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1.
清代理学的总体走势是趋向没落,然而理学者们并没有放弃为弘扬理学而努力。至嘉庆、道光时期,社会危机和学术困境为理学的复兴提供了契机。作为嘉、道年间理学大师的唐鉴应运而生,为理学在清代的复兴而力倡道统论。唐鉴富有特色的道统论在当时的理学界反响很大,对晚清政局也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

2.
方东树作为桐城派第二代的中坚人物,为晚清程朱理学之复兴做出了重大贡献。他用毕生精力研习性命、义理之学,推动了理学的发展;撰书公开攻击汉学,捍卫理学,为理学的复兴做出了贡献;他讲学授徒,游说友朋,为晚清理学的复兴争取支持力量并培育了一批理学名家。方氏的努力产生了重要而深远的影响,最终促进了晚清理学复兴的进程。  相似文献   

3.
曾国藩是我国封建社会最后的理学家,他一生躬行理学,实现了理学与经世的完美结合,他极力调和汉宋,高扬"礼"的作用,拯救穷途末路的理学,为衰微的理学在新的历史时期彰显其生命力做出了重大贡献。  相似文献   

4.
叶适的学术思想经历了由推崇理学到反对理学的重大转变,其晚年对理学的批判系统而深刻。他否定了理学的儒学正统地位,揭示了理学的本质,指出了理学的虚妄,批判了理学的极端化倾向,驳斥了理学的经义,又以完整的事功学说与理学抗衡。经过叶适的发展,南宋反理学思潮不仅在理论上走向成熟,而且在社会上也产生了广泛影响。  相似文献   

5.
湘军集团是咸同时期最为活跃、也是最有影响力的理学经世派。它的主要特点是发扬了湖湘理学"重义理、尚经世"的学风,把对程朱理学的坚定信仰和经世务实的精神融合为一体。从湖湘区域文化的角度来看,湘军集团就是用湖湘理学之长弥补了程朱理学之短,在一定程度上消解了程朱理学的流弊,并促使其在咸同年间出现一个短暂"中兴"局面。从这个意义上讲,湘军集团复兴理学的努力,可看作是对湖湘理学的传播和宣扬,堪称湖湘理学一个重要的发展阶段。  相似文献   

6.
从努尔哈赤到康熙,清初统治思想经历了一个由重武尚战、建纲立纪,到抬高理学、标榜教化的演变过程。这种演变实质上是清统治者在入关前后向中原汉文化靠拢的历史必然与明清之际理学进入批判总结思潮的学理逻辑的结合。而康熙帝为稳固统治积极提倡理学,以及一大批正统派理学家对传统理学的总结整理,则为清初最终确立理学为统治思想提供了现实条件  相似文献   

7.
宋明两代,理学为盛。理学以一种知识信仰的辐射,渗入诗中,遂有了儒者的理学诗。理学与诗歌成为宋、明士人典范的身份标志,但复古宗唐诗风弥漫下的明代理学诗自不能完全循着宋代理学诗的路数演进,其间的变化正可折射出宋明理学在不同文化生态下的诗歌体现。  相似文献   

8.
新安理学的盛衰始终,除了不断变化着的社会历史条件等外部原因外,还有着深刻的内在原因,主要表现为新安理学初始即具有的对朱子学尤其是朱熹本人的尊崇以致于迷信。这一内在原因,深刻地引导、规定和制约着新安理学的存在和发展。同样身为新安学者的戴震,以“志存闻道”为治学旨归,并通过考据学方法,揭示了程朱理学援引老庄、释氏诠释儒学经典的实质,以及因此对儒家思想所造成的巨大危害,从而在根本上颠覆了程朱理学接续孔孟道统的传统观念,消解了新安理学得以成立的思想理论依据,新安理学因此而告终结。  相似文献   

9.
程颐是理学发展史上承前启后的核心人物,其所阐发的理学思想大多离不开经学.理学是经学演变的合逻辑产物,理学以经学为根柢,同时,理学又指导并服务于经典解释.具体到程颐的理学与<春秋>学,则是在经世致用的价值观指导之下,以"理"穷经,重在以己意阐发<春秋>义理,并以理学纲常条贯<春秋>伦理,体现了与前人不同的治经取向.在其影响下,宋代<春秋>学的理学化趋势非常明显.  相似文献   

10.
从整个理学的发展过程来看,最初为理学开辟道路的,应当首推张载。张载完成了由宇宙论本体向伦理学本体的根本演变,从他开始,理学发展的轨迹基本确定了。  相似文献   

11.
Many educational theoretical approaches to cosmopolitanism tend towards an unconditional appreciation of mobility, diversity and rootlessness. The recent interest of educational philosophy in the rhizome, de-territorialization and diversity contributes to this understanding of cosmopolitanism as movement across a borderless and imperfect world. Without downplaying such insights (and related political education), this article displaces and de-temporalizes them. It takes the form of a parody of the rhizome to view those insights from a different perspective and make them strike a different pedagogical note.  相似文献   

12.
通过对小学师资队伍现状的分析,提出网络环境下小学教师应具备的基本素质并对小学师资队伍建设的途径进行探讨。  相似文献   

13.
Genotypic and environmental variation in Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Pb concentrations of grains, and the relationships between these heavy metals and Fe, Zn were investigated using 9 rice genotypes grown in 6 locations for two successive years. Significant genotypic variation was detected in the five heavy metal concentrations in grains, indicating the possibility to reduce the concentration of these heavy metals in grains through breeding approach. The environmental effect varied with metal, with Pb and Ni having greater variation than the other three metals. There was significant genotype-environment (location) interaction of the concentrations of all five heavy metals in grains, suggesting the importance of cultivar choice in producing rice with low heavy metal concentrations in grains for a given location. Correlation analysis showed that Cd and As, Cr and Ni, and As and Pb concentrations in rice grains were closely associated, and that Ni concentration in grains was negatively correlated with Zn concentration.  相似文献   

14.
报道了江西婺源地区蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans)头、体大小的两性异形.蓝尾石龙子成体体长存在显著的两性差异(雄性大于雌性),雄性个体有较大的头部(头长和头宽),雄性头部增长速率明显大于雌性,表明成年雄体分配较多的能量用于头部和身体的生长;而成年雌体则相对延缓头部的生长,以维持躯干生长,增大腹腔容纳量,可提高其繁殖输出.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Self-concept, intelligence and academic achievement were examined in students preparing to teach in primary, elementary, secondary, and special education (N = 267). The measures were the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, a group intelligence test, and school grades. Differences in self-concept, but not in intelligence and academic achievement, were found among groups of student teachers. Secondary education majors reported a more positive self-concept than primary or elementary, with special education majors reporting the least positive self-concept of all.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

For Kant, we cannot understand how to approach moral education without confronting the radical evil of humanity. But if we start out, as Kant thinks we do, from a morally corrupt state, how can we make moral progress? In response, I explore in this paper Kant’s gradualist and revolutionary accounts of moral progress. These differing accounts of progress raise two key questions in the literature: are these accounts compatible and which type of progress comes first? Against other views in the literature, I argue that gradual progress through a change of mores must come first and can gradually lead toward, as its ideal endpoint, a revolution in our disposition (or a change of heart) and the overthrowing of our radical evil. This has important implications for moral pedagogy.  相似文献   

18.
Simple, reliable and sensitive analytical methods to determine anticariogenic agents, preservatives, and artificial sweeteners contained in commercial gargles are necessary for evaluating their effectiveness, safety, and quality. An ion chromatography (IC) method has been described to analyze simultaneously eight anions including fluoride, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, monofluorophosphate, glycerophosphate (anticariogenic agents), sorbate (a preservative), and saccharin (an artificial sweetener) in gargles. In this IC system, we applied a mobile phased gradient elution with KOH, separation by IonPac AS18 columns, and suppressed conductivity detection. Optimized analytical conditions were further evaluated for accuracy. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the inter-day's retention time and peak area of all species were less than 0.938% and 8.731%, respectively, while RSDs of 5-day retention time and peak area were less than 1.265% and 8.934%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for targeted analytes ranged from 0.999 7 to 1.000 0. The spiked recoveries for the anions were 90%-102.5%. We concluded that the method can be applied for comprehensive evaluation of commercial gargles.  相似文献   

19.
In this column, the author explores current understandings of risk and safety in pregnancy and childbirth. An emphasis on risk management places the provider and hospital in control of women’s decisions related to pregnancy and birth and may make pregnancy and birth less safe for mothers and babies. Accepting that no life is risk free, women can let go of fear and make choices that take into account real, not imagined, or exaggerated risk and, in doing so, increase safety for themselves and their babies. The focus of maternity care becomes enhancing safety through evidence-based practice rather than managing risk.  相似文献   

20.
Simple, reliable and sensitive analytical methods to determine anticariogenic agents, preservatives, and artificial sweeteners contained in commercial gargles are necessary for evaluating their effectiveness, safety, and quality. An ion chromatography (IC) method has been described to analyze simultaneously eight anions including fluoride, chloride, sulfate, phosphate,monofluorophosphate, glycerophosphate (anticariogenic agents), sorbate (a preservative), and saccharin (an artificial sweetener)in gargles. In this IC system, we applied a mobile phased gradient elution with KOH, separation by IonPac AS18 columns, and suppressed conductivity detection. Optimized analytical conditions were further evaluated for accuracy. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the inter-day's retention time and peak area of all species were less than 0.938% and 8.731%, respectively,while RSDs of 5-day retention time and peak area were less than 1.265% and 8.934%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for targeted analytes ranged from 0.999 7 to 1.000 0. The spiked recoveries for the anions were 90%~102.5%. We concluded that the method can be applied for comprehensive evaluation of commercial gargles.  相似文献   

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