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1.
把推广先进农业技术作为科技兴农的重点,狠抓杂交玉米的推广和品种的更换,加快玉米新品种、新技术的引进和推广。通过良种选用、合理密植、配方施肥、育苗移栽、地膜覆盖和病虫害综合防治等技术措施组装,总结形成杂交玉米生产技术体系,以育苗移栽单株壮苗为突破口,以合理密植为中心,以肥水调控为关键,重基肥、早促苗、中攻穗、后补粒的栽培模式,组装综合配套各项先进成熟的栽培技术。扩大技术覆盖率,提高规范化技术水平,不断提高配套技术的到位率,充分发挥技术措施的综合效益。 相似文献
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技术认知、风险感知对黄土高原农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄土高原农户对水土保持耕作技术的认知和对水土流失风险的感知是水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的关键影响因素,探究二者对技术采用意愿的作用有利于促进农户技术采用率的提高、控制水土流失、减少入黄泥沙量、改善生态环境。本文利用黄土高原1237户农户的调查数据,基于代际差异的视角,采用逐步回归法和分组回归法,分析了农户技术认知和风险感知对其水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异。结果表明：①技术认知对水土保持耕作技术的采用意愿有显著的正向影响,技术认知对等高耕作、沟垄种植、少免耕、深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿的作用强度均是新生代农户大于老一代农户。②风险感知对新生代和老一代农户等高耕作和沟垄种植技术采用意愿均有显著的正向影响,其影响强度存在代际差异;对新生代农户少免耕技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响,对老一代农户深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响。③风险感知在技术认知和采用意愿之间发挥正向调节作用,在等高耕作、沟垄种植、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于老一代农户的调节作用强于新一代;在少免耕、深松耕和秸秆还田技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于新一代农户的调节作用强于老一代。户主年龄、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等控制变量对新生代和老一代农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响有显著差异。建议农业技术和政策推广视新老农户区别对待,提供有针对性的补贴,并通过鼓励土地流转为技术采用提供便利。 相似文献
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《中国科技信息》2021,(16)
秸秆作为农业生产的副产品,产量十分巨大,仅东北地区每年的秸秆总量就达到上亿顿。而如此大量的秸秆如何无害化处理则成为了一项难题。以前通常采取就地焚烧的方式还田,但是由此也导致了严重的环境污染问题,同时也引发了诸如道路交通和防火等一系列的安全问题。近几年,国家相关部门提出了秸秆"五化"处理模式,即燃料化、原料化、基料化、肥料化和饲料化。但是,从处理效果来看,并不理想,主要是受到运行成本、可操作性以及条件等因素的限制。本文主要针对秸秆"五化"处理模式的应用现状进行了分析,同时从更有利于东北寒地黑土层保护和恢复的秸秆"肥料化"应用模式角度出发,提出选用适合东北低温、低湿度自然条件腐解剂结合秸秆粉碎深埋还田模式的秸秆综合利用措施。这种模式不仅可以有效解决大量秸秆的处理问题,同时也为东北黑土土质恢复提供了一种科学合理的解题思路。 相似文献
4.
农户技术采纳的一个关键影响因素:技术扩散模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析农业技术扩散模式影响农户技术采纳行为的作用机理并进行实证检验,得出农业技术扩散模式能够影响技术剩余,从而为农户提供不同程度的技术采纳激励并决定其行为。以生猪良种技术为例,与市场交易模式相比,社会网络、合作组织和生产合同3种技术扩散模式均能够直接或间接降低农户的技术生产和交易成本,由此成为促进农户采纳生猪良种技术的有效模式,该结论可为实证研究证实。因此,在促进农业技术采纳时,应结合技术属性选择适宜模式,并将能否提升技术收益、降低农户的技术生产和交易成本作为评价依据。 相似文献
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"科技特派员"制度与农业技术服务市场的发育 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
本文从农村技术服务资源配置和技术服务价格确定的角度,对“科技特派员”制度中的五种运行模式进行了初步分析,探讨如何运用“科技特派员”制度促进农业技术服务市场机制的发育。 相似文献
7.
一、基本概念 保护性耕作是一种新型旱地耕作法，起源于20世纪30年代的美同一目前，美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国已基奉全部采用了以机械化为支撑的保护性耕作。我国对其的定义为“对农田实行免耕、少耕，用作物秸秆覆盖地表，减少风蚀、水蚀，提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力的先进农业耕作技术。或概括为秸秆覆盖、以松代耕、免耕播种、综合除草”。其核心是免耕播种，主要作业均使用机械来完成。 相似文献
8.
技术进化的趋势与展望 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
李亚青 《科学技术与辩证法》2002,19(5):48-51
技术进化是技术哲学研究中的重要问题。本文拟通过对国内外技术进化模式的概述和评价，找出一种合理的技术进化模式来说明技术进化的趋势，即技术的进化是以“技术域”为单位进行的。最后，对有关问题谈了几点看法。 相似文献
9.
干旱半干旱过渡带是生态环境变化的敏感和脆弱地带 ,气候的波动性和人口压力是生态脆弱的根本原因 ,干旱和半干旱区交界线在丰枯年份的空间摆动幅度最大达 1 1 0— 1 30km .水资源短缺是制约该区经济发展和生态环境改善的主要因素之一 ,有限的降水资源是生活和农业生产的主要水源 ,也是可以通过人为措施开发利用的水源 .集水技术操作简单 ,适应性强 ,费用低 ,开发潜力大 ,从事的生产领域广泛 ,采用这种技术可以建立新的农业生态系统并改善该区生态环境 .分析了干旱半干旱区过渡带降水的时空变异性 ,确定了 2 5 0mm降水量线在丰枯年份的空间摆动幅度 .通过野外径流观测试验 ,系统研究了雨水集流系统集流面的产流特征和集水效率、水质和集水的高效利用 ,并为脆弱区生态环境建设提出小流域微型生态雨水集流模式 . 相似文献
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相对于世界其他黑土区由于犁耕、秸秆翻埋耕作而引起的土壤退化,我国东北黑土区以旋耕、秸秆离田、秸秆田间焚烧为主的常规耕作导致的土壤退化问题更为严峻。以秸秆覆盖还田少/免耕为核心的保护性耕作技术是黑土保护与利用最为重要的一种技术。文章简述了保护性耕作的由来、定义、国外成熟的技术模式及其在我国推广实施中存在的问题。总结了15年来以中国科学院为核心的科研团队,联合吉林省农业部门、高校、地方农业科学院等相关单位,攻克保护性耕作技术在东北黑土地实施的难关,研发高性能免耕播种机和条带耕作机,以及秸秆覆盖还田宽窄行免耕、条带耕作、垄作少耕等技术,总结形成东北黑土地保护性耕作的"梨树模式"并进行示范推广的历程。同时,对保护性耕作技术在我国东北地区广泛应用后的效果进行了展望。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
15.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
16.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
17.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
18.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
19.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献