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This paper examines the terminological confusion underlying the study of information use, and reviews the major studies in the field. The conclusion is that confusion in research methods is inextricably linked to a lack of clarity in terminology. Attention is drawn to the significance of different social and cultural contexts in shaping ‘information needs’, and a research scheme is evolved for the study of users of ‘professional information’ in Poland. 相似文献
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【目的】 帮助学术期刊把握出版运营的原则与本质,打破运营误区,提升运营能力,为期刊出版的有效运营提供参考。【方法】 针对学术期刊出版运营中的误区和不良现象,剖析期刊发展“术”与“道”的差异及关系,揭示学术期刊出版运营的本质。【结果】 “道”是根本,以“道”驭“术”,以“术”促“道”,不仅是学术期刊出版初心和本原的回归,更是学术期刊生存发展的需要。【结论】 学术期刊需要牢记初心使命、坚守学术定力,科学认识期刊出版运营的影响因素,系统调用运营全要素,不为“名”所困扰,不为评价指标所羁绊,实现有效运营与可持续发展。 相似文献
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As an introduction to the special issue on “emerging nanotechnologies”, this paper puts in perspective contemporary debates and challenges about nanotechnology. It presents an overview of diverse analyses and expectations about this presumably revolutionary set of technological, scientific and industrial developments. Three main lines of argument can then be delineated: first of all, the degree of cumulativeness of science and technologies and the respective roles of newcomers and incumbents in the industrial dynamics; second the knowledge dynamics in nanotechnologies, especially the linkages by science and technology and third the role of institutions (network, geographic agglomeration and job market). It finally discusses methodologies to delineate the field of nanotechnologies and to collect data. 相似文献
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Science, technology and innovation have grown in importance over the last 50 years as we have moved towards a more knowledge-intensive society (the ‘knowledge society’). A number of new research fields have emerged in an effort to understand these developments and to offer advice to decision-makers in government, industry and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on studies of three relatively distinct though thematically related research fields (innovation studies, entrepreneurship studies, and science and technology studies). The first three articles use a particular methodology based on analysis of the references cited in the chapters to authoritative ‘handbooks’ to identify the core contributions in the three fields. A fourth article examines the relationship between the core literatures in three fields and how this has evolved over time. Other articles look at the evolution of innovation studies as reflected in highly cited papers, at the development of entrepreneurship as seen by a key ‘insider’, and at the creation of new centres in these fields and the difficulties they face. The last article in this special issue shows how interdisciplinary centres in innovation studies suffer from research assessment systems that are intrinsically biased against interdisciplinary research. This introduction presents a synthesis of the articles in this special issue, discusses similarities and differences between the three fields and their development over time, and considers challenges for policy and governance arising from the research presented here. 相似文献
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Mauro Lombardi 《Research Policy》2003,32(8):1443-1462
The aim of this paper is to propose an explanation of the changes of dynamic matching between systemic properties of local production systems (LPS) and characteristics of the competitive environment. An evolutionary sequence travelled during the last three decades by Italian LPS is identified and an explanation of long-term dynamics is based on how information flows and knowledge are structured within a local environment. The “traditional” pattern of interlocking behaviours of different agents is defined as cognitive architecture, which evolutionarily emerges as invisible mind. Evolutionary pressures lead new patterns of relationships and interlocking behaviours, which we define as a tendency for more visible “minds” to assert themselves. 相似文献
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科技论文“影响”的测度 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Jerry Cowhig 《中国科技期刊研究》2003,14(2):117-120
可通过利用同行评议、被引频次、期刊的影响因子（IF）等方法来评估科技论文 ，但这些方法本身都有不同程度的缺陷。不能利用期刊的影响因子来评判论文的学术水平，这是因为影响因子本身具有较大的不确定性，尤其是对美国的期刊比较有利。近年来由因特网全文下载论文的频次急剧上升，作者认为论文下载次数和影响因子的联合作用，可以更准确地评价论文和期刊的学术影响。 相似文献
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正确认识科学、技术和经济三者之间的关系，把握科学技术和经济发展间相互作用的规律，有着极其重要的理论和实际意义。基于此背景，本文从科学与技术交互的视角，运用向量自回归模型、脉冲响应函数以及方差分解的方法，试图对我国科学、技术和经济产出三者间的动态关系进行模型分析。研究结论显示，科学产出和技术产出之间相互促进；相比技术产出，科学产出可以更好地促进经济产出；经济产出促进技术产出的效果要好于对科学产出的促进作用；进一步得出，“科学-技术”交互效应是存在的，并且对经济产出具有重要推动作用，经济发展情况对“科学-技术”交互效应的实现也有着重要影响。 相似文献
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Henry Etzkowitz 《Research Policy》2003,32(1):109-121
Academic entrepreneurship arose from internal as well as external impetuses. The entrepreneurial university is a result of the working out of an “inner logic” of academic development that previously expanded the academic enterprise from a focus on teaching to research. The internal organization of the Research University consists of a series of research groups that have firm-like qualities, especially under conditions in which research funding is awarded on a competitive basis. Thus, the Research University shares homologous qualities with a start-up firm even before it directly engages in entrepreneurial activities. 相似文献
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文章从信息内容、信息技术、信息利用三个维度构建评价指标体系,依据2771名农民体验评价调查数据,运用因子分析、聚类分析和熵值法相结合的方法,实证测算了湖南省14市（州）农民对农村农业信息化综合服务平台评价。结果表明,各市（州）农民对农村农业信息化综合服务平台评价表现出一定差异,信息内容维度指标差异最大,信息利用维度指标差异其次,信息技术维度指标差异最少。农村农业信息化综合服务平台未来建设应该瞄准各地农民实际需求,以信息资源整合开发提升服务质量,以先进适用技术利用创新服务方式,以农民信息能力培养激发服务需求。 相似文献
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