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何为艾滋病艾滋病的医学名称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症，是一种由病毒引起的传染病。１９８３年法国学者和美国学者相继从患者体内分离出这种病毒；１９８６年将其命名为人免疫缺陷病毒，并将该传染病命名为获得性免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS），俗称艾滋病。由于患者的免疫系统被病毒破坏，因此，凡是长期发热、消瘦、盗汗、乏力、慢性腹泻，并有不明原因的多处淋巴结慢性肿大者，都可怀疑是否得了艾滋病，应立即进行血液检查。艾滋病的传播途径艾滋病的传播从根本上说只有两个要素，第一是病毒携带者排出了体液（血液、精液和唾液等其他分泌物）… 相似文献
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《中国科教创新导刊》2001,(9)
自１９８１年第一份艾滋病报告问世至今，艾滋病大有肆虐全球之势，人们谈“艾”色变，称之为世纪瘟疫。艾滋病全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征，英文缩写为ＡＩＤＳ（ＡｃｑｕｉｒｅｄＩｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙＳｙｎ-ｄｒｏｍｅ），由人类免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ，ＨｕｍａｎＩｍ-ｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙＶｉｒｕｓ）侵入人体而引发。ＨＩＶ攻击和杀伤人体免疫系统的细胞，使机体逐步丧失基本的防御能力。艾滋病患者最终可能患上由各种病毒和细菌引发的伺机性感染（ＯｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｓｔｉｃＩｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ）疾病，而健康的… 相似文献
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预防艾滋病中学生不是局外人○○○四川省雅安中学（６２５０００）丁钉○○○○○○四川省名山二中（６２５１００）胡军○○○１９９６年７月，联合国同艾滋病作斗争计划署和世界卫生组织公布了一组令人忧虑的最新统计数据。目前，地球上每分钟有５个以上的人染上艾滋病... 相似文献
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艾滋病(AIDS)是威胁人类生命健康的重大传染疾病之一。艾滋病作为一种死亡率极高的疾病，目前虽然尚未有完全治愈的药物，也未研制出有效的疫苗，但却可以预防。艾滋病的传播主要与个人的观念及行为密切相关．中学开展预防艾滋病教育能够培养青少年健康的生活方式，增强他们对不良生活行为和高危行为的抵御能力。因此可以说，教育是预防艾滋病最好的疫苗。 相似文献
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人体内有一个抵抗病菌侵袭的免疫系统。艾滋病病毒会破坏这个免疫系统,使人体丧失对病菌的防御能力,而易被各种病菌感染。感染艾滋病病毒后,不会立即发病,要经过5～10年的潜伏期才会发病。发病前称为艾滋病病毒感染者,发病后称为艾滋病病人。艾滋病病毒感染者从外表上看起来与健康人没什么两样,同健康人一样工作和生活,但已经有了传染性。艾滋病的传播方式血液传播 最直接的感染是被输入了含有艾滋病病毒的血液或血液制品,使接受输血的人感染上艾滋病病毒。与感染了艾滋病病毒的人共用一个针头静脉吸毒,会感染上艾滋病病毒。使用被艾滋病病… 相似文献
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华智亚 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007,35(6):727-731
自愿咨询和检测是艾滋病防控工作的切入点和枢纽,但现实情况并不理想,人们一般不愿去进行艾滋病毒检测。通过对一个艾滋病专题BBS的互动内容和结构分析,发现时艾滋病及其传播途经了解的不足、对检测结果的恐惧、艾滋病污名带来的心理压力以及具体检测知识的缺乏是阻碍人们尤其是有过高危经历的人进行艾滋病病毒检测的主要因素;而通过参与BBS互动,人们可以获得有关艾滋病及其传播的科学知识,可以获得艾滋病检测的具体信息,并且可以获得心理和情感的支持,这些都有利于推动人们进行艾滋症检测。 相似文献
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1996年12月30日出版的美国《时代》周刊登载了该刊评选1996年度风云人物的结果。出人意料的是，该刊一反常态，评选出的风云人物不再是政治家，而是创立“鸡尾酒疗法”治疗艾滋病的美籍华裔科学家何大一博士，使他成为1960年以来首位当选《时代》周刊年度风云人物的科学亥，艾滋病（AIDS）是一种由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的全身性疾病。其可怕之处，不仅在于至今仍缺治疗良方而被称为“世纪绝症”、“超级癌症”，更在于它惊人的传播速度。自从1981年6月5日美国首次报告5例艾滋病例以来，截止到1996年6月底，估计全球已波及193个国… 相似文献
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目的了解泰州市艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）人群的分布特征,为针对各类求询人员采取有效的防治措施提供信息和依据。方法对2011年全市VCT门诊求询者的基本信息及艾滋病病毒检测情况进行统计分析。结果2011年泰州1市各级VCT门诊的求询者共4174人,HIV感染率为0．29％（12／4135）。求询者以18—49岁青壮年为主,男女检测比例为1．73：1,男性HIV感染率显著高于女性。求询者类型主要以有商业异性性行为史者为主,有男男性行为史求询者的HIV感染率最高。结论泰州市艾滋病传播途径以性传播为主,高龄化HIV感染人群有增多化趋势;应进一步合理利用咨询点资源,将VCT服务与重点人群的高危行为干预工作结合起来,尽早发现HIV感染者,减少二代传播。 相似文献
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运用结构方程模型探寻边疆少数民族大学生民族认同和民族区分的关系。采用大学生民族认同问卷对265名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现：①民族认同和民族区分之间存在显著的正相关关系（P〈0.05或P〈0.01或P〈0.001）;②汉族和少数民族学生对本民族之外的民族区分态度和行为差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;③民族认同对民族区分有直接而显著的预测作用（P〈0.05或P〈0.001）。由此可见：个体对本民族（中华民族）的高度认同和外民族（国外民族）的低区分联系在一起;民族认同的排他性（民族区分）受个体所处的情境以及个体间的竞争性等因素影响。 相似文献
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目的：通过对广州市越秀区男同性恋人群艾滋病相关知识、高危行为及感染状况的调查,为针对该人群开展艾滋病预防工作提供参考.方法：与非政府组织（岭南伙伴健康支持中心）合作,在广州市越秀区动员征集852名男同性恋者进行调查.结果：852名调查对象中,53.9％为20～29岁的青壮年;96.6％知晓艾滋病两种以上传播途径;而近3个月发生同性性行为时每次安全套使用率为25.4％;出现过性病相关症状者为6.0％,其中仅56.9％的人到综合医院或性病门诊就诊;人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率为3.99％,梅毒感染率为3.05％.结论：广州市越秀区该人群HIV传播途径知晓率较高,但高危行为仍普遍存在,艾滋病性病感染率高. 相似文献
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Sex education takes place in a wide range of contexts including through the media. Media use among young men who have sex with men is high and gender identity and sexual orientation are topics often integrated into today’s media. Little is known about young men who have sex with men’s perceptions of how the media frames messages about gender identity and sexual orientation and the implications these messages have on HIV prevention. A greater understanding of young men who have sex with men’s perceptions of media framing about gender identity and sexual orientation is needed to ensure prevention efforts reach those most impacted by HIV. Focus groups were conducted with forty-two African American men who have sex with men, aged 18–21, living in the Southeastern USA. Thematic analysis revealed that participants reported using the Internet and television to access gender identity and sexual orientation information. Participants felt that the media’s framing of gender identity and sexual orientation only worsened HIV-related stigma and discrimination. Findings illustrate the important role that media can play in educating about gender identity and sexual orientation and the implications this framing has for HIV prevention. 相似文献
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笪林梅 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2014,(2):28-30
为了保障物联网信息安全,文章通过技术手段和管理方法,提出了一些物联网信息安全策略。基于射频识别技术和无线传输安全隐患,采用身份认证、访问控制、入侵检测和自我修复等节点安全技术,限制数据包发送速度及传输次数和引入可信匿名认证机制等传输安全技术,加强密钥管理,促进技术研发。基于物联网缺乏安全管理平台和法律保障体系等安全问题,提出加强物联网管理,实施立法保护。 相似文献
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Linda van der Knaap 《Sex education》2013,13(4):406-420
Young people living with HIV are challenged when it comes to exploring their sexuality. Their sex education is hampered by the fact that their preferences and attitudes towards sexual behaviour are little known about. In this study from the Netherlands, Q-methodology was used to identify sizeable and meaningful sub-groups sharing common attitudes and viewpoints. Thirty of 48 eligible HIV-positive young people aged 12–21 years treated in one of the four Dutch HIV centres rank-ordered 45 statements on the topic. Thereafter, they explained their ranking. By-person factor analysis identified five distinct sexual behaviour profiles (SBPs): (a) safer sex & disclosure to steady partner; (b) motivated by faith and culture; (c) disclosure to good friends, values peer support; (d) conscientious, worries about disclosure and future; (e) self-confident, faith and family are important. Profiles differ in terms of the roles of culture and religion, the influence of family and friends, personal views about disclosure of HIV status, knowing the transmission mode, and viral load. Study results indicate that different approaches to sexual health education are required based on these different orientations. Q-sorts and SBPs may be helpful in discussing sexual behaviour with HIV-positive young people and in developing tailored strategies to meet their interests and needs. 相似文献
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Larry D. Icard John B. Jemmott III Anne Teitelman Ann O’Leary G. Anita Heeren 《Child abuse & neglect》2014
HIV/AIDS prevalence in South Africa is one of the highest in the world with heterosexual, transmission predominantly promoting the epidemic. The goal of this study is to examine whether, marijuana use and problem drinking mediate the relationship between histories of childhood sexual, abuse (CSA) and HIV risk behaviors among heterosexual men. Participants were 1181 Black men aged, 18–45 from randomly selected neighborhoods in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Audio computer assisted, self-interviewing was used to assess self-reported childhood sexual abuse, problem drinking, and marijuana (dagga) use, and HIV sexual transmission behavior with steady and casual partners. Data were analyzed using multiple meditational modeling. There was more support for problem, drinking than marijuana use as a mediator. Findings suggest that problem drinking and marijuana use, mediate HIV sexual risk behaviors in men with histories of CSA. Focusing on men with histories of CSA, and their use of marijuana and alcohol may be particularly useful for designing strategies to reduce, HIV sexual transmission in South Africa. 相似文献
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Michaela D. E. Meyer 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(3):262-276
Television criticism frequently focuses on the deconstruction of individual representations in texts, a practice that privileges specific characters rather than relationships among characters. This paper examines the usefulness of fictional television relationships for adolescent sexual identity formation by examining Dawson's Creek for its construction of gay character Jack McPhee. Jack's sexual identity is constructed and modified through dialectical tensions in his relationship with Jen Lindley, ultimately allowing him to express sexual identity in terms of acceptance rather than in terms of political or legal rights. This difference in narrative form illuminates potential differences between the formation of adult and adolescent sexual identity. Examining ethnographic work on gay men and their use of fictional media combined with a close reading of Dawson's Creek for sexual identity construction, this paper ultimately argues that fictional representations could serve as a template from which gay adolescents enact personal relationships. It also calls for critical media scholars to examine positive aspects of television representations. 相似文献
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HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk-behaviors among African-American and Caribbean college women 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kisha Braithwaite Veronica G. Thomas 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2001,23(2):115-129
The HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and sexualrisk-taking behaviors of a sample ofAfrican-American and Caribbean college wereinvestigated. The study also explored therelationship between the women's self-esteem,self-efficacy, sexual communication, andreligiosity and their HIV knowledge, attitudes,and risk behaviors. Findings revealed thatwhile both groups of women were fairlyknowledgeable about HIV/AIDS transmission andprevention, their sexual risk-taking behaviorswere still relatively high. TheAfrican-American women were more knowledgeableabout HIV/AIDS than were the Caribbean women. Also, the African-American women engaged insignificantly fewer sexual risk-takingbehaviors than their Caribbean femalecounterparts. No significant cultural groupdifferences emerged on attitudes towardHIV/AIDS as a disease, HIV infected persons,and AIDS-related issues. A number ofsignificant correlations were found. The studyconcludes that HIV/AIDS counseling andprevention approaches that are ethnic,cultural, and gender appropriate are vital forincreasing both cognitive and behavioralchanges in culturally diverse young women. 相似文献
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Paul Chappell 《Sex education》2016,16(4):405-417
Various health promotion strategies have been implemented in South Africa aiming to encourage young people to talk about issues of sexuality and HIV with their parents/caregivers. Although parent/caregiver sexual communication may be an effective method of influencing sexual behaviour and curbing the incidence of HIV, very little is known about how young people with disabilities in South Africa communicate about these traditionally difficult subjects with their parents/caregivers. Based on findings from a participatory study conducted amongst 15–20-year-old Zulu-speaking youth with physical and visual disabilities, this paper explores how they perceive youth–parent/caregiver communication about sexuality and HIV. Using Foucauldian discourse analysis, the paper outlines how disabled youth–parent/caregiver sexual communication is governed by cultural customs, sexual secrecy and constructs of innocence. It also argues that the experiences and perceptions of young people with disabilities are critical to the development of future interventions to assist parents/caregivers develop communication strategies that help disabled young people make sense of sexual behaviour. 相似文献