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1.
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether social interaction has a mediating influence on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health status among elderly community-dwelling Japanese. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all of the elderly age 65 years and over in Tama City in Japan in 2001. Overall 8,558 elderly individuals answered the questionnaire, with a response rate of 80.2%. Bivariate correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that social interaction exerted direct and positive effects on health status (0.51 for men, 0.57 for women); SES not only directly affected health status (0.14 for men, 0.21 for women), but also demonstrated an indirect effect via social interaction (0.13 for men, 0.23 for women), particularly on subjective health (0.82 for elderly men, 0.74 for elderly women). All of the associations were more pronounced among elderly women. In conclusion, social interaction may partly explain SES differences in health status, especially for elderly women. Therefore, the promotion of social contact and participation may contribute to the reduction of health disparities among Japanese community-dwelling elderly individuals age 65–84 years. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTHealthy life expectancy (HLE) is an emerging field in aging studies. Nevertheless, understanding of HLE from the perspective of socioeconomic status (SES) is inadequate. To fill this gap, the present study explores differences in HLE by SES based on two nationally representative longitudinal databases in China. The study adopts education as a proxy of SES and employs the multistate life table method to compute HLE. Health is measured by the following four indicators: physical function, cognitive function, depression, and self-rated health. The results show that educational differences are associated with significantly different results in these four health indicators. Active life expectancy, cognitive-impairment-free life expectancy, and self-rated healthy life expectancy differ by existence of educational attainment among the old adults, with the nonilliterate group enjoying both longer cognitive-impairment-free life expectancy and self-rated healthy life expectancy, while unexpectedly, the illiterate group has a higher active life expectancy at most ages. In contrast, depression-free life expectancy is similar between the two educational categories. The positive association between educational attainment and cognitive-impairment-free life expectancy and self-rated healthy life expectancy might be explained by the beneficial effect of education in improving and maintaining cognitive ability and SES, while the negative association between educational attainment and active life expectancy might be interpreted by the higher rate of mortality and the absence of social-security support among less educated Chinese senior citizens. The lack of difference by educational attainment in depression-free life expectancy requires further investigation. 相似文献
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Allan B. de Guzman Diannesa April F. Golosinda Cristine Porcia R. Gonzales 《Educational gerontology》2019,45(1):34-44
Previous studies have indicated that major transitions in life such as retirement or exit from working life may contribute to the normative decline in self-esteem. A growing trend on elderly’s labor force beyond retirement invites the conduct of more empirical studies on the dynamics of self-esteem among the elderly group. Anchored on the Self-Determination Theory, this study is an attempt to test a model that examines the impact of social support, health promotion, activities of daily living and anxiety on the self-esteem of a select group of Filipino elderly working beyond the retirement age. Two-hundred eighteen (218) working elderly from the capital of the Philippines participated in this exploratory study. Data gathered from a multi-aspect questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 19 and AMOS version 19. Results of structural equation model (SEM) indicated that social support; activities of daily living and health promotion have direct effects on self-esteem, thus supporting the hypotheses. A direct relationship exists between elderly activities of daily living and their social support and anxiety. Notably, an inverse relationship exists between elderly anxiety and factors such as health promotion and self-esteem. The emerged model in this study could serve as valuable tool for nurses in enhancing nursing care aimed at promoting the psychological-well-being and occupational health among the elderly. 相似文献
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吴德芬 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2013,(3):17-19
目的：了解襄城区王府街道办事处两社区65岁以上人群的健康状况,更好地为老年人提供健康服务。方法：对两个社区742名老年人的体检资料进行统计和分析,针对性地采取干预措施。结果：体检项目结果异常的总检出率85.4%,其中男性85.6%、女性85.4%;血压增高占51.5%,血糖增高占26.7%,心电图异常19.1%,血脂异常11.6%,肾功能异常8.9%,肥胖占7.8%,胸透异常3.8%。结论：社区老年人的健康状况不容乐观,应重视对老年人的健康教育,加强对老年人心脑血管慢性病的健康干预,提高其生活质量。 相似文献
6.
孙小蒙 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(4):99-100
我国当前已步入人口老龄化社会,摸清老年人的生活状况和老龄化发展趋势,对于老年人权益保障法的修订和完善具有重要作用。占老龄人口较大比重的空巢老人群体,其生活保障、身体状况、精神卫生等问题关乎着老年人权益保障这张安全网的健全程度。 相似文献
7.
随着社会的进步与生活水平的提高,人类的平均寿命也在逐渐延长,我国人口老龄化程度也随之加剧。目前上海市老年人口比例已超总人口的18%,其中浦东新区的老年人口比例也超过17%。老年人对养老的需求已经从物质层面提升到了精神文化层面。虽然国家提高了对老年群体的关注度,但老年群体的学习需求仍未得到有效满足。运用问卷调查法和EXCEL软件,对浦东新区五镇老年群体的学习需求进行分析,得出浦东新区五镇老年人学习需求与年龄成负相关关系,与学历、职业、退休后收入整体上成正相关关系。建议政府、社区、社会三位一体,通过开设多样化系统化的老年课程,营造积极的学习风尚等方式,共同为老年群体提供良好的学习环境,满足当代老年群体的精神需求。 相似文献
8.
The role of psychological interpretations in the relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and physiological responses was tested. One hundred high school students (ages 15–19) watched videos of ambiguous and negative life situations, and were interviewed about their interpretations. Lower SES was associated with greater threat interpretations during ambiguous (but not negative) situations and with greater diastolic blood pressure and heart rate reactivity. Threat interpretations partially mediated relationships between SES and reactivity. General life events (e.g., lack of positive life events), rather than specific life events (e.g., exposure to violence), partially explained the relationship between low SES and threat interpretations. Results suggest that the larger social environment helps explain how adolescents approach new social situations, which in turn has implications for adolescent physical health. 相似文献
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Drawing on the first wave of data from the Chilean Longitudinal Study for Early Childhood the current study examined the relation between family socioeconomic status (SES) and children's receptive Spanish vocabulary, and whether these relations were mediated by physical features of the home environment, parent–child interactions, and participation in center-based child care. The results of path analyses (n = 1589) estimating direct and indirect effects of SES on children's receptive vocabulary test scores provided evidence of partial mediation through indices of standard of living and parents’ level of cognitive and linguistic stimulation in the home. This study is among the first to replicate with a non-U.S. sample, a well-established linkage among SES, family-level conditions and processes, and young children's language outcomes. 相似文献
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Petra Rattay Dr. Thomas Lampert PD Dr. Hannelore Neuhauser Dr. Ute Ellert 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2012,15(1):145-170
Family is the central place of socialization during childhood and adolescence. What are the determining factors of family life that are important for the health of children and adolescents and in which stages of their life do these factors take effect? The question is answered with reference to the general health of children and adolescents as rated by their parents. The analysis is conducted with data from the KiGGS study 2003–2006 which is representative of Germany (n?=?17641, age: 0–17 years). The gender-specific effects of different family factors on good health are analysed in five age groups using binary logistic regression analysis including structural, socioeconomic and origin-related factors of family as well as housing conditions and family cohesion. Bivariate analysis indicates significant effects on general health for almost all included factors (at least in some age groups). Multivariate analysis shows family cohesion to be the most important factor for good health. In boys a bilateral migration background also has an adverse effect on good general health until the beginning of adolescence. 相似文献
12.
It is generally assumed that young people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) face restricted access to higher education institutions, and particularly to those which are considered to be more prestigious. Differences in student placement in higher education institutions by place of residence are usually explained by their SES. We argue that place of residence is not only a geographical attribute, but also a social factor that influences self-identity and plays a significant role in student placement regardless of their SES. The study was conducted in Israel among first year undergraduate students, and analyzed the effect of living in four residential locality types (cities, small towns, Jewish and Arab villages) on institutional placement. The study focused on the patterns of student placement in institutions, controlling for individual SES and previous academic ability. Findings indicate that place of residence has a net effect on student placement, and it interacts with SES and with previous academic achievements. Less “successful” students, regardless of their SES, are less influenced by their residential locality. These differences in college placement are explained in part by the place of residence, which represents a way of life that creates a shared “sense of place” or “habitus” based on locality. 相似文献
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As a result of the increase in life expectancy in Western societies, the need for elderly people to live with their families (coresidence) is on the rise. The main objectives of this study were to determine the social perception of the advantages and drawbacks of coresidence with elderly people and establish the differences in this perception amongst the coresiding generations. A 20-item scale (Likert-type) was developed to determine beliefs on coresidence. A total of 414 subjects from three generations (207 young people, 146 adults and 61 elderly people) from 207 different families took part in the study. Results: the factorial analysis of the scale entitled “assessment conflict in coresidence with elderly people” (ACE) shows five factors that, together, account for 47.5% of the total variance. The results indicate that there are both positive and negative beliefs, although negative beliefs are the most prevalent. The most prominent positive belief was that the grandparents help to look after their grandchildren. Problems derived from living together and the lack of space were among the negative beliefs. The perception of coresidence with elderly people varied among the generations, and two different patterns were observed regarding the degree of agreement with the statements. In one pattern, the level of agreement gradually increased from the grandchildren generation to the grandparent generation. In the other in two generations, it was similar, and in the third it was different. In general, the parent generation (adults) had the most negative perception of coresidence with elderly people. 相似文献
14.
Kate Ryan Kuhlman Andreas Maercker Rahel Bachem Keti Simmen Andrea Burri 《Child abuse & neglect》2013
The purpose of this study was to quantify the association between childhood traumatic experiences and geriatric depression (GDS) in a population of elderly who were exposed to severe childhood trauma. We aimed to identify the role of childhood maltreatment exposure in geriatric depression and the developmental and contextual factors that exacerbate this relationship. We interviewed 141 former indentured child laborers (58 females) about their experiences as children and their current depressive symptoms (Mage = 77, SD = 6.8). Participants provided their age, the year they were first indentured, duration indentured, current physical health, completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Child maltreatment, specifically emotional abuse, was strongly associated with geriatric depression symptoms. These effects were specific to individuals who were removed from their biological families between the ages of 3 and 9 years, and for children who were indentured for 6–12 years. Finally, depression partially mediated the association between medical conditions and daily health impairment, but not for individuals “at risk” for depression by virtue of their maltreatment experiences. This study was conducted with a specific subpopulation of elderly and therefore may not generalize to all geriatric depression, nor to all generations or populations with exposure to childhood adversity. This study demonstrates the importance of using a developmental framework to understand how childhood maltreatment facilitates increased risk for the development of depression in late life. 相似文献
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杨丹丹 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2014,(12):163-163
本文通过对我国老龄化的现状和特点以及中老年人从事社区健身舞蹈发展状况进行了问卷调查分析,认为社区健身舞蹈可以满足中老年人的健身需求,并且可以大力发展社区体育健身,因为它不仅仅可以促进中老年人的心理、身体以及智力的健康发展,还有利于塑造他们审美意识,丰富他们的业余生活。 相似文献
16.
Susan E. Dieterich Heather M. Hebert Susan H. Landry Paul R. Swank Karen E. Smith 《Early education and development》2004,15(3):283-304
Research findings. Growth across 6 months to 8 years of age, assessed at seven time points, for daily living and cognitive skills was compared for term (n = 122), very low birth weight (VLBW) children of low (n = 114) and high (n = 73) medical risk and lower socioeconomic status (SES). Dramatic declines in daily living skills were found for all children, while cognitive skills were stable across this age range. By 8 years, daily living skills were in deficient ranges for all groups with both VLBW groups showing lower levels in both skill areas across all ages compared to term children. Relations between child and parenting factors and daily living skill growth were examined in order to better understand this decline. Early maternal general stimulation and directiveness predicted slower declines in daily living skills while higher parental developmental expectations predicted higher levels in daily living skills. Practice. These results demonstrated the negative impact of lower SES and biological risk on children's growth in daily living skill. The findings highlighting several parenting factors that are important in understanding individual differences in children's daily living skill development have implications for early intervention. 相似文献
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E Elmer 《Child abuse & neglect》1986,10(3):351-360
This paper reports the results of residential treatment plus short-term follow-up of 31 deprived infants. Also discussed are the effects of abuse and socioeconomic status (SES) on the outcome measures. Two matched comparison groups were utilized: infants with similar problems, not admitted to the Center; and infants with no history of maltreatment. All had anthropometric measures, tests on the Bayley scales, and measures of mother-baby interaction three times during the first year of life. The Time Two results were considered the best indicator of the value of treatment because Time Two marked the end of Center residence. At Time Two the experimental children had gained more in height for age. They had lost some ground on the psychomotor scale but stayed relatively equal with the others on the mental scale. On the interaction scales they clearly surpassed the comparison groups. By Time Three the living arrangements had worsened for a number of the experimental babies. Physical measurements were similar among the groups. The experimental group maintained its standing on the Bayley scales, had lost ground on the interaction scales, but still surpassed the problem comparison group. The Time Three results are discussed with respect to the gravity of infant abuse. Effects of SES were more apparent throughout than the effects of abuse. 相似文献
19.
Jacqui Smith 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(4):577-599
Factors associated with education, social status, health, and psychological makeup are indicators of life experience and are
also associated with quality of life in old age. Do these factors also contribute to a longer life? Data from the Berlin Aging
Study (BASE; see Baltes/Mayer 1999), a locally representative sample of men and women aged 70 to 100+, are examined to determine whether status on these
dimensions of life experience 1) differs between individuals in the early phase of old age (young old) and individuals who
have survived beyond the average life expectancy of this birthcohort (age 85 plus, the so-called Fourth Age), and 2) predicts
survival during old age. After controls for age and gender, health, occupational status and psychological functioning predicted
survival. In general, long-lived individuals in present cohorts of the Fourth Age compared with those in the Third Age have
lower education, lower occupational status at retirement, poorer health status, and lower levels of psychological functioning.
Future studies should address the effects of various dimensions of life experience in different phases of the life course
to determine the paths through which experience influences individual differences in the rate of aging and age at death in
old age. 相似文献
20.
Eucharia Onyema Ejechi 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(5):328-337
The quality of life (QL) of retired academics reengaged in some Nigerian Universities was studied using physical health, subjective happiness, life satisfaction and psychological well-being domains and a measure based on control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure (CASP) as indicators. Satisfactory QL was indicated all respondents (>50% maximum points), but physical health was poor (<30%). Compared to the preretirement period, respondents indicated satisfactory present condition. Significant differences (t test) due to gender, age, living with/without spouse, mandatory/voluntary retirement, and rank occurred in some QL indicators. Except for physical health, the QL indicators were positively associated (r = .31–0.69, p < .05–0.01). Satisfactory location was indicated and was positively related to subjective happiness (r = .52–.76). Thus, the QL of reengaged retired academics did not deteriorate because of continued activity. 相似文献