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1.
Janice E. Williams 《Psychology in the schools》1996,33(2):159-162
Test anxiety among academically talented high school students (N = 103) was explored in this study. Two components of test anxiety were assessed: a cognitive component (worry) and a physiological component (emotionality). The results indicated that these students suffered from test anxiety, and that higher anxiety was related to lower science performance. Overall, females reported more test anxiety than did males. Whereas females experienced higher worry than emotionality, males reported little difference between the two anxiety components. Implications for college-bound students are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
2.
Gökçe Erturan-Ilker 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2014,30(4):365-379
Using Self Determination as a framework, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between basic psychological needs, motivational regulations, self-esteem, subjective vitality, and social physique anxiety in physical education. One thousand and eighty two high school students aged between 14 and 19 [mean (M) = 15.89 ± 0.95 years] from six public high schools participated to the study. Students’ basic psychological needs: motivational regulations, subjective vitality and self-esteem served as positive indicators, while social physique anxiety was a negative indicator of psychological well-being. Structural equation modelling results revealed that students’ motivational regulations mediated the relationship between basic psychological needs and psychological well-being. Intrinsic motivation negatively predicted social physique anxiety and positively predicted subjective vitality. Amotivation positively predicted social physique anxiety and negatively predicted subjective vitality. Identified regulation and external regulation positively predicted subjective vitality. Results supported the tenets of Self Determination Theory (SDT) and suggested that satisfying adolescents’ basic psychological needs in physical education will promote their psychological well-being. 相似文献
3.
The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of students who report themselves as highly test anxious in a sample of English secondary schools and whether this proportion differed by gender. Self-report test anxiety data were collected from 2435 secondary school students in 11 schools. Results showed that 16.4% of the sample reported themselves to be highly test anxious, with the proportion significantly higher in female students (22.5%) than male students (10.3%). Moderate gender differences were present in the worry and tension components of test anxiety and small differences in the social derogation component. While not all highly test anxious students might be at risk of underperformance and disengagement from school and academic activities, there may still be a sizable group of students who would benefit from specific support and intervention. 相似文献
4.
目的：考察父母依恋对大学生身心适应的影响机制。方法：应用自编大学生父母依恋问卷、自尊量表、信赖他人量表、青少年自主性问卷、领悟社会支持量表、自编身心适应量表对重庆、四川、浙江2471名大学生进行测查。结果：（1）父母依恋的年级差异不显著;（2）男、女生父母依恋存在显著的性别差异;（3）一年级的身心适应水平显著好于其他年级;（4）身心适应的性别差异不显著;（5）父母依恋对自尊、信任他人、自主性、社会支持感知、身心适应有积极影响;（6）父母依恋以自尊、信任他人、自主性、社会支持感知为中介对身心适应产生积极影响。结论：父母依恋首先以自尊、信任他人为中介,然后通过自主性、社会支持感知的中介作用对身心适应产生间接影响。 相似文献
5.
The current study uses survey methods to understand how US college students' use of various types of social media, such as social networking websites and text messaging on smart phones, as well as consumption of traditional media, such as watching television and reading books for pleasure, is (or is not) related to intellectual cognitive processing and performance in school. The current results, which were based on a number of multiple regression analyses, revealed college students’ use of traditional media appears to be a significant and viable predictor of both college students’ grade point averages (GPAs) and their levels of need for cognition (NFC). On the other hand, college students’ use of socially interactive technologies appears to be wholly unrelated to college students’ GPAs and their levels of NFC. Implications of these findings, both in terms of the relationships among social and traditional media use and success at school as well as relationships among shifts in young people's media use habits and possible related shifts in their levels of cognitive processing, are explored. 相似文献
6.
为了解初中生考试焦虑和自尊、成就动机的现状及关系,为初中生的心理健康干预提供依据,通过问卷调查法对300位初中生的自尊、成就动机和考试焦虑状况进行测查。结果发现:初中生追求成功的动机明显高于避免失败的动机;追求成功的动机越高的人,考试焦虑程度越高,而避免失败程度越高的人,考试焦虑也相应较高;自尊水平越低的人,考试焦虑程度越高;自尊、追求成功的动机能在一定程度上预测考试焦虑。 相似文献
7.
目的：师范类大学生自尊与特质焦虑的关系。方法：随机选取540名大学生,采用自尊量表（SES）以及特制焦虑量表（STAI）进行调查。结果：师范学生总体的特质焦虑分布为43.97±7.579,自尊分布为28.94±4.194,师范生特质焦虑与自尊在性别与生源上没有显著的差异,在年级维度存在显著差异;师范生特质焦虑与自尊水平间存在中等程度负相关,相关性显著,特质焦虑为自变量可解释自尊变化中的34.1%。结论：师范生特质焦虑在不同年级间存在一定的波动,自尊水平会随之产生相应的变化;师范生特质焦虑作为一种人格特质对其自尊水平显著的预测作用。 相似文献
8.
Andreas Brouzos Stephanos P. Vassilopoulos Antigone Vlachioti Vasiliki Baourda 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(1):31-43
To facilitate students’ transition into secondary school, a coping-oriented group program was designed. Pre- and posttest data from three intervention groups conducted over the course of 5 weeks were combined for a total of 56 sixth-grade students waiting to undergo school transition. There was also a test–retest control group (n = 26). Results indicate that completion of the intervention led to a significant decrease on scales measuring self-reported social anxiety symptoms. There was also a significant increase in intervention participants’ self-reported self-esteem, likeability, adherence to social rules, and frequency of active coping strategies, compared with the control group. Furthermore, a regression analysis showed that change in the self-reported use of active coping strategies predicted change in social anxiety symptoms for the intervention group. However, no significant change in self-reported use of passive-avoidant coping was observed. We conclude that facilitating effective coping with stress may provide a highly beneficial perspective toward designing transition groups, that may also lead to a significant reduction in social anxiety symptoms in adolescents waiting to undergo secondary school transition. 相似文献
9.
This study examined relations among attachment to parents and peers, cognitive ability, psychosocial functioning variables, and academic achievement in a multiethnic sample of college students (n = 357). A small subgroup (14.8%) of students reported low levels of attachment to both parents and peers. Significant positive correlations were documented between parent and peer attachment and several indices of psychosocial competence. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that indices of cognitive ability were significant predictors of college students' grade point averages, while broader measures of functioning in early adulthood (attachment, intellectual ability, self‐esteem) were significant predictors of scholastic competence. Results suggest that perceived attachment to both parents and peers is a component of wider patterns of social competence and adjustment that may function as protective or compensatory factors during key transitions in young adulthood, such as participation in college, and with its attendant demands for academic achievement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Ken R. Lodewyk 《教育心理学》2018,38(4):487-501
Trait personality has been associated with achievement and many of its related outcomes in settings such as education, health, physical activity and sport. Scant trait personality research has been performed among school-age students in physical education, so this study investigates relations between the six-dimension (HEXACO) model of trait personality and anxiety, self-efficacy and intentions to exercise as a function of gender in 316 high school physical education students. Students completed validated measures of these constructs. Results revealed that trait personality (particularly the social self-esteem aspect of extraversion) predicted lower anxiety and higher self-efficacy and intentions to exercise in both females and males. Openness to experience was predictive of both anxiety and lowered self-efficacy in females. It appears that physical educators should consider the role of the HEXACO personality traits and sub-traits in their students and potentially differentiate instruction to better accommodate students who are more vulnerable. From this study, it appears that students who are less extraverted and females who are more open to experience may be at be more at risk for anxiety and lower self-efficacy in physical education which may compromise their intentions to exercise. 相似文献
11.
This study aimed at establishing if the level of performance of 500 Jamaican Grade 11 students on an achievement test on the concept of respiration was satisfactory (mean=28 or 70% and above) or not (<70%); if there were statistically significant differences in their performance on the concept linked to their gender, cognitive abilities in biology, self-esteem, school location, socioeconomic background (SEB), school-type and school location; and if there were significant relationships among the six variables and the students’ performance. The sample (n=500) consisted of 212 boys and 288 girls selected from five all-boys’ schools (119 students), five all-girls’ schools (159 students), and six coeducational schools (222 students). The students were from six rural schools (137 students) and ten urban schools (363 students), out of which 291 were from a high SEB and 209 were from a low SEB. A 40-item multiple choice test on respiration and a self-esteem questionnaire were used to collect data. The results revealed that the students’ level of performance (mean=23.44 or 58.60%, SD=6.86) was regarded as fairly satisfactory; there were statistically significant differences in the students’ performance on respiration based on their cognitive abilities, and school-type in favour of students with high cognitive ability in biology and all-boys’ schools respectively. There was a positive statistically significant but weak relationship between the students’ (a) cognitive abilities, and (b) school-type and their performance on respiration. 相似文献
12.
目的：探讨不同自尊水平的大学生在正向、中性和负向三种从众行为实验情景中的从众情况。方法：对90名大学生被试进行自尊水平测试（SES）,并针对与实验情境有关的问题,调查被试者平时在此方面的态度和行为,然后分三组分别进行三个情境实验。结论：自尊水平对大学生从众行为有影响,且存在方向性：高自尊者易发生正向从众行为;低自尊者易发生中性和负向从众行为。 相似文献
13.
Maria Sarkova Maria Bacikova-Sleskova Andrea Madarasova Geckova Zuzana Katreniakova Wim van den Heuvel Jitse P. van Dijk 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):367-378
Background:?The school environment has shown itself to be an important factor in explaining adolescent behaviour. The relationships and experiences that pupils have at school have been found to influence their development, psychological well-being, self-esteem and social adjustment.Purpose:?The aim of the study is to explore whether there is a relationship between pupil–peer and pupil–teacher relationships and psychological well-being and self-esteem, and whether this relationship varies according to pupils’ experience of bullying or being bullied.Sample: Data consisted of a sample of 3694 students (mean age?±?SD 14.3?±?0.62 years; 51% girls) from elementary schools in Slovakia.Design and method:?Questionnaires were administered to the students. In terms of data analysis, linear regression was firstly used in the whole sample to explore pupil–peer and pupil–teacher relationships and psychological well-being (the depression/anxiety and social dysfunction subscales of GHQ-12) and self-esteem (positive and negative self-esteem subscales of RSE). Next, the whole sample was divided into four groups in terms of involvement in bullying (normative contrasts, passive victims, aggressive non-victims and aggressive victims). Linear regression was used to explore the associations between pupil–peer and pupil–teacher relationships with the two factors of psychological well-being and two factors of self-esteem in these four groups.Results:?As findings showed, better pupil–peer relationships and also pupil–teacher relationships were significantly related statistically to less depression/anxiety and social dysfunction, as well as to more positive and less negative self-esteem. All bullying categories were significantly related to pupil–peer relationships and the four dependent variables. However, in the categories of aggressive victims and aggressive non-victims, the pupil–teacher relationship was not significantly related to their psychological well-being and self-esteem. Also, in all subgroups, better pupil–peer relationships were significantly related to less depression/anxiety and social dysfunction, as well as with more positive and less negative self-esteem.Conclusion:?Given the differences found in the connections between pupil–teacher relationships and well-being and self-esteem, between those who bullied and those who were bullied, it would seem that the school environment can play an important role in implementing anti-bullying prevention strategies. 相似文献
14.
焦虑与自尊是学习的重要情感因素,在大量研究中呈现出显著相关性。高职生外语学习中出现的焦虑与自尊是否同样存在这种相关性？本研究通过问卷调查和统计分析得出：在高职生英语学习中两者不存在线性相关,而是显示出较复杂的关系。我们结合高职学生的学习实际,对研究结果进行了分析,并提出了相关的教学建议。 相似文献
15.
This study aimed to test a four-wave sequential mediation model linking mother–child attachment to children's school readiness through child executive functioning (EF) and prosociality in toddlerhood and the preschool years. Mother–child attachment security was assessed when children (N = 255) were aged 15 months and 2 years, child EF at age 2, prosocial behavior at age 4, and finally cognitive school readiness in kindergarten (age 6). The results revealed three indirect pathways linking attachment to school readiness: one through EF only, one through prosocial behavior only, and a last pathway involving both EF and prosocial behavior serially. These findings suggest that secure attachment may equip children with both cognitive and social skills that are instrumental to their preparedness for school. 相似文献
16.
为了解高中生专业决策自我效能的总体状况,以及专业决策自我效能与高中生自尊、社会支持状况之间的关系,研究者选取了山东省两城市的600名高中生进行了调查研究。结果发现：（1）高中生专业决策自我效能处于中等稍偏上的水平;（2）高中生专业决策自我效能在性别、城乡、年级以及是否为独生子方面存在差异;（3）相关分析表明,高中生自尊、社会支持和专业决策自我效能之间,存在两两显著正相关;（4）中介效应检验结果表明,自尊在社会支持与高中生专业决策自我效能之间起着部分中介作用。 相似文献
17.
Frank Pajares 《Contemporary educational psychology》1996,21(4):325-344
Path analysis was used to test the predictive and mediational role that self-efficacy beliefs play in the mathematical problem-solving of middle school gifted students (n= 66) mainstreamed with regular education students (n= 232) in algebra classes. Self-efficacy of gifted students made an independent contribution to the prediction of problem-solving in a model that controlled for the effects of math anxiety, cognitive ability, mathematics GPA, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, and sex. Gifted girls surpassed gifted boys in performance but did not differ in self-efficacy. Gifted students reported higher math self-efficacy and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning as well as lower math anxiety than did regular education students. Although most students were overconfident about their capabilities, gifted students had more accurate self-perceptions and gifted girls were biased toward underconfidence. Results support the hypothesized role of self-efficacy in A. Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory. 相似文献
18.
《Contemporary educational psychology》2002,27(2):270-295
A new measure that focused explicitly on the cognitive dimension of test anxiety was introduced and examined for psychometric quality as compared to existing measures of test anxiety. The new scale was found to be a reliable and valid measure of cognitive test anxiety. The impact of cognitive test anxiety as well as emotionality and test procrastination were subsequently evaluated on three course exams and students' self-reported performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test for 168 undergraduate students. Higher levels of cognitive test anxiety were associated with significantly lower test scores on each of the three course examinations. High levels of cognitive test anxiety also were associated with significantly lower Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. Procrastination, in contrast, was related to performance only on the course final examination. Gender differences in cognitive test anxiety were documented, but those differences were not related to performance on the course exams. Examination of the relation between the emotionality component of test anxiety and performance revealed that moderate levels of physiological arousal generally were associated with higher exam performance. The results were consistent with cognitive appraisal and information processing models of test anxiety and support the conclusion that cognitive test anxiety exerts a significant stable and negative impact on academic performance measures. 相似文献
19.
Natasha K. Segool John S. Carlson Anisa N. Goforth Nathan von der Embse Justin A. Barterian 《Psychology in the schools》2013,50(5):489-499
This study explored differences in test anxiety on high‐stakes standardized achievement testing and low‐stakes testing among elementary school children. This is the first study to directly examine differences in young students’ reported test anxiety between No Child Left Behind (NCLB) achievement testing and classroom testing. Three hundred thirty‐five students in Grades 3 through 5 participated in the study. Students completed assessments of test anxiety following NCLB testing and typical classroom testing. Students reported significantly more overall test anxiety in relation to high‐stakes testing versus classroom testing on two measures of test anxiety, effect sizes r = ?.21 and r = ?.10. Students also reported significantly more cognitive (r = ?.20) and physiological (r = ?.24) symptoms of test anxiety in relation to high‐stakes testing. This study adds to the test anxiety literature by demonstrating that students experience heightened anxiety in response to NCLB testing. 相似文献
20.
为探究大学生成人依恋、社会支持与孤独感的关系,采用亲密关系经历量表、社会支持评定量表和UCLA孤独量表对326名大学生施测。结果发现:(1)大学生成人依恋比较积极,依恋回避和依恋焦虑程度均较低。(2)大学生社会支持存在年级和生源地差异,大四学生对支持的利用度显著高于大三学生,来自农村的大学生其主观支持高于来自城市的大学生。(3)大学生孤独感程度较低,但大三学生孤独感显著高于大四学生。(4)成人依恋与孤独感呈显著正相关,社会支持与孤独感呈显著负相关,成人依恋与社会支持呈显著负相关。(5)依恋回避和依恋焦虑对孤独感具有显著正向预测作用,主观支持和支持利用度对孤独感具有显著负向预测作用。(6)主观支持和支持利用度在依恋回避和孤独感之间具有部分中介效应。 相似文献