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研究了合成1,4-丁二磺酸二钠盐的工艺。在1,4-丁二磺酸二钠盐的合成过程中,由于在反应体系中加入表面活性剂EDTA,最佳反应时间只要约3 h,与文献[1]中长达36 h相比,大大缩短了反应时间,反应平均转化率为99.39%。建立了用高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)测定1,4-丁二磺酸的定量分析方法。分析条件为:非涂层毛细管柱为50μm×81 cm(AGILENT),缓冲液:20 mmol硼砂溶液(pH=9.24),检测波长:191.2 nm,电压进样,进样电压30 kV,进样时间5 s。对标准曲线、精密度、准确度及重现性进行了研究。该方法的线性相关系数0.999,日内变异系数0.8%,日间变异系数0.5%,回收率96.5%。HPCE法具有准确性高、重现性好、灵敏度高及快速测定的优点,非常适合于1,4-丁二磺酸二钠盐含量的测定。 相似文献
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本文对头孢吡肟E-异构体的合成和含量测定进行了研究。方法为固定相为:Aeris WIDEPORE XB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5um),乙腈-0.04%磷酸二氢铵溶液-三乙胺(15:85:0.1)为流动相,检测波长为254nm;此测定方法准确、重现性好;该合成工艺成本低、收率高,适合工业生产。 相似文献
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1,4-萘醌用气相色谱法定量,用Agilent 7890A气相色谱,氢火焰离子化(FID)检测器、HP-530m×250mm×0.32mm毛细管柱进行定量分析,测定的结果:1,4-萘醌与内标物的比值在0.201-1.981之间具有良好的线性范围;线性回归方程为y=0.8901X+0.0655,相关系数R2=0.993;平均回收率是99.40%,变异系数为0.45%。 相似文献
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本文论述了以4-氯-2-硝基苯腈为原料,在Fecl3及Fe粉催化作用下还原生成2-氨基-4-氯苯甲腈,然后在三乙胺盐酸盐的催化作用下与叠氮化钠反应合成5-氯-2-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯胺的过程,产品结构经IR、1HNMR、MS测定得到认证,含量达到99%,收率75%。 相似文献
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目的:合成头孢卡品酯中间体2-(2-叔丁氧基碳酰氨唑-4-基)-2-戊烯酸(a)。方法:首先,以4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,与硫脲反应成环,然后加(BOC)2O保护氨基,然后与丙醛在-60～-50℃反应,再加入碱解成酸,加五氯化磷成酰氯。结果:合成化合物a的总收率为59%。结论:本合成工艺提高了收率,并且操作工艺简单易行,适合工业化生产。 相似文献
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利用基于Box-Behnken设计的响应面优化了影响β-衣康酸单甲酯合成的3个关键因素:反应温度、反应时间和底物摩尔比.获得催化合成的最佳条件为:反应温度:58.98℃,时间:0.5 s,底物摩尔比:3.71,收率为99.2％.通过气相色谱和熔点测定的方法对产品进行了初步的鉴定. 相似文献
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本文对头孢克肟侧链活性酯的合成进行研究并对其含量进行测定。测定方法:采用奥特赛恩斯C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),乙腈-0.04%磷酸二氢铵溶液-三乙胺(25:75:0.1),检测波长为254nm,流速为0.9ml/min,柱温为30℃。此测定方法准确、重现性好;该工艺路线操作简便,成本低,适合工业生产。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献