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1.
Javier Touron 《Higher Education》1987,16(3):257-266
This article focuses on the predictive values of certain academic variables, high school ranks and admission tests, as related to grades at the end of the first year of the Licenciate in Medicine in Spain. Multiple regression equations were calculated for each first year subject. Multiple R values ranged from 0.41 to 0.61 which implies explained variance percentages of 16.5 and 37.5. The best predictor was found to be the high school grade point average in science courses, the global examination and the admission test average. The importance of taking into account these variables in the admission process is considered. Also the inclusion of some aptitudinal variables is discussed. Finally the need to establish prediction performance tables to be used in the counselling process of admitted students is considered.This is based on a paper presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Spanish Society for Medical Education held at Zaragoza on 26–27 October 1984. 相似文献
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在系统回顾国外研究生选拔中认知和非认知因素考察方式的基础上,本文对应用最为广泛的本科成绩、录取面试和推荐信三种方式的相关研究进行了综述。本科成绩对研究生绩效有良好的预测效度,录取面试由于结构化程度过低而影响了其预测价值,传统推荐信的预测作用并不理想而标准化推荐信则是极具潜力的发展方向。在我国研究生复试阶段应重视本科成绩的作用,提高录取面试的结构化程度,并采用标准化推荐信加强对考生非认知因素的考察。 相似文献
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This longitudinal research study focused on persistence and financial aid of women, underrepresented minorities, and needy students majoring in science, engineering, and mathematics (SEM) in a large, public university in a metropolitan area. Beginning in fall 1989, four consecutive freshmen cohorts (n's = 1967, 1679, 1614, and 1924, respectively) were tracked through 1996–97. SEM majors persisted and graduated at higher rates, but took longer to graduate than non-SEM majors. Women, underrepresented minorities, and needy students received more gift aid than other student populations. However, only women had lower departure rates and graduated at higher rates than other SEM student populations. Compared to non-SEM majors, gift aid for SEM majors was more likely to be awarded on the basis of merit rather than need. Average loan indebtedness increased rapidly from 1989–90 through 1996–97 for both SEM and non-SEM majors. Implications of the findings for improved institutional and federal policy are indicated, and further research on the study topics recommended. 相似文献
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Allyson D. Brathwaite 《Journal of Career Development》2002,28(3):221-225
This article describes a unique collaboration between the Career Center at the University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia Public Schools and the community. A WAY WITH WORDS is an America Reads community literacy program that has enriched the educational experience of graduate, undergraduate and K–5 students since 1996. Teams of undergraduate volunteers led by graduate students in Counseling Psychology and Educational Leadership (ELPA) tutor local children in an effort to increase literacy. The teams interact and communicate with children, parents, teachers and principals as they serve during school and in after-school programs that they co create with school administrators and community members. Tremendous opportunities exist for learning about socio-economically and increasing ethnically diverse communities. During a biweekly seminar, team leaders lead career exploration activities that focus on mentoring, multicultural issues and team building. The program seeks to cultivate civic responsibility as an aspect of career development through communication, relatedness and reflection. 相似文献
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Ruth E. Kallio 《Research in higher education》1995,36(1):109-124
This paper examines the relative influence of factors affecting the college choice decisions of graduate students. It is based on a 1986 survey of 2,834 admitted students at a major research university, to which 38 percent of the sample responded. Factor analysis of ratings of importance of 31 college characteristics yielded dimensions upon which student decisions are based. These results were used to build five scales of importance and preference, which were then tested with other variables in a regression model in which the dependent variable was the decision to enroll or not to enroll at the surveying institution. The following were found to influence decisions: residency status, quality and other academic environment characteristics, work-related concerns, spouse considerations, financial aid, and the campus social environment.A paper presented at the Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, New Orleans, May 29–June 1, 1994. 相似文献
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Cristin Bellei 《Economics of Education Review》2009,28(5):629-640
This study (an impact evaluation of the Chilean full school day program) uses difference-in-differences to estimate the effect of a large increase in instructional time on high school students’ academic achievement. The main findings are (i) the program had a positive effect on students’ achievement in both mathematics and language; (ii) the effect-size on language achievement was 0.05–0.07 standard deviations and not sensitive to control for covariates, different control groups, and historical trends; (iii) the effect on mathematics achievement was not sensitive to control for covariates, but was sensitive to use different control groups, and historical trends; the effect-size on mathematics achievement ranged from 0.00 to 0.12 standard deviations; and (iv) the program effect has been constant over time. Finally, there is evidence suggesting that the program had larger positive effects on rural students, students who attended public schools, and students situated in the upper part of the achievement distribution. 相似文献
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Private tutoring is a widespread phenomenon in many developing countries, including Vietnam. Using the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys 1997–1998 and 1992–1993 for analysis, this paper finds evidence that private tutoring in Vietnam is a necessity in the household budget for both primary students and lower secondary students, and the trend to attend private tutoring is stronger at higher education levels. There is no evidence of gender discrimination in expenditure on private tutoring. Ethnic minority students spend less on private tutoring at the primary level but not at the lower secondary level, as do students living in rural areas. However, spending on private tutoring would fall significantly if the qualifications of primary school teachers are increased. Private tutoring is found to have significant impact on a student's academic performance, but the influence is larger for lower secondary students. This paper contributes to the available estimation techniques by extending the simultaneous Tobit model of Amemiya [(1974). Multivariate regression and simultaneous equation models when the dependent variables are truncated normal. Econometrica, 42(6), 999–1012] to a joint Tobit-ordered probit econometric model to address the possible endogeneity of household spending on private tutoring. 相似文献
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《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):218-221
AbstractThe study was conducted at Duquesne University in an attempt to predict graduate quality point averages on the basis of a number of supposedly valid predictive criteria, This university draws most of its students on a local and regional basis.The major objective was to predict an applicant student's quality point average at the end of his graduate program in education. An attempt was made to demonstrate the relative importance of different variables, and to try to build a regression equation that could serve as the basis for future predictive studies. 相似文献
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The focus of this study is to investigate school psychology trainers' identification of current stressors in the work lives of practitioners. Surveys rating 40 stressors on a Likert‐type scale were completed by 161 school psychology graduate faculty, members of the School Psychology Educators Council of New York State. Survey results were compared to the job‐related stressors identified by New York City Psychologists using an almost identical questionnaire. While there appears to be general agreement between faculty trainers and practitioners on the identification and relative ranking of work‐related stress, the faculty trainers consider those events to be more stressful than do the practitioners. Faculty's recognition of the environmental forces that negatively impact upon the experience of school psychologists should provide impetus for the development of graduate programs that address stress prevention and/or coping strategies. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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The paper estimates the response of student truancy and long-run labor market outcomes to discipline policies in middle and secondary school. Simultaneous determination of student behaviors and school policies motivates an instrumental variables strategy. Because judicial climate influences administrators’ fear of discipline-related lawsuits, measures of judicial–legal climate at the state-level court are used as instruments for local discipline policies. Results indicate that the state-level judicial–legal climate does appear to influence administrators’ discipline policies; that students appear to be truant less often when discipline is stricter; and that school and long-run labor participation outcomes appear higher for students from schools with stricter discipline policies. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Hair Tamara Halle Elizabeth Terry-Humen Bridget Lavelle Julia Calkins 《Early childhood research quarterly》2006,21(4):431-454
Two studies examine patterns of school readiness in children at school entry and how these patterns predict first-grade outcomes in a nationally representative sample of first-time kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (N = 17,219). In Study 1, cluster analyses revealed four profiles at kindergarten entry: comprehensive positive development (30%), social/emotional and health strengths (34%), social/emotional risk (13%), and health risk (22.5% of the sample). Study 2 results suggested that children with one of the two “risk” profiles were more likely to be from families with multiple socioeconomic disadvantages. In addition, all four profiles differentially predicted academic and social adjustment in early elementary school. Children with a risk profile performed the worst on all outcomes; children with a comprehensive positive development profile performed the best. The authors discuss the need for early identification of children who may be at risk for entering school with few school readiness strengths. 相似文献
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Educational reform and reformist research are not merely about school improvement. They embody a field of cultural practices that constitutes the objects of schooling – the teacher who administers the reforms to the child and the distinctions and differentiations about who the child is and should be. Our interest is in the rules and standards of reason assembled through the cultural practices of school reform. Reason is a cultural practice functioning to enact a change in the conditions of people but also invests people with particular capacities and capabilities. This investiture of capacities and capabilities produces particular human kinds or categories of the determinant qualities of the individuals schools administer. Using studies of educational governance and social inclusion/exclusion in Europe and on US educational reform, the discussion focuses on the overlapping practices of system management and curriculum reforms that map different human kinds. One human kind is the child as a lifelong learner, an individual whose qualities entail actively and flexibly participating in communities through problem-solving strategies. The characteristics and qualities of the lifelong learner are differentiated from those who do not embody the norms of participation –the child left behind. The study of the systems of reason that govern the objects of reflection and rectification in school reforms is a strategy to consider the politics of reform, change, and social inclusion and exclusion. 相似文献
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The Return of Large-Scale Reform 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Michael Fullan 《Journal of Educational Change》2000,1(1):5-27
Education Reform on a large scale was first attempted in the 1960s. Itfailed to make a difference largely because advocates of reform ignoredissues of implementation and did not address local institutions and cultures.In the 1990s, we see a return to large-scale reform. This time there is agreater appreciation of the complexity of the task, and greater attentionpaid to implementation strategies as well as a growing sense of urgency aboutthe need for reform.This article reviews three ``types' of large-scale reform and theemerging lessons being learned. The three forms of reform reviewedthrough case studies and associated research are:1. whole school district reform involving all schools in a district;2. whole school reform in which hundreds of schools attempt toimplement particular models of change, and3. state or national initiatives in which all or most of the schoolsin the state are involved.Eight factors and issues are identified and discussed – factors,if addressed, promise to achieve reform on a larger scale than ever before. 相似文献
17.
Marie T. Mora 《Economics of Education Review》1997,16(4):407-418
This study examines the influence of the opportunity costs of school attendance, educational quality attributes, and household socioeconomic status on the educational demand of Mexican Americans, African Americans, and non-Hispanic whites using the 1988–1990 surveys of the National Education Longitudinal Study. Implementing a utility-maximizing framework, educational demand assumes the form of schools' average daily attendance rates and student dropout decisions between the 8th and 10th grades. The basic results suggest that a school's attendance rate is sensitive to educational quality and student characteristics. Moreover, the demand for education measured by student attrition inversely relates to unexplained school attendance, and is positively affected by household socioeconomic status. Some policy recommendations based on the results are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Schools, skills and risk 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Skill development involves important choices for individuals and school designers: should individuals and schools specialise, or should they aim for an optimal combination of skills? We analyse this question by employing mean–standard deviation analysis and show how cost structure, benefit structure and risk attitudes jointly determine the optimal investment strategy. With combined data from DOT and CPS, we establish an upward sloping mean–variance opportunity frontier in skills space. 相似文献
19.
Claudine Schweber Koren 《Research in higher education》1973,1(3):215-223
Recent changes in undergraduate programs now enable students to design their own curricula. In the process, many students define their post-baccalaureate goals as graduate school or professional school work.This study investigated how a graduate department or professional school would react to an applicant with a self-designed program. Questionnaires were distributed to admissions directors of the 58 graduate departments and professional schools of the State University of New York at Buffalo, a major university center in the state.The results indicate that recognition of differences between student-designed programs and standard (university-designed) ones are only beginning. Thus, (1) special-degree students are initially not differentiated from other applicants, e.g., in the first sift; (2) criteria for effectively evaluating special-program applicants, as distinct from standard ones, are necessary.To date it is the applicant's responsibility to document and communicate his worth and that of his endeavor. Admissions personnel are eager for additional information. 相似文献
20.
Data on student achievement gain in a large urban school district during the 1984–85 school year were analyzed to identify schools with achievement consistently higher or lower than schools with similar student and school characteristics. Before calculating gain scores, students were grouped with others of the same sex, ethnicity, initial grade level, and initial achievement level. After residuals for students who were above or below similar students were summed and averaged for reading and math at each grade, school-level regression analysis was used to further control for student and school characteristics. Results indicated that schools with reading gains one standard deviation above the mean had average raw scores less than two items higher than the district average on the sixty-item reading test, while schools with math gains this large had raw scores little more than one item higher than the average on the 44-item math test. In addition, examination of data on schools with residual (combined) reading and math gain scores 1.5 or more standard deviations above the average showed that after taking account of student background information and salient school characteristics, only one elementary school among 173 and no secondary school among 71 had unusually high achievement scores. Implications are discussed regarding efforts to identify and reward meritorious schools which allegedly have improved achievement more than other similar schools. 相似文献