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Adrian Randall 《Endeavour》1998,22(4):152-155
Hostility towards machinery was more widespread in the early Industrial Revolution than is customarily supposed and machine-breakers themselves were far from the mindless opponents of change they are often portrayed as being. Luddism marked not merely a turning point in the take-up of machinery but also a significant moment in the wider debate between conflicting political economies. It also crystallized a watershed in the attitudes of the State towards industrial protest and industrial regulation. 相似文献
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This paper examines the terminological confusion underlying the study of information use, and reviews the major studies in the field. The conclusion is that confusion in research methods is inextricably linked to a lack of clarity in terminology. Attention is drawn to the significance of different social and cultural contexts in shaping ‘information needs’, and a research scheme is evolved for the study of users of ‘professional information’ in Poland. 相似文献
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Judith Reppy 《Research Policy》1977,6(4):396-410
The US Department of Defense funds a significant fraction of the in-house R&D of its defense contractors through its Independent Research and Development (IR&D) program. These IR&D funds, however, are reported as company-financed R&D in statistics compiled by the National Science Foundation. The program is most important in the aircraft industry, where we estimate that IR&D payments were 20% of the R&D reported as company-financed in 1973. Because special regulations govern the IR&D program, it would be more appropriate for most purposes to treat IR&D as part of federally-financed, not company-financed, R&D. 相似文献
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Tom Wilson 《Information processing & management》1999,35(6):839
This paper reviews a number of models of information behaviour and introduces a model based on the goal-directed behaviour of problem solving. A key part of the problem-solving process is held to be that of ‘uncertainty reduction’ and this aspect of the information seeking and searching process is currently being explored in a project supported by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre. Preliminary results from the pilot phase of the Project are presented which suggest possible lines of further investigation. 相似文献
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Regional governments around the world hope to become significant players in the world biotechnology industry through their support for local clusters. This article explores whether or not this is a realistic ambition. It does so through network analysis of biotechnology firms located in Melbourne, Australia, the leading biotechnology cluster in the Asia-Pacific. The article finds that the Melbourne cluster is characterized by both intensive regionalism and precocious internationalism, fuelled by ‘the tyranny of distance’ [Blainey, G., 1966. The Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia's History. Sun, Melbourne]. The regional ties are partial; the international ties are precarious. Support from venture capital and deals with big pharma are especially problematic. ‘The tyranny of distance’ is exacerbated by cultural dynamics, favouring ties with the US and UK rather than Japan and Korea, for example. In this context, making the cluster viable is an immense challenge, calling for imaginative and finely-directed public policy measures. 相似文献
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Context is hot in information science as well as in numerous other disciplines, but what exactly does this mean in and for research? The paper discusses the differences between objectified and interpretative approaches to context. It is argued that in information needs and seeking research (INS), the former approach has thus far been more common. Contextual entities are usually described to provide a background for the study of individuals' or groups' information behavior, not in order to point out how contextual knowledge is. From a metatheoretical viewpoint, context is the site where a phenomenon is constituted as a research object. One way of understanding INS phenomena is to define them as patterns of behavior; another way is to understand them as phenomena mediated by social and cultural meanings and values. A large proportion of current theory and research in INS studies is located within the behaviorist framework which has become so familiar and taken-for-granted that it is rarely seen as a paradigm. 相似文献
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【目的】 帮助学术期刊把握出版运营的原则与本质,打破运营误区,提升运营能力,为期刊出版的有效运营提供参考。【方法】 针对学术期刊出版运营中的误区和不良现象,剖析期刊发展“术”与“道”的差异及关系,揭示学术期刊出版运营的本质。【结果】 “道”是根本,以“道”驭“术”,以“术”促“道”,不仅是学术期刊出版初心和本原的回归,更是学术期刊生存发展的需要。【结论】 学术期刊需要牢记初心使命、坚守学术定力,科学认识期刊出版运营的影响因素,系统调用运营全要素,不为“名”所困扰,不为评价指标所羁绊,实现有效运营与可持续发展。 相似文献
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【目的】 探究提升我国科技期刊国际影响力的因素。【方法】 通过对我国7类不同隶属关系的科技期刊从业人员和机构进行调研,获取128份有效调研表,每份调研表包含31种相关因素,对调研结果进行主成分分析。【结果】 我国科技期刊国际影响力的影响因素主要包括期刊属性、重大科技成果首发、高被引论文、论文发表量和发表周期、拒稿率和拒稿量、期刊口碑和期刊发行量。其中期刊属性因素主要包括期刊数字出版技术能力,相似学科中期刊影响因子排名,期刊栏目多样性,单一期刊还是期刊群,期刊出版模式,重要内容、论文、新闻等推送力和国家覆盖度等。【结论】 为提升我国科技期刊的国际影响力,需重视并加强期刊数字化、集群化建设,提倡开放获取出版,发表重大科学发现论文,适当提高论文出版量,缩短评审和发表周期,提升期刊口碑,强化期刊内容宣传推广,提高纸刊发行量和地区与国家覆盖度。 相似文献