共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
The paper explores academic staff and departmental research and teaching cultures in the Education Departments of five universities
in Scotland and England, countries with increasingly diverging public policies in respect of education. The relationship between
research and teaching, how the purposes of universities are defined and the status of research in Education are current UK
higher education policy preoccupations. Data is drawn from interviews with 40 academics, observation of department settings,
documentation and websites. The analysis draws on the work of Bourdieu, considering the changing habitus of individual academics,
their departmental and academic subject context and the forms of symbolic capital now required in Scottish and English Education
departments in response to new policies affecting their academic field. The paper also utilises recent literature on the research–teaching
relationship. The career trajectories of respondents, their habitus and the forms of symbolic capital that they bring to academic
life are examined, as are the extent to which the teaching and research cultures in each of the five departments studied mirror
each other and whether these also reflect the two different policy contexts. The themes how academic cultures are shaped and
research/teaching connections viewed have international as UK relevance. 相似文献
2.
Sue Johnston 《高等教育研究与发展》1997,16(3):331-342
Educational Development Units (EDUs) exist in most Australian universities and are playing a role in supporting teaching at the institutional level. There is a tension within many such units between working with individual academics at the grassroots level and being more influential at the institutional level. Some writers in the field have been critical of units which operate at the individual consultancy level, suggesting that such an approach limits their overall impact at the institutional level. In this article, a brief case study is used to illustrate that these two levels of action should be seen as complementary and that both levels of action are necessary to support efforts to enhance the quality of university teaching. 相似文献
3.
Alexandra C. Gunn Mary F. Hill David Berg Mavis Haigh 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2016,44(4):306-319
The study of recruitment practices for teacher educators (TEs) in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) universities reveals the academic category of TE constituted along three related trajectories: a professional expert (not required to research), a traditional academic (not required to hold a teaching qualification or teacher’s practicing certificate), and one who is dually qualified, to teach (as a registered NZ teacher) and to research. It is the dually qualified type of TE who can service the full scope of university-based initial teacher education (UBITE). Recent recruitment practices have, however, focused on employment of professional experts and traditional academics. Drawing from document analyses and interviews, we present a picture of changing work for TEs. Our study argues that policy environments and universities’ responses are changing the objects, rules, and divisions of labour in UBITE. We comment on the evolution of initial teacher education in NZ, its likely trajectory, and its potential for development. 相似文献
4.
This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Indonesian academics towards the implementation of Performance Indicators (PIs) on teaching and research. The study was a case study using semi‐structured interviews, conducted with 30 academics in three state universities in Indonesia. The results of the study revealed academics believed that outcome indicators used in PIs for control mechanisms have neglected the humane side of the teaching and learning process, and scientific research. Academics also perceived that PIs are valuable for improving daunting workplace conditions and poor institutional culture if they are used for the improvement of internal management. The findings of this study, if seriously considered, may provide information for policy makers to revisit and refine the existing indicators used to measure academics’ teaching and research performance. This can be implemented by taking into account the collegial nature, organised anarchy, of a bottom‐up approach that emphasises the emancipation of academics to determine what elements of their teaching and research should be covered and be measured. This research argues that indicators used for PIs can be a blend of quantitative and qualitative measures, which compensate for each other. 相似文献
5.
For many UK higher education business schools, the continued recruitment of UK, EU and international students is crucial for financial stability, viability and independence. Due to increasingly competitive funding models across the sector, many institutional leaders and administrators are making decisions typical of highly marketised consumer environments. Thus, this paper explores academics’ perceptions of the impact of consumerisation in UK higher education business schools. To achieve this, 22 business school academics were interviewed within three UK higher education institutions (HEIs) in the North of England. Participants had a minimum of three years teaching experience. Data was analysed using template analysis taking an interpretive approach. The findings indicate that academics perceived the introduction of tuition fees to have been the catalyst for students increasing demonstration of customer-like behaviour: viewing the education process as transactional, with the HEI providing a ‘paid for’ service. It is argued that these changes in UK higher education have created tensions between university leaders and academics, creating genuine dilemmas for those with decision-making responsibilities who must balance academic integrity and long-term institutional financial viability. 相似文献
6.
7.
Ian Hardy Peter Grootenboer Laurette Bristol 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(7):925-945
In this article, we utilise recent theorising on praxis and educational development to explore how academics in universities can foster public, institutional and more personal development, even as they are challenged by what are sometimes described as more ‘managerial’ and ‘neoliberal’ conditions. The research draws upon a variety of sources of data, including publicly available correspondence on the university sector in Australia, interviews with colleagues, and personal reflective journals. These data reflect three instances of educational praxis development in the Australian university context, and at three scales/levels: nationally; unit-wide (university/faculty/institute); and sub-unit/individually. The findings reveal such development in the form of: academics using mainstream media to inform the general public about the nature of university industrial relations and funding at a national level; junior and senior academics collaborating and engaging in mentoring practices to build institutional research capacity at a university/institutional level; and, individual academics meeting to develop individual teaching practice. Through explicating the characteristics and value of educational development for and as praxis, we provide resources for hope for better understanding how the work of universities, including their broader mission to inform the public, might be enacted more educationally. 相似文献
8.
Yating Huang 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(4):758-772
Drawing on in-depth interviews and classroom observations with 14 academics from the field of applied sciences, this case study provides empirical evidences on the research–teaching nexus in the context of Chinese research universities by examining the multi-layered factors at the individual, institutional and organisational levels. The study sketches out several substantive social structures, including performative incentives, research culture and institutional emphases, that have significantly shaped the research–teaching nexus in a managerial context. Teaching beliefs that are rooted in traditional Chinese culture, however, have been identified as an essential factor to strengthen the research–teaching nexus. This study concludes that a more supportive environment based on the cultural beliefs of teaching can be created to alleviate the growing tensions between research and teaching. 相似文献
9.
Barbara Sporn 《Higher Education in Europe》1999,24(1):23-33
European universities are increasingly facing competitive environments, declining resources, and changing societal needs. Factors influencing this development are globalization, the changing role of the state, economic restructuring, information technology, and student and staff mobility. Adaptation to these new environmental conditions involves changes in major structures and processes of academic organization. This article describes these environmental demands and presents institutional responses illustrated through empirical results. The importance of governance, management, and leadership regarding adaptation are of special concern in this analysis. Implications for higher education research and practice include consequences for university management as well as for new areas for empirical work. 相似文献
10.
Baris Uslu Alper Calikoglu F. Nevra Seggie Steven H. Seggie 《Higher Education Quarterly》2019,73(3):285-311
The innovative teaching, knowledge and technology production and societal service activities of academics are largely discussed within the entrepreneurial university discourse in Higher Education journals. Therefore, this research focuses on a meta‐synthesis of Higher Education articles to better understand the concepts of the entrepreneurial university and entrepreneurial academic. After the systematic elimination based on keywords and titles, 25 articles have been selected from the top 10 Higher Education journals in the SCImago Journal Rankings. Content analysis was performed on these articles to highlight the common operational areas in entrepreneurial universities and activities of entrepreneurial academics. The meta‐synthesis shows that, both for universities and academics, entrepreneurship is overwhelmingly characterised by the commercialisation of scholarly activities that enrich institutional income revenue as well as academics’ personal income. However, such an approach can distance universities from their mission of public good; so Higher Education administrators should create mechanisms that would allow both to take place in a balanced way. 相似文献
11.
Pamela Roberts 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(5):542-555
This research is based on an empirical study exploring how academics make curriculum decisions and their perceptions of the influences that shape their decisions. Interviews were held with 20 academics from diverse disciplines, who were both research active and committed to teaching. The higher education curriculum was conceptualised as a field of decision-making shaped by academics’ beliefs about educational and contextual influences. The study identified five distinctive curriculum orientations representing coherent patterns of curriculum decisions aligned with academics’ beliefs about educational purposes. Case studies are presented to elucidate each of the curriculum orientations. Curriculum orientations were also found to shape academics’ responses to educational change. The following higher education change drivers are explored: graduate employability and the skills agenda, teaching–research relationships, changing understandings about teaching and learning, educational technologies and flexible delivery. The findings suggest implications for institutional curriculum change initiatives and academic development programmes. 相似文献
12.
于洁 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2019,(4):15-22
随着一流大学、一流学科建设步伐的不断加快,大学对科研生产日益重视。"唯论文"成为了一些高校开展教育评价的重要手段,致使不少教师在科研付出与教学努力方面出现厚此薄彼现象,这引起了学界的广泛关注。如何实现大学教学与科研并重?制度理论提供了一个从组织环境的角度去研究、认识的出发点。通过深入剖析大学的基本功能入手,在制度理论逻辑下进行研究发现:第一,大学的教学功能符合制度环境的合法性要求,符合政府、社会、家长、学生的关切,是推进人才培养层次提升的必然要求。而大学的科研功能是技术环境所追求的效率标准的产物。高校所开展的科学研究、知识创新,对经济社会发展起到促进作用;以教师论文(著作、教材)生产为主线的教育评价方式便于量化,这些都是大学服从技术环境的规则选择的结果。第二,以科研为先的大学组织面临着教学与科研失衡的困境。一方面是面临来自组织外部的排名压力。高校行政管理人员与教师在对待科研生产方面,具有较强的异质性;高校倾向于制定各种实现绩效最大化的政策与激励措施,以便调动广大教师的科研的潜在动力;科研奖励模式对于青年教师群体而言,其促进效果是突出的。另一方面是面临来自组织内部的科研竞争压力。科研评估不仅是大学实现自身合法性的需求,也是大学为二级学院设立的竞争机制的需要。第三,应借助帕累托改进方法,建立组织代表构成规则、学院对资源再分配、树立教学权威,构建大学教学与科研并重的理想状态。大学应充分利用已经积累起来的科研资源,促进科研成果转化、服务于教育教学,把教学与科研之间的差距缩小到可以承受的水平;尊重教育教学与科研生产的内在差异和运行规律。 相似文献
13.
Stephen J Marshall Moya J Adams Alison Cameron Gavin Sullivan 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(1):42-53
Enquiries into the governance, structure and management of higher education institutions across the globe have stimulated changes to the legislative and policy frameworks within which universities operate and to their organizational structures and processes. These changes have subsequently brought into question the proper role of academics in relation to the leadership and management of their departments/institutions. While mainstream academic staff conceive of academic leadership as being strictly associated with teaching, research and community outreach, university administrators and policy makers conceptualize it more broadly. Their definitions often include the management of change, quality, information, finance, and physical and human resources - functions that many mainstream academics perceive as being the responsibility of departmental/institutional administrative or support staff. Such differences create major challenges for academic development units. What type of training should they provide? Should they embrace activities that support these new conceptions of leadership and management? These are among the central issues explored in this paper. 相似文献
14.
Akira Arimoto 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2016,17(3):427-438
The Japanese academics have high recognition of themselves as the researchers rather than the teachers. This kind of climate developed in the national research universities including Teikoku Daigaku in the prewar time and even in the postwar time; it has extended to almost all academics not only in the research universities but also in the non-research universities. This fact was testified clearly in the CAP survey conducted in 2007, in which the Japanese academics’ research orientation belonged to the German type. A climate of academics in Japan is different from the counterparts in the USA as shown in the CAP survey, in which the American academics are oriented to research and teaching with a weight of half and half. Given the Japanese academic climate involved in research orientation, the national government offers in recent years the research grants to academics as the category of researcher on the basis of “selection and concentration principle” to the extent that only distinguished researchers in research productivity can be selected. Accordingly, Kakusa Shakai, or the social difference between the institutions with high productivity and those with low productivity, seems to be increasingly extending recently. The question that how the Japanese government disseminates research outputs to make these outputs be more socially utilized is likely to be not answered adequately for many years because there are few meta-evaluations to assess policy’s usefulness. However, such meta-evaluation of policy is expected to be done strictly since 2002 when it was introduced in the context that government policy’s contribution to society was functioned substantially. 相似文献
15.
John Kenny 《Higher Education》2017,74(5):897-913
Neoliberal reforms in higher education have resulted in corporate managerial practices in universities and a drive for efficiency and productivity in teaching and research. As a result, there has been an intensification of academic work, increased stress for academics and an emphasis on accountability and performativity in universities. This paper critically examines these developments in institutions and draws on evidence from universities across the sector and a detailed case study in one university to identify the impacts of these changes on academic work. Given its ubiquity and the link of academic productivity to institutional experience, the paper argues that assumptions underpinning academic performance management need to be rethought to recognise the fundamentally intrinsic motivational nature of academic work. The paper explores the effects of performance management on individual academics as a case study in one institution and proposes a re-design of academic performance management to improve productivity based on the evidence. 相似文献
16.
This article examines the factors which contribute to the success of female academics engaging in research in social sciences. The data were obtained through a series of interviews carried out at public universities in Catalonia with women, all of whom were the heads of research groups recognized by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government). These results reveal several aspects relevant for women academics, at both the individual and institutional levels, in terms of employment opportunities, management of research programmes, development of teaching strategies and individual time management. This should assist the development of institutional policies and practices within higher education to help women build successful research careers. 相似文献
17.
Gerard Gervedink Nijhuis Betty Collis 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2005,36(6):1035-1049
As universities transform into enterprises, academics are facing new challenges, especially in their teaching. This is because of the demands for student‐centred programmes that offer more flexibility, the use of Course Management Systems such as Blackboard, and the expectation that instructors will perform (more) efficiently and effectively. In this research, the focus is on teaching‐related activities to support instructors to stay in control, given these increasing pressures. A Personal Performance Model that shows key aspects of academics’ performance relating to teaching tasks was developed. A series of studies relating to gaps between expected and actual performance was carried out using the Human Performance Technology methodology. As an intervention based on these gaps, a Personal Performance Support Tool was developed to support instructors with their time and task management in relation to teaching, as well as to develop an elaborated insight on how to support instructors as they respond to changing expectations for their teaching performance. Key steps to guide universities in implementing such a support tool have been identified as a result of the research. 相似文献
18.
This paper presents findings from an empirical study of key aspects of the teaching and research priorities, beliefs and behaviours of 72 professorial and associate professorial academics in Science, Information Technology and Engineering across four faculties in three Australian universities. The academics ranked 16 research activities and 16 matched learning and teaching (L&T) activities from three perspectives: job satisfaction, role model behaviour and perceptions of professional importance. The findings were unequivocally in favour of research in all three areas and remarkably consistent across the universities. The only L&T activity that was ranked consistently well was ‘improving student satisfaction ratings for teaching’, an area in which academics are increasingly held accountable. Respondents also indicated that their seniors encourage research efforts more than L&T efforts. Recommendations include that higher education rewards for quality L&T are maintained or improved and that recognition of L&T research domains is further strengthened. 相似文献
19.
This study reports the development and validation of an instrument to assess institutional or university-level environment
in universities. Using a sample of 489 academics from 52 departments in 28 Australian universities, an instrument called the
University-Level Environment Questionnaire (ULEQ) was field-tested and validated. The final form of the ULEQ consists of 42
items assigned to seven scales: Academic Freedom, Concern for Undergraduate Learning, Concern for Research and Scholarship,
Empowerment, Affiliation, Mission Consensus, and Work Pressure. Validation data showed that the ULEQ has sound structural
characteristics, thus suggesting that it should prove to be an important research tool for individual academics, departments,
and universities interested in improving their learning environments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Laurie Field 《International Journal for Academic Development》2015,20(2):113-125
Adopting a pluralistic view of academics’ informal learning that draws on Habermas (1987), this article suggests that a great deal of academic learning results from tensions and incompatibilities between individual interests and those of employing institutions increasingly resonant with the ideology of New Public Management (NPM), with its emphasis on market forces (e.g. student as ‘customer’), enhanced management power, surveillance, and measurement. To explore these ideas further, the article draws on interviews with academics at an Australian university to examine their informal learning about teaching. The academics interviewed had learnt a great deal from the changing context about how teaching is perceived by their institution, as well as about their own personal status and security in the new environment. The paper suggests that the ruthless push of NPM and associated ideologies and pressures impacting on higher education in Western countries represent ‘currents’ running counter to the efforts of academic developers to foster teaching excellence and expertise. The article’s conclusions suggest value in further research into the impact of ideological changes such as NPM on ‘learning about teaching’ in a variety of institutional settings. 相似文献