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1.
Eike Emrich Martin Hämmerle Christoph Behrens Tim Meyer Christian Pierdzioch 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(4):560-572
While much research has been done to analyze whether socioeconomic status influences prosocial behavior in the form of donations, no consensus has yet emerged in the relevant literature. We contribute to this research by studying, based on a dataset from a questionnaire of volunteers of sports clubs in Palatinate (part of Rhineland–Palatinate, Germany) whether social status affects donations. We measured social status of volunteers of sports clubs along the dimensions income, vocation, education and we considered status crystallization. Results showed that social status has a positive effect on the likelihood of donations. We report similarities and differences across different categories of donations (donations to one’s own sports club, to other clubs, to aid projects, and political parties). 相似文献
2.
Creative ideas are the driving force behind knowledge production, the producers of which are generally domesticated at universities for the purposes of ensuring the methodological credibility of the knowledge produced, in order to minimise the impact of chance in the creation of new knowledge. The status of producers is determined by indicators designed to simulate the demand for knowledge, precipitate a quantitative and qualitative comparison of elements which are not comparable, and establish legitimacy for the means of control used. Furthermore, incentives for competitive sport research and the symbolic recognition of scientists via sport practice play a particular role for knowledge production in sports science. In order to compensate for the practical world’s unwillingness to pay for sports science expertise relevant to competitive sport, the German Federal Institute of Sports Science (BISp) functions as a simulator of demand for knowledge generated by universities, while the Institute for Applied Training Science with its services exclusively available to umbrella organisations limits the range of incentives to produce (competitive) sporting knowledge. Sports scientists are thus faced with a market situation which favours routine research and standard methods, creates legitimacy at a central level, does not necessarily tackle actual issues faced by (competitive) athletes, stimulates demand for monitoring services, and all in all leaves monoculture-driven gaps which could most likely only be avoided by advocating and applying individual scope for action throughout the research ethos. 相似文献
3.
This article provides a systematised review of relevant factors influencing youth dropout from organised football. The findings of identified 30 studies concerning dropout behaviour in football indicate the multidimensional influences of intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural factors. Most studies investigate the influence of intrapersonal factors. Accordingly, negatively perceived football competence, lack of motivation, goals and incentives and a lower relative age lead to a higher dropout rate. At the interpersonal level, lack of support from significant others (parents, peers, coach) and a disadvantageous team situations promote withdrawal from organised youth football. A lack of organisational and structural conditions promote dropout too. Based on this review, the following identified research gaps should be addressed in future studies: (1) analysis of individuals’ dropout decision as a selection of available alternatives, (2) referencing to corresponding contextual features of dropout behaviour, (3) the longitudinal perspective at dropout behaviour and (4) the perspective of intervention. Furthermore, some practical implications can be derived for the management of youth members in football clubs: (1) strengthen and develop successive coaching competencies, (2) reflection of own club philosophy against the background of divergent expectations of adolescents, (3) measures to promote identification with the football club and (4) anchoring of orientation regarding to young players as a central objective in the club. 相似文献
4.
Christopher Huth 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(1):69-78
The organization of individual sports into leagues has received little attention in research, but its practical relevance has increased. This article aims to elucidate the role of competitive balance and league design elements in a sports league with less spectator demand from a player perspective. The analysis focuses on the reformed German Golf League. Because this league is an amateur league with no payment for players and currently few spectators, a change in perspective is appropriate. The empirical results of the stated preference approach highlight the relevance of perceived competitive balance as well as several league characteristics for the players. The findings thus show that governing bodies of sports leagues should focus on both the development of an optimal league design and soft aspects to deliver attractive and challenging competition from a player’s perspective. 相似文献
5.
Professional competency of sport and exercise coaches has been conceptualised differently depending on the theoretical and methodical approach taken. To date, no model of professional coaching competency has been agreed upon. The aim of this study was to develop a competency model for sport coaches drawing on well-known competency models developed in the context of teacher education and to empirically assess parts of the model. We developed an initial pool of 295 multiple choice items and administered them to a sample of 531 youths (mean age: 16.2 years) directly after they had completed the German Football Association’s (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) “Junior Coach in Schule und Verein” (Junior Coach for Schools and Clubs) training programme. Results of analyses of one-, two-, five-, and six-dimensional models by means of Rasch scaling indicate that the data are best represented by either a two- or a five-dimensional model depending on the fit criteria chosen. While content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge are presented in the two-dimensional model, the five-dimensional model allows discrimination among football-specific content knowledge, basic content knowledge of training science, basic content knowledge of first aid and pedagogical content knowledge of planning training sessions and instructional/methodological pedagogical knowledge. Further investigation should be made into the suitability of competency models developed in the context of teacher evaluation for modelling the competency of sport coaches and into the extent to which such models can be extrapolated to various sports. 相似文献
6.
Kristina Brümmer 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(3):358-365
This paper deals with video-based match and performance analysis in high-performance youth football. It draws on empirical material gathered during ethnographic research conducted with two teams organized within the framework of the youth academy of a German First Division football club. The material is analysed from a perspective inspired by sociological practice theories as well as the theoretical concept of subjectivation. The paper investigates the different contexts and practices of training in which videos occur and sheds light on their implications for the organization of play as well as for the development of players and coaches. Using long-term participatory observations and narratively designed qualitative interviews, it is revealed that videos serve different and heterogeneous purposes within different practices. Thus, this paper details not only the intended and obvious effects of video analysis, such as the optimization of play and training, but also its unintended and widely ignored side effects. 相似文献
7.
Christoph Behrens Eike Emrich Martin Hämmerle Christian Pierdzioch 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(1):89-98
Recent studies have found a positive link between match quality, i.?e., the congruence of motives for doing volunteer work and the actual experiences, and the satisfaction of volunteers. We studied determinants of match quality based on data of volunteers in sports clubs from Rhineland–Palatinate. We found that match quality is positively correlated with different forms of support and recognition by sports clubs, whereas support by the employer plays only a minor role. We furthermore found path dependencies: previously gained skills and the question who or what affected the initial decision of doing volunteer work influence match quality. Match quality is lower if a lack of volunteers is perceived within a club. On average, match quality is higher for volunteers who do operative work than for volunteers in executive positions. 相似文献
8.
Injuries—a major concern in a high-intensity contact sport like football—are associated with possible short- and long-term harmful consequences for the individual, the team and club as well as for the whole society. Consequently, there is need for effective injury prevention in football at all levels of play, in all age groups and in both genders. The present review summarizes the current scientific evidence focusing on exercise-based injury prevention and presenting promising prevention strategies in different football populations and settings. There is convincing evidence that multimodal exercise-based injury prevention programs (IPP) can reduce injury incidence by more than 30% in athletes of different age groups and in both genders. Although relevant effects have already been shown for short sessions, increased frequency and regular integration into normal practice may increase efficacy up to an injury reduction of 50%. Most programs last about 15?min and can easily replace traditional warm-up programs. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that IPP beneficially affect neuromuscular performance parameters and biomechanical movement characteristics, which are associated with injury risk. There remains, however, a major gap between research on the short-term efficacy and long-term intervention strategies. IPP should be implemented continuously and with high fidelity as training effects are transient. It is crucial that future studies report implementation components in detail in order to facilitate the replication of successful interventions. 相似文献
9.
The article describes the development of a questionnaire based on self-determination theory for 9- to 13-year-old children engaging in extracurricular sports. To our knowledge there are no German-language instruments that can be used to record the promotion of the three psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness, the degree of satisfaction and the resulting self-determined motivation. Therefore, the aim of this research is the development of a efficient, German-language questionnaire measuring the aforementioned constructs. The result is a questionnaire of 30 items including two need-support scales, three need-satisfaction scales and four scales regarding the motivational orientation. The scales extracted by factor analysis show satisfying internal consistencies. Preliminary construct validation is reported concerning individual vs. team sports for the need-support and need-satisfaction scales as well as proof of the simplex structure concerning motivational orientation. 相似文献
10.
Carmen Borggrefe 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(3):447-450
Despite the increasing pressure both at the political level and in the media to place competitive video games (so-called esports) under the umbrella of club and federation sport, the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) and its member associations have all reason to reject any such incorporation: competitive computer games can be neither identified nor defined by their motor activity; they run counter to the health and educational benefits of sport, thus jeopardising sport’s social legitimacy; and they exhibit no organisational structures that meet the requirements of club and federation sport. The article reflects the current stance of sports federations in dealing with esport and recommends that federation sport adopts a clear strategy of demarcation. 相似文献
11.
本文采用调查法、文献资料法等研究方法,在分析国内体育俱乐部教学开展现状、国内高校校园网络教学学习平台建设以及网络教育现状的基础上,针对学校体育俱乐部教学改革现状进行调查分析,从而建设校园体育网络教学系统开发。通过对体育俱乐部网络平台开发运用的实践案例进行研究。发现教学中运用网络教学系统对提高体育俱乐部教学水平有显著的效果。能够提高学生活动自主性、增强学生锻炼兴趣,同时体育俱乐部与网络教学系统相结合的教学模式可为各高校的体育教学改革提供参考借鉴与理论依据。 相似文献
12.
Mark A. Griffiths Kathleen M. Armour Christopher J. Cushion 《Sport, Education and Society》2018,23(3):283-295
This paper reports data from the evaluation of a coach education programme provided by a major national governing body of sport (NGB) in the UK. The programme was designed for youth sport coaches based on research evidence that suggests that CPD is most effective in supporting practitioner learning when it is interactive, collaborative and located in practice. At the same time, the NGB was keen to ensure that in order to meet the objectives of the organisation, there was some consistency in delivery across the various practice sites. The research aimed to investigate how the original CPD programme was enacted across eight professional sports clubs, and to understand how professional knowledge was interpreted and negotiated between participants at the NGB and sports club levels. Over a 2-year period, data were collected from a series of focus groups and extended individual semi-structured interviews. Participants were 7 senior managers, 8 coach educators, 8 Academy club directors and 12 sports club coaches. Data were initially analysed inductively and, drawing on the theoretical work of Bernstein [(1999). Vertical and horizontal discourse: An essay. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 20(2), 157–173, (2000). Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity: Theory, research, critique (Rev. ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield], illustrate the numerous ways in which programme knowledge was interpreted, facilitated and blocked at different levels of the organisation. The paper adds new insights into the complexities of coach education settings and the inherent challenges faced when attempting to ‘roll out’ a coach education intervention – even when it is ‘evidence-based’. 相似文献
13.
大学体育俱乐部课程思政建设是课程思政建设在体育领域的有益尝试,拓宽了体育课程思政建设的育人范围。运用文献资料法与辩证分析法,以"三全育人"为切入点,分析"课程思政"理念提出的现实背景,在阐释大学体育俱乐部课程思政建设的学理基础之上提出践行路径。研究表明,大学体育俱乐部课程思政建设的学理基础包括大学体育俱乐部课程思政的目标性、大学体育俱乐部课程思政的实践性、大学体育俱乐部课程思政的可为性。提出制度主导与价值引领相结合、专业教学与系统育人相结合、常规路径与方式创新相结合、教学实践与理论探究相结合、课程设计与德育规律相结合的大学体育俱乐部课程思政推进的践行路径,以充分发挥大学体育俱乐部课程思政"拔节孕穗"的积极作用,助力大学生培养正确的人生观、价值观与世界观,促使大学生在价值引领、知识传授与能力提升的一体化建设中实现自身全面发展。 相似文献
14.
我国社区体育健身俱乐部发展现状研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对近十年来我国社区体育俱乐部发展现状研究进行了综述,结果表明:现阶段对体育俱乐部的研究的文章较多,对社区体育俱乐部的研究的文章较少;对理论性研究较多,对实践性研究极少;对全局性、整体性研究较多,而对某个省或地区的社区体育健身俱乐部运行机制的全面深入的研究极少。 相似文献
15.
This contribution reviews existing research on media coverage of doping in Germany. Based on a keyword search, 22 works were identified. The review aims to provide a survey of the state of the art in terms of questions addressed, methods and results as well as blind spots and methodological deficits. Moreover, directions for future research are outlined. Although research is characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, central results can be presented following the influential approach of Bette and Schimank. In accordance with their ideas media coverage of doping is characterized by scandalization, personalization and moralization. However, shortfalls of theoretical perspective and methodological shortcomings are noted. These deficits serve as an inspiration for future research. 相似文献
16.
As volunteerism occurs in an organizational context, both individual factors and organizational characteristics affect (potential) volunteers in sports clubs. Whereas a number of researchers have studied individual-level determinants, knowledge on the role of organizational-level factors is limited. Based on the concept of organizational capacity, in the present study, the authors investigate whether and how human resources, financial, and structural capacities of sports clubs influence individual voluntary engagement. Using data from German football and track and field clubs (n = 296) and their members (n = 1222), the effects of organizational capacity on voluntary engagement within two subsamples, adult members and parents of underage members, are examined. The results of multi-level mixed effects regression analyses show that all capacity dimensions are significantly associated with voluntary engagement of both adult members and parents of underage members. A larger number of members and a greater share of volunteers reduce the amount of time a volunteer devotes to voluntary work; adult members are less likely to volunteer when their club has a balanced budget; and strategic planning increases the likelihood of individuals to volunteer informally. Overall, the results support the notion that the organizational context is more relevant to volunteering of adult members than individual characteristics and equally relevant to parents of underage members. Managerial implications to facilitate volunteering, such as shifting club goals towards youth development and sports for all provision, are discussed. 相似文献
17.
定向越野社团教学模式是受定向越野运动和体育社团对青少年健康的影响,启发和产生了构建定向越野社团教学模式的理论框架。通过相关理论研究发现,定向越野运动项目符合青少年年龄特点的需要,社团教学模式能够促进青少年全面的发展,构建定向越野社团教学模式能够顺应素质教育的号召。对定向越野社团教学模式的指导思想、设置目的、课程结构、教学大纲以及教学模式的组织实施计划等进行细致的设计。 相似文献
18.
The general purpose of this systematic review was to study the effectiveness of off-court perceptual–cognitive training interventions in nonnovice, interactive sport athletes. We looked at task-specific practice effects and, more importantly, the transfer of effects. Databases used for the literature search were PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. In all, 16 studies were found to be eligible for this review. These studies were independently evaluated by four reviewers for methodological quality and their evidence for specific practice effects and transfer effects. The effectiveness was analyzed with respect to the level of transfer, i.?e., from training-task-specific effects to near-transfer (e.?g., a similar perceptual task), further-transfer (e.?g., a sensorimotor sports skill), and far-transfer (e.?g., competition performance) intervention effects. Analyses of the 16 included studies suggest that around 60% of the training-specific measures tested after off-court practicing perceptual–cognitive training in sports athletes signal performance enhancement. However, transfer, be it near, further or far, is mostly not studied empirically; if studied, there is currently only limited and weak evidence for intermediate and far transfer. To reason that perceptual–cognitive off-court training interventions are ineffective might be premature at this point of time as methodological quality can still be improved and only a very limited number of studies actually included transfer variables. In those few studies integrating transfer variables, results are mixed and inconsistent. Future work should focus on critical factors to assure transfer of perceptual–cognitive training interventions. 相似文献
19.
Since the time of state socialism, Hungarian sport has been totally financed by the state. Therefore, Hungarian soccer and sponsorship market is a relatively new and unexplored subject of research in the field of sports sponsorship, as most studies so far have focused on the major European soccer leagues. The main objective of this paper, focusing on the Hungarian soccer sponsorship market, was to evaluate the range of soccer sponsorship objectives and the range of evaluation tools that sponsors use to measure the effectiveness of their sponsorships. A combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research methods served as the methodological foundation of this study. In the quantitative phase, representatives of the sponsor companies (n=103) were asked to rate the importance of the sponsorship objectives and the importance of the evaluation techniques used to measure the effectiveness of their sponsorships. The results of this study have implications for the sports sponsorship industry, the Hungarian soccer club sponsors, and the sport properties too. According to the research results, many of the Hungarian sponsor companies have failed to assess the effectiveness of sponsorship in meeting their objectives. The research can be used to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of soccer sponsorship in Hungary. 相似文献
20.
以长三角地区户外运动俱乐部为研究对象,运用文献调查法、专家咨询法和调查问卷法,对长三角地区的户外运动俱乐部发展现状进行实证研究,发现户外运动俱乐部市场准入、户外运动俱乐部市场监管、户外运动俱乐部本身的运营能力以及户外运动事故处理都处于无序状态,据此笔者分别从提高市场准入标准、健全监管机制、提高品牌溢价能力、建立应急管理机制提出对策,期望对长三角地区乃至我国户外运动俱乐部的有序发展有所帮助。 相似文献