共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Geert J. Somsen 《Minerva》2008,46(3):361-379
That science is fundamentally universal has been proclaimed innumerable times. But the precise geographical meaning of this
universality has changed historically. This article examines conceptions of scientific internationalism from the Enlightenment
to the Cold War, and their varying relations to cosmopolitanism, nationalism, socialism, and ‘the West’. These views are confronted
with recent tendencies to cast science as a uniquely European product.
Geert Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work focuses on socialist conceptions of science in the twentieth century and on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga, he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
| Geert J. SomsenEmail: |
Geert Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work focuses on socialist conceptions of science in the twentieth century and on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga, he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
2.
Matthew Stanley 《Minerva》2008,46(2):181-194
This paper argues that that political context of British science popularization in the inter-war period was intimately tied
to contemporary debates about religion and science. A leading science popularizer, the Quaker astronomer A.S. Eddington, and
one of his opponents, the materialist Chapman Cohen, are examined in detail to show the intertwined nature of science, philosophy,
religion, and politics.
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
| Matthew StanleyEmail: |
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
3.
For academic administrators, the management of research remains a matter more of hope than expectation. It has proved particularly
difficult to measure quality. Managers typically view research as an ‹asset’. This essay argues that it is more useful to
view research and its management as ‹process’, and explores the implications of doing so for managers and researchers alike.
相似文献
| Paul H. J. HendriksEmail: |
4.
This essay describes China’s participation in international science organizations during the past two decades. It argues that,
whilst progress has been made, serious problems remain. It concludes that increased attention to communication and exchange,
and the creation of a favourable international image in science and technology are important priorities for China.
相似文献
| Ang XuEmail: |
5.
Using data on the ‘career’ paths of one thousand ‘leading scientists’ from 1450 to 1900, what is conventionally called the
‘rise of modern science’ is mapped as a changing geography of scientific practice in urban networks. Four distinctive networks
of scientific practice are identified. A primate network centred on Padua and central and northern Italy in the sixteenth
century expands across the Alps to become a polycentric network in the seventeenth century, which in turn dissipates into
a weak polycentric network in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century marks a huge change of scale as a primate network
centred on Berlin and dominated by German-speaking universities. These geographies are interpreted as core-producing processes
in Wallerstein’s modern world-system; the rise of modern scientific practice is central to the development of structures of
knowledge that relate to, but do not mirror, material changes in the system.
相似文献
| David M. EvansEmail: |
6.
Isabelle Laboulais 《Minerva》2008,46(1):17-36
The revolutionary period in France marked a turning point in the history of the profession of mining engineering and its relation
to the State. This essay outlines the changing requirements of the revolutionary government, and describes the ways in which
the State and its engineering professionals responded to the challenge of combining science and practice.
相似文献
| Isabelle LaboulaisEmail: |
7.
Funding agencies in Canada are attempting to break down the organizational boundaries between disciplines to promote interdisciplinary
research and foster the integration of the social sciences into the health research field. This paper explores the extent
to which biomedical and clinician scientists’ perceptions of social science research operate as a cultural boundary to the
inclusion of social scientists into this field. Results indicated that cultural boundaries may impede social scientists’ entry
into the health research field through three modalities: (1) biomedical and clinician scientists’ unfavourable and ambivalent
posture towards social science research; (2) their opposition to a resource increase for the social sciences; and (3) clinician
scientists procedural assessment criteria for social science. The paper also discusses the merits and limitations of Tom Gieryn’s
concept of boundary-work for studying social dynamics within the field of science.
相似文献
| Brian D. HodgesEmail: |
8.
Edgeir Benum 《Minerva》2007,45(4):365-387
This essay explores how the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Norway became linked into a
science policy discourse that radiated throughout the developed world. Despite political differences, this discourse changed
forever the expectations by which Norway’s universities and its fundamental research institutions were to operate.
相似文献
| Edgeir BenumEmail: |
9.
Patrick Petitjean 《Minerva》2008,46(2):247-270
The World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFScW) and UNESCO share roots in the Social Relations of Science (SRS) movements
and in the Franco-British scientific relations which developed in the 1930s. In this historical context (the Great Depression,
the rise of Fascism and the Nazi use of science, the social and intellectual fascination for the USSR), a new model of scientific
internationalism emerged, where science and politics mixed. Many progressive scientists were involved in the war efforts against
Nazism, and tried to prolong their international commitments into peacetime. They contributed to the establishment of the
WFScW and of UNESCO in 1945–1946. Neither the WFScW nor UNESCO succeeded in achieving their initial aims. Another world emerged
from the immediate post-war years, but it was not the world fancied by the progressive scientists from the mould of scientific
internationalism. The aim of this article is to follow the path from the Franco-British networks towards the establishment
of the WFScW and UNESCO; from an ideological scientific internationalism towards practical projects. It is to understand how
these two bodies came to embody two different scientific internationalisms during the Cold War.
Patrick Petitjean is “Chargé de Recherches” at the CNRS, Paris. He is an historian of science and belongs to the laboratory REHSEIS (Recherches Epistémologiques et Historiques sur les Sciences Exactes et les Institutions Scientifiques). He has co-edited Science and Empires—Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992); and Les Sciences colonials—figures et institutions (Paris: Orstom éditions, 1996). He has recently published some contributions on Unesco’s first years: Petitjean, P., Zharov, V., Glaser, G., Richardson, J., de Padirac, B. and Archibald, G. (eds), Sixty Years of Sciences at UNESCO, 1945–2005 (UNESCO, Paris, 2006). He is currently working on the history of international scientific relations from the 1930s to the 1950s, and on the influence of the science and society movements upon the Science Division of UNESCO. 相似文献
| Patrick PetitjeanEmail: |
Patrick Petitjean is “Chargé de Recherches” at the CNRS, Paris. He is an historian of science and belongs to the laboratory REHSEIS (Recherches Epistémologiques et Historiques sur les Sciences Exactes et les Institutions Scientifiques). He has co-edited Science and Empires—Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992); and Les Sciences colonials—figures et institutions (Paris: Orstom éditions, 1996). He has recently published some contributions on Unesco’s first years: Petitjean, P., Zharov, V., Glaser, G., Richardson, J., de Padirac, B. and Archibald, G. (eds), Sixty Years of Sciences at UNESCO, 1945–2005 (UNESCO, Paris, 2006). He is currently working on the history of international scientific relations from the 1930s to the 1950s, and on the influence of the science and society movements upon the Science Division of UNESCO. 相似文献
10.
The president’s science advisor was formerly established in the days following the Soviet launch of Sputnik at the height
of the Cold War, creating an impression of scientists at the center of presidential power. However, since that time the role
of the science advisor has been far more prosaic, with a role that might be more aptly described as a coordinator of budgets
and programs, and thus more closely related to the functions of the Office of Management and Budget than the development of
presidential policy. This role dramatically enhances the position of the scientific community to argue for its share of federal
expenditures. At the same time, scientific and technological expertise permeates every function of government policy and politics,
and the science advisor is only rarely involved in wider White House decision making. The actual role of the science advisor
as compared to its heady initial days, in the context of an overall rise of governmental expertise, provides ample reason
to reconsider the role of the presidential science advisor, and to set our expectations for that role accordingly.
相似文献
| Roberta KleinEmail: |
11.
Roy Macleod 《Minerva》2008,46(1):53-76
In 1925, A.J. Balfour, first Earl Balfour and author of the famous ‘Balfour Declaration’, attended the inauguration of the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His education and experience of foreign policy equipped him to take a prominent role. However,
the conditions of strife-torn Palestine weighed heavily upon him, and raised wider interests of imperial concern. This essay
recounts the circumstances leading to his visit, and suggests that, whatever the region’s political destiny, Balfour’s vision
of science-based economic development would play an essential role in crafting its future.
相似文献
| Roy MacleodEmail: |
12.
Peder Anker 《Minerva》2007,45(4):417-434
Buckminster Fuller’s experiences in the Navy became a model for his ecological design projects and suggestions for the global
management of ‘Spaceship Earth’. Inspired by technocratic ideas of the 1930s, Fuller envisaged, in the 1970s, an elitist world
without politics, in which designers were at the helm, steering the planet out of its environmental crises.
相似文献
| Peder AnkerEmail: |
13.
Andrea Bonaccorsi 《Minerva》2008,46(3):285-315
The article addresses the issue of dynamics of science, in particular of new sciences born in twentieth century and developed
after the Second World War (information science, materials science, life science). The article develops the notion of search
regime as an abstract characterization of dynamic patterns, based on three dimensions: the rate of growth, the degree of internal
diversity of science and the associated dynamics (convergent vs. proliferating), and the nature of complementarity. The article
offers a conceptual discussion for the argument that new sciences follow a different pattern than established sciences and
presents preliminary evidence drawn from original data in particle physics, computer science and nanoscience.
相似文献
| Andrea BonaccorsiEmail: |
14.
STS research has devoted relatively little attention to the promotion and reception of science and technology by non-scientific
actors and institutions. One consequence is that the relationship of science and technology to political power has tended
to remain undertheorized. This article aims to fill that gap by introducing the concept of “sociotechnical imaginaries.” Through
a comparative examination of the development and regulation of nuclear power in the US and South Korea, the article demonstrates
the analytic potential of the imaginaries concept. Although nuclear power and nationhood have long been imagined together
in both countries, the nature of those imaginations has remained strikingly different. In the US, the state’s central move
was to present itself as a responsible regulator of a potentially runaway technology that demands effective “containment.”
In South Korea, the dominant imaginary was of “atoms for development” which the state not only imported but incorporated into
its scientific, technological and political practices. In turn, these disparate imaginaries have underwritten very different
responses to a variety of nuclear shocks and challenges, such as Three Mile Island (TMI), Chernobyl, and the spread of the
anti-nuclear movement.
Sheila Jasanoff is Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Her research centers on the interactions of law, science, and politics in democratic societies. She is particularly concerned with the construction of public reason in various cultural contexts, and with the role of science and technology in globalization. Her most recent book is Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States. Sang-Hyun Kim is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. He received Ph.D.’s in chemistry from Oxford and in history and sociology of science from Edinburgh. His research interests include the cultural politics of science and technology in twentieth-century Korea, the politics of expertise, the governance of science and technology, and the history and politics of environmental sciences. 相似文献
| Sang-Hyun KimEmail: |
Sheila Jasanoff is Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Her research centers on the interactions of law, science, and politics in democratic societies. She is particularly concerned with the construction of public reason in various cultural contexts, and with the role of science and technology in globalization. Her most recent book is Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States. Sang-Hyun Kim is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. He received Ph.D.’s in chemistry from Oxford and in history and sociology of science from Edinburgh. His research interests include the cultural politics of science and technology in twentieth-century Korea, the politics of expertise, the governance of science and technology, and the history and politics of environmental sciences. 相似文献
15.
Eun-Sung Kim 《Minerva》2008,46(4):463-484
This study explores the history of nanotechnology from the perspective of protein engineering, which differs from the history
of nanotechnology that has arisen from mechanical and materials engineering; it also demonstrates points of convergence between
the two. Focusing on directed evolution—an experimental system of molecular biomimetics that mimics nature as an inspiration
for material design—this study follows the emergence of an evolutionary experimental system from the 1960s to the present,
by detailing the material culture, practices, and techniques involved. Directed evolution, as an aspect of nanobiotechnology,
is also distinct from the dominant biotechnologies of the 20th century. The experimental systems of directed evolution produce
new ways of thinking about molecular diversity that could affect concepts concerning both biology and life.
Eun-Sung Kim is currently working at the Biotechnology Policy Research Center at the Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. His academic career has been built on risk, bioethics, and science studies associated with life science, biomedicine, and the environment. He has published in Science, Technology, and Human Values and New Genetics and Society. His current interest is in social and policy studies of technological convergence. 相似文献
| Eun-Sung KimEmail: |
Eun-Sung Kim is currently working at the Biotechnology Policy Research Center at the Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. His academic career has been built on risk, bioethics, and science studies associated with life science, biomedicine, and the environment. He has published in Science, Technology, and Human Values and New Genetics and Society. His current interest is in social and policy studies of technological convergence. 相似文献
16.
Why has cultural economics ignored copyright? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ruth Towse 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2008,32(4):243-259
My stance is that copyright policy should be viewed as part of cultural policy; cultural economists have had a great deal
to say about subsidy and cultural policy but very little about copyright, though cultural economics is well placed to analyse
copyright as an incentive to creativity in the creative industries because of its understanding of cultural policy and of
artists’ labour markets. The article contrasts subsidy and copyright as policy tools and briefly discusses two current policy
problems in relation to copyright—regulating copyright collection societies and the so-called ‘copyright levy’—arguing that
these are the sort of issues cultural economists could (and should) be dealing with.
相似文献
| Ruth TowseEmail: |
17.
Governments often see it as their responsibility to support cultural life and at times spend a significant amount of resources
in the pursuit of this goal. The present article analyses whether and how municipalities influence each other in this decision
to spend resources on the arts (using data on local government cultural spending in 304 Flemish municipalities in 2002). Following
‘central place theory’, the focal point of the analysis is the idea that––especially for cultural expenditures––large municipalities
(and, specifically, ‘central places’) may affect their neighbours’ behaviour differently than small municipalities. The empirical
analysis supports this idea. Indeed, we show that Flemish municipalities’ cultural spending is generally positively affected
by that in neighbouring municipalities. This pattern is, however, significantly more complex for municipalities neighbouring
the 13 largest Flemish cities.
相似文献
| Benny Geys (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
Geographic clustering of economic activity: The case of prominent western visual artists 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This article compiles original data relating to artists’ place of birth and work migration patterns using various art history
dictionaries. The broad historic pattern, from the 13th to the 20th century, of the birth locations of prominent artists is examined, followed
by a detailed study of the work migration patterns of prominent artists in two important situations, namely Renaissance Italy
and France in part of the 19th century. The evidence indicates a marked clustering of activity of prominent artists, both
arising from birth location and migration patterns. Some possible explanations for the observed patterns are briefly outlined.
相似文献
| John O’HaganEmail: |
19.
Carlos A. Ulibarri 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2009,33(2):135-149
This paper applies a perpetual option-pricing model in examining historical returns on paintings. A key development of the
paper is formalizing a structural relationship between rational investment decisions and historical returns to art ownership.
In this regard the options’ framework yields choice-theoretic implications on the relationship among risk, convenience yields
from art ownership, and investor ‘hurdle prices’—prices triggering the purchase and sale of artworks at auction. The methodology
offers testable implications concerning the adjustment dynamics in the relationship between historical art returns and risk-free
yields. The implications are examined in a case study of paintings of major art schools using error correction methodology.
We find evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between painting types and risk-free bond yields, and some indication
of buyers and sellers preferring exchange environments not prone to “speculative resales.”
相似文献
| Carlos A. UlibarriEmail: |
20.
Laurel Smith-Doerr 《Minerva》2008,46(1):1-16
Many graduate programmes in science now require courses in ethics. However, little is known about their reception or use.
Using websites and interviews, this essay examines ethics requirements in the field of biosciences in three countries (the
United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Italy) between 2000 and 2005. Evidence suggests that current policies may
be ineffective, and that scientists who take ethical issues seriously are seen as exceptional.
相似文献
| Laurel Smith-DoerrEmail: |