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1.
《Higher Education Policy》2000,13(3):245-266
The steering and regulation of Continental European higher education systems remains, in general, dominated by State authorities. However, recent developments in public administration and finance have produced some changes in the traditional role of the State as the sole provider of funding and central regulator for higher education institutions. The idea of a “market” for higher education has also been used, in many countries only in a rhetorical way, but in other countries some market-like mechanisms are actually being employed by governments in order to increase the efficiency and the responsiveness of universities and colleges to societal demands. In Portugal, a very large private sector of higher education has been allowed to develop. By analysing the governmental policies vis-à-vis its results, we arrive at the conclusion that, despite this very large private sector, no “real” market has emerged, and that the simultaneous lack of efficient State regulation has resulted in a situation of deep crisis for the sector. 相似文献
2.
Private higher education is growing, especially in developing and transitioning countries. Rapid growth frequently comes with concerns about quality. This article explores challenges and opportunities for higher education quality among private universities in Bangladesh. By presenting a vertical case study that explores interactions among actors at the institutional, national and global spheres, the authors argue for the need of developing quality standards that respond to the local realities of developing and transitioning countries. It is also argued that self-regulation among private universities is likely the most effective pathway for improvement. Bangladesh presents an ideal case for analysis given the rapid growth that higher education has experienced in the last 20 years in that country and given the current policy junction as Bangladesh begins to implement a newly developed quality assurance system. Other countries in the region in early stages of developing quality assurance and accountability systems may benefit from the findings of this study. 相似文献
3.
卢晓中 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,27(1):103-108
比较教育学科理论问题仍是一个颇具挑战性的论题。当代比较教育学研究在转变：从宏观研究转向微观研究;从关注国家教育制度转为关注学校教育方法及教育效果;从主要研究发达国家转向重视亚非拉等发展中国家及全球性教育问题;从一味介绍外国教育制度的优越性到同时强调各国教育的独特性及相互借鉴;从仅重视国民教育制度到关注妇女、少数民族等社会弱势群体的教育;从仅注重正规的中小学教育到关注正规教育,非正规教育、非正式教育及私立教育。 相似文献
4.
This article examines the relationship between the private share of tertiary enrollments and overall access, measured by the gross tertiary enrollment rate, using a cross-national dataset from 122 countries spanning 1999−2017. In contrast to the dominant assumption in international development that expanding the private sector will necessarily increase access, we find a weak association between the private share of tertiary enrollments and gross tertiary enrollment ratio globally. That said, this association is stronger when there is high demand for higher education, as proxied by secondary gross enrollment ratio and urbanization. We also find regional variation, with private higher education positively associated with access in Central and Eastern Europe and core English-speaking countries and negatively associated with access in sub-Saharan Africa, after accounting for demand factors. We argue that private higher education is only an effective policy solution for expanding access when there is high unmet demand for higher education and a conducive policy context. 相似文献
5.
This article provides an international comparative overview of institutional strategies, collaboration patterns and governmental policies related to the use of ICT in higher education. It has been produced as part of an international comparative study on the use of ICT in higher education. A study commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and published as: “The Use of Information and Communication Technology in Higher Education: An International Orientation on Trends and Issues”, B. Collis and M. van der Wende (Eds). University of Twente, CHEPS, 1999. It covers the following range of countries: Belgium, Finland, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America. Additionally some main initiatives at the European level have been taken into account. On the basis of this international comparison, the following main conclusions were drawn. Due in part to the fact that in many cases institutional strategies for ICT are still lacking, interesting experimentation does not generally lead to successful dissemination and adoption on a wider scale. In many cases, the push for a substantial use of ICT in distance learning programs has come from new educati onal markets, life-long learning and international education in particular. The response of higher education to these markets is leading in many countries to a convergence of distance and traditional (on-campus) education. Inter-institutional and inter-sectoral collaboration between universities and companies are characteristics of many successful ICT initiatives, although they do not generally continue into sustainable implementation in the individual institutions. Governments facilitate the use of ICT through the establishment of infrastructure, networks and inter-institutional and public–private partnerships, and try to create the right regulatory environment. Further deregulation will enable institutions to respond to new market demands and will inspire the necessary organizational change in higher education institutions. 相似文献
6.
由于高等教育国际化发展水平、大学数量及教育质量等方面所存在的问题,印度已成为智力外流的主要国家之一。在高教改革的推动下,印度的私立院校较之公立大学在开发创新服务项目和满足西方大学学术研究及学生的需求等方面,显示出更强的竞争力和灵活性。印度只有建立有效的学生支持服务体系及质量评估策略,与国外大学机构实现功能对接,才能在高等教育国际化发展中成为对外国留学生和教师流动有吸引力的国家。 相似文献
7.
20世纪80年代末,在前苏东大地上,政治转型拉开了私立高等教育兴起的序幕。本文选取了五个具有代表意义的国家——俄罗斯、匈牙利、波兰、捷克、罗马尼亚,对前苏东国家的私立高等教育作一概述。不平衡发展是前苏东国家私立高等教育的显著特点,但在科类结构、层次结构、地区结构以及师资结构上,后起的私立高等教育大同小异。就发展前景而言,前苏东国家私立高等教育都面临着来自公立高等教育的挤压和人口减少的危机,而政府决策是制约私立高等教育发展的另一个重要因素。 相似文献
8.
经过20多年的发展,中国民办高等教育已经达到了一定的规模。但目前,资金短缺仍严重制约着民办高校的可持续发展。比较中美两国私立高校筹资的现状和制度环境可以发现,美国健全的私立高等教育立法、相对完善的政府资助体系、鼓励捐赠的税收优惠政策和民办高校规范的内部管理体制是保证其筹资多元化及高效化的制度因素。鉴于此,中国政府应主动承担起对民办高校的财政和管理的责任,民办高校也应不断提高质量,以增强筹资能力。 相似文献
9.
近年来,不论是西方发达国家,还是亚洲发展中国家,均在积极地实施私立高等教育发展政策,这有力的推进了各国高等教育的普及化进程。我国私立高校起步较晚,相应的政策尚不完善,所以,他国的成功经验对我们不无启示。 相似文献
10.
11.
This study uses panel data models to analyze international indicators and examines the relationship between education finance policies and higher education access among 86 countries from 1998 to 2009. We find that public expenditure per tertiary student bears a negative association with tertiary enrollment ratios, whereas GDP per capita and public spending on education as a percentage of GDP both have a positive effect on tertiary enrollment. These results imply that for a fixed amount of total budget and rising demands for higher education, various nations have reduced spending per college student and drawn on more private resources to expand higher education access. 相似文献
12.
Tahar Abdessalem 《Prospects》2011,41(1):135-155
Like other developing countries, Tunisia has allocated increasing levels of resources to education, particularly higher education,
over the past few decades, mainly through public funding. From 2005 to 2008, public expenditure on education amounted to around
7.4% of GDP, with 2% allocated to higher education. Recently, however, budgetary constraints have increased, student enrollment
is increasing rapidly, and the country needs to improve its higher education so that graduates are more employable. In this
context, to enhance access and equity, public policy is required to define orientations and programmes to improve quality
and efficiency while reducing costs. This article first assesses public expenditure on higher education in Tunisia, with respect
to its adequacy, efficiency, and equity, and then explores the challenges posed to financing by demographic changes, the need
for higher quality of education, and private provision. It also examines some strategies for reinforcing financing, and analyzes
measures to increase private funding. 相似文献
13.
王太利 《孝感职业技术学院学报》2004,7(2):13-16
当前，我国艺术设计教育基本上沿用一个模式，尤其是高职艺术设计教育仍未从普通本科艺术教育的母体中分离出来，其特色没有完全凸现。文章以装潢艺术设计为例，通过将国内高职艺术设计教育的现状与国外及台湾地区的同类教育进行比较研究，结合艺术设计人才市场的需求，探索了办好高职艺术设计教育的改革之路。 相似文献
14.
随着我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变,高等教育需求与日俱增,优质教育资源的短缺难以满足人民群众的多样化需求。在这种背景下,民办教育由于具有机制灵活、适应市场、讲究实效的特点得到了迅速发展,成为高等教育事业的重要组成部分,但是当前我国民办高等教育管理中依然存在着不少问题。分析当前我国民办高等教育管理中的几个主要问题,并提出了民办高等教育管理的几点建议。 相似文献
15.
世界各国的教育系统都面临着诸多平衡发展的问题,而且这些挑战在全球化的作用下变得愈加严峻。中国的情况尤其如此。各国所面临的主要挑战包括:实现公平、质量与效率的平衡;通过提供公共资源和加强监管促进私立教育的发展;实现院校自治、学术自由与公共问责的平衡;实现教育系统工具与内在目的和目标的和谐统一;学习借鉴国外优秀经验与发挥本国教育制度和传统的历史优势。在考察上述这些重要政策议题时,我们必须明确以下一些问题:教育改革要实现什么样的目标?谁发起改革以及谁从中受益? 相似文献
16.
民办教育规模在同级教育中所占比例的影响因素分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
私立教育规模在同级教育中所占的比例,各国之间存在着较大的差异。经济、文化和公共政策是影响私立教育规模相对比例的因素,对国家内部和国家之间私立教育发展状况产生正面或负面影响。利用我国31个省、自治区和直辖市2002年民办教育发展状况和经济发展状况的统计数据,以各级民办教育规模在同级教育规模中所占比例为因变量,以若干经济、文化和政策因素为自变量,采用多元统计回归方法进行统计分析,结果表明,中国民办教育区域发展采取的是一种资源主导性模式或经济主导性模式,与对国外私立教育研究得出的文化主导模式和政策主导模式有一定的差别。 相似文献
17.
The financing of education has emerged as a major topic of discussion among policy makers in recent years. There is evidence that in many developing countries, governments can no longer continue to increase spending on education at the high rates characteristic in the 1960s and 1970s. The macroeconomic environment has worsened, and there is keen intersectoral competition for public funds. Thus unless educational development moves away from its present heavy dependence on public funds, the expansion of education would be frustrated. One policy option is to increase the private financing of education. In this paper, we evaluate the potential effectiveness of loans schemes as a cost recovery instrument in higher education. Essentially, loans permit students to finance the cost of their education from future income. So the effectiveness of loans would depend on the relation between costs and students' future income. It also depends on the incidence of repetition, dropout, and default, as well as on whether or not a grace period is incorporated in the loan scheme. Our simulations show that in Asia and Latin America, the potential rate of cost recovery is substantial under what appears to be bearable terms of repayment. In Francophone Africa and Anglophone Africa, however, loans schemes are unlikely to perform as well, but they would still permit a shift toward greater private financing of higher education. 相似文献
18.
Private initiatives in higher education in Kenya 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Thomas Owen Eisemon 《Higher Education》1992,24(2):157-175
Africa's higher education crisis has prompted the growth of private institutions. Enrollments are very low and in most African countries do not account for a significant proportion of university enrollments. The largest number of private institutions are in Kenya which is the subject of a case study. Private institutions provide professional training in fields of employment opportunity but also offer an education that emphasizes character building functions of higher studies. Private higher education is expensive to provide and costly to attend. Many private institutions are caught in a dilemma. They can not achieve significant efficiencies by reducing instructional costs without damage to the quality of their programs, and they are reluctant to raise tuition and accommodation charges because of the distorting effects on student recruitment. As long as public higher education is provided at low or no cost and private higher education is entirely self-supporting, the private sector will have a peripheral role in higher education in Kenya and other African countries. 相似文献
19.
Clemencia Cosentino de Cohen 《Higher Education》2003,46(1):1-35
Private education is a remarkably dynamic area of change in post-secondary education, particularly in Latin America. Evidence of growth in the number of private institutions and enrollment suggests that higher education is becoming increasingly diversified into two sectors – public and private. While this appears to be true throughout Latin America, and much of the developing world, recent evidence from Argentina casts doubt on the degree to which private sector growth trends may actually translate into a significant increase in the impact of private institutions in higher education, where impact is proxied by the relative share of student enrollment and graduates. This study explores the dimensions and impact of private expansion in Argentina, and places the findings in a comparative (regional) and theoretical framework. The analysis shows that, despite unprecedented growth in the number of private universities, the public sector remains the dominant provider of university education. Private institutions, while certainly more numerous and training a growing number of students, do not account for a larger share of university enrollment. They have, however, developed specific niches (e.g., in graduate level training and in urban areas). Significantly, following a pattern of institutional proliferation found throughout Latin America, some private universities offer elite alternatives to prestigious public institutions. The findings serve to qualify apparent `gains' in private higher education and to underscore the need for further research into the relevant intrasectoral (public and private) dimensions of change in post-secondary education. 相似文献
20.
马顺林 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2012,(1):18-22
随着高等教育的快速发展,中国民办高等教育面临着由量的扩张向内涵式发展的艰巨任务。内涵式发展对学校的软件,尤其是师资提出了更高、也更为迫切的要求;但基于各种原因,民办高校师资建设面临着诸多现实困境。笔者试图以S大学为范例,从高度重视师资建设、加大人才引进力度、实施校内人才培养、建立科研激励机制、发挥校外资源优势等方面探讨民办高校师资建设。 相似文献