共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2012,64(3):239-250
ABSTRACT Debate about manpower forecasting has continued for 25 years or more. The investigation reported here is an attempt to add to the debate. It focusses on the provision of secondary technical education in Egypt and the demand for technical school graduates, especially graduates from courses in agriculture. Egypt's secondary school system is more strongly vocationally oriented than that in most other developing countries. The approach used in the investigation has two components: interviews with potential employers and interviews with secondary school graduates. The supply of graduates from agriculture schools is seen to be far greater than likely demand. Severe constraints on the effective working of the labour market are apparent. 相似文献
2.
U. Muralidhar Jagdeesh C. Kalla 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(1):67-80
Abstract The study is an attempt to report the growth and status of agricultural education in India and to project a future scenario. The forecast made for trained agricultural manpower is based on socio-economic considerations which are then converted into an educational plan. Issues relating to educational policy to achieve supply-demand adjustments are subsequently discussed. Three main recommendations have emerged from this study. First, the number of diploma holders at the lower end of the professional ladder needs to be increased to cater for the social demand for more trained and readily available manpower to help clientele (farmers) to enhance the level of their awareness concerning technological developments in agriculture. Second, the number of specializations at postgraduate level needs to be decreased and agricultural education needs to be more broad based in commensuration with occupational demands. This would allow skilled and qualified manpower to be directed into areas of employment where they are needed most. Third, the participation of the private sector in the institutionalization of agricultural education may offer healthy competition to state supported agricultural universities and inculcate better entrepreneurship. Finally, recommendations pertaining to the job preferences of graduates and remedies to certain internal inconsistencies such as inbreeding in the system are also made. 相似文献
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4.
Elaine Wilson 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(2):239-240
Abstract Over the past decade, educational policy in Britain, as in other industrial nations, has been increasingly driven by the concern that higher education should serve the needs of the economy more effectively. The report Highly Qualified People: supply and demand reflects this concern and attempts to establish from employers Britain's likely requirement, in the 1990s, for such expensively educated labour. Though the report concluded that Britain needed more graduates over the next few years, closer scrutiny of its data suggests a very different conclusion ‐ not that Britain needs more graduates to prosper, but rather that Britain needs first to prosper before it is likely to want the graduates it already produces. 相似文献
5.
B. R. S. Chivore 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):201-226
This article is based on two major studies. One study was carried out in 1985 and the other in 1987. The discussion examines Form IV Cambridge School Certificate pupils' aspirations in Zimbabwe with special reference to the post‐independence period. Among the main factors said to determine pupils' aspirations, highlighted in the study include: the class structures of scoiety, parents' occupations, gender, the urban‐rural dichotomy and the type of schools attended. Pupils' aspirations for a developing country such as Zimbabwe have implications for the country's education policies. These implications are in areas such as the expansion of educational provisions, universal primary education, material provision, educational costs, manpower supply and demand and entry into the University. As far as cost implications are concerned, there is debate in Zimbabwe as to whether the country can afford free and compulsory primary education given limited resources. At the same time limited resources have affected the quality of education. This article attempts to give suggestions as to what education policy makers could do to improve upon the situation. 相似文献
6.
Careers in dairy: adolescents perceptions and attitudes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marion Beecher Monica Gorman Paidi Kelly Brendan Horan 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(5):415-430
ABSTRACTPurpose: This paper examines the attitudes and perceptions of Irish adolescents towards potential careers in dairy farming within the context of generational renewal for a dynamic agri-food sector.Design/methodology/approach: The lens of occupational choice theory was used to present a framework within which potential careers are considered. A questionnaire-survey was undertaken with 490 Irish adolescents (15–18 yrs).Findings: While parents have the greatest influence on the career choices of adolescents, there was a positive correlation between studying agricultural science in school and considering an agricultural related career. Adolescent's attitudes towards careers in dairy farming were subject to perceptions about gender, farm ownership, potential income and work-life balance. There was a high degree of openness to gaining work experience on dairy farms.Practical implications: With an increased interest in agricultural science in second level schools in Ireland, the findings point to opportunities to influence awareness and attitudes of adolescents and their parents about career possibilities in dairy farming and to encourage both familial and non-familiar generational renewal.Theoretical implications: The paper contributes an understanding of career choices and aspirations in adolescence to add to the growing body of literature on generational renewal in farming.Originality/value: This paper focuses specifically on dairy farming, providing more detailed information about adolescents’ perceptions of dairy farming careers. The study highlights the positive relationship between studying agricultural science in school and subsequent interest in agricultural related careers. The results indicate that generation renewal in agriculture can be enhanced by giving increased attention to agriculture in school curricula. 相似文献
7.
通过对杨凌地区52家农业企业(包括部分涉农企业)的第一手调查，依据资料及相关数据分析了农业职业岗位的现状、农业职业岗位人员供需状况以及岗位人员所需的知识结构，以此引发了对农业高职教育的思考。列举了目前农业高职教育面临的问题，提出了具体解决途径。 相似文献
8.
Abstract The origin of agricultural knowledge innovation systems in the Netherlands goes back to the crisis situation in European agriculture of the late nineteenth century, which was met by putting a concerted effort in strengthening of competitive ability. The resulting close-knit evolution of the triad research/extension/training has largely determined the orientation of the present agricultural education and research system. Strengths and weaknesses of this system are listed and briefly discussed. Post-graduate agricultural education in the Netherlands, concentrated at Wageningen Agricultural University, is in state of transition in the two following, inter-related aspects:
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1.Internationalization. After many generations of Wageningen graduates have experienced the benefit of an international element in their training through a practical period abroad, organizational adjustments to a more comprehensive, ‘two-way’ internationalization (i.e., also providing access to foreign students) are now underway.
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2.Structuring a post-graduate curriculum. Important in this context are the recent institutionalization of research activities in areas of acknowledged strength into a number of ‘Centres of Excellence’ (onderzoekscholen) and initial moves towards establishment of graduate schools.
9.
要实现人力需求预测在教育规划中的准确应用,最为关键的环节在于如何将对未来职业的需求转化为对各级各类教育水平的人才的需求。这是一个非常困难但是可以完成的任务。转换的方法可以包括趋势外推法、国际比较法以及雇主访谈法等。 相似文献
10.
M.C. Verma 《International Journal of Educational Development》1984,4(3):173-221
Skilled manpower forecasts are considered the essence of national or regional manpower planning. A variety of such forecasts in such a vast and complex country as India is not unexpected. Skilled manpower was and continues to be considered an essential building block for nation-building in most developing countries including India. Indeed, it has been difficult to rationalise expenditure on most new educational institutions — technical or non-technical — in India with its vast problems of high illiteracy and low per capita income without some manpower demand forecasts.Given this setting, this paper has attempted to take a close and dispassionate look at the experience of India in manpower planning, especially since Independence. The paper has reviewed the methodology used in the various exercises made for such forecasts — sometimes done right up to matriculation level — and attempted many realisation comparisons. Even for the high professional categories such as engineers, scientists and doctors it has found serious discrepancies. While it has tried to rationalise them and assessed their actual impact on educational decision-making, it had to take note of very serious data constraints which make both supply and demand estimates difficult. The data situation in the predominantly agrarian Indian economy has therefore been carefully reviewed and suggestions for adjustments and improvements of data made.Since occupational structures and their evolution are almost a sine qua non of a classical manpower requirements approach, the paper takes a close look at the latest available data from the Census and other sources. It certainly found growth in occupational divisions 0, 1 and 2, but sometimes cannot separate the genuine growth from that due to the ‘supply’ effect. Despite all these limitations the paper notices that manpower planning activity continues to be favoured at practically all levels — national, State, regional or industrial. 相似文献
11.
提高农业推广学课程教学质量的理论与实践探索 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从现代农业大学教育理念和现代化大农业对人才素质的需要出发,针对农业推广学课程特点,在多年教学实践与探索的基础上,总结分析了农业推广学的课程性质、在我国农业新的发展历史时期农业推广学在农科和管理学科中的学科交叉、不可替代和提高综合素质方面的地位与作用,提出了新时期提高农业推广学课程教学效果的主要措施。 相似文献
12.
Max Kelly 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):167-181
Abstract Purpose: This article analyses the role, approach, issues and opportunities faced by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the promotion of agriculture in Timor Leste from independence through to the countrywide roll out of a public extension service in 2009. Design/methodology/approach: The research draws on semi-structured interviews with NGO personnel, local, national and international, actively involved in agricultural development to ascertain how organisations engage with communities, their objectives, inputs, coverage and impacts. The analysis is based on the framework developed by Birner et al. (2009) for pluralistic advisory services, and the discussion is framed by contemporary NGO discourse. Findings:This article argues that NGOs have a central role in agricultural development, with particular advantages that can be built upon, however there must be explicit acknowledgement of the complex nature of the NGO and civil society, and a critical awareness of the need for strategic thinking, communication and coordination for effective aid. Practical implication: NGOs play a central role in agricultural development. There is a need for a more nuanced understanding of the opportunities and limitations of the NGO sector, both as service providers but also more broadly as part of civil society. Originality/value: Funding directed to the NGO sector for implementation of development projects is prolific. There is substantial discourse on partnerships between NGOs and other actors. However, little of the debate appears within discussions on agricultural service provision. 相似文献
13.
Mahsa Saadvandi Homayoun Farhadian Kiumars Zarafshani Harm Biemans 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2019,25(4):307-322
Purpose: This quantitative study sought to investigate the perceptions of teachers and students regarding competency-based education (CBE) principles at the College of Agriculture at Razi University.Design: This research is a comparative analysis of two groups. The first group consists of undergraduate and graduate students majoring in agriculture who are members and non-members of student cooperatives (n?=?256). The second group consists of agricultural faculty members (n?=?59).Findings: The results of this study show that students and teachers have different views with regard to the extent to which CBE principles are practiced in the College of Agriculture. Moreover, students with different learning patterns had different perceptions regarding the extent to which CBE is practiced, whereas teachers with different teaching patterns had the same perception of the application of CBE principles in the College of Agriculture.Practical implications: This study has practical implications for agricultural higher education in general and colleges of agriculture in particular. Colleges of agriculture across Iran could encourage their students to establish and engage in student cooperatives so that the ‘what’ and ‘how’ aspects of CBE are put into practice.Theoretical implications: This study has theoretical implications for CBE principles. For example, student cooperatives can be utilized by faculty members as one of the main strategies for developing CBE in agricultural colleges.Originality/value: This study is original in that it moves from theory to practice when considering CBE. 相似文献
14.
《Higher Education in Europe》1979,4(2):44-46
The system of higher education in Turkey is designed to meet the manpower requirements of the economy. However, from the point of view of the individual it is perceived as a means of upward social mobility and material betterment. For these reasons, the demand for higher education in Turkey is very high whereas the supply of higher education possibilities is limited. In this situation, the problem of admission to Turkish higher education is an important educational, social, economic and political issue.
The following article is based on the report written by Professor Alton Günalp, Director of the Inter‐university Student Selection and Placement Centre (USYM) in Ankara. It discusses recent developments in and the present situation of student admission to higher education in Turkey. 相似文献
15.
Marcello De Rosa Luca Bartoli Giuseppe La Rocca 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(5):513-535
AbstractPurpose: The aim of the paper is to analyse the attitude of Italian farms in gaining access to agricultural extension services (AES).Design/methodology/approach: The ways Italian farms use AES are described through the AKAP (Awareness, Knowledge, Adoption, Product) sequence. This article investigated the AKAP sequence by submitting a questionnaire to a sample of Italian farms, providing questions on each step of the sequence.Findings: The results confirm the validity of the model and the necessity to evaluate AES in each phase of the sequence, through an in-depth analysis of the possible motivation for not adopting them.Practical implications: The functional repositioning of agriculture redefines the role of the farm, by introducing new possibilities of production and by fostering multifunctional activities. In this context, new tasks for AES emerge, aiming at sustaining farm development along either sectorial or territorial paths. Difficulties in adopting AES call for both fostering higher levels of access to services on behalf of farms and the adequate supply of services to farms' new needs.Originality/value: AKAP models have been prevailingly used in developing countries to evaluate the efficacy of extension in increasing agricultural productivity. This article demonstrates how this model could be of help in developed agriculture too in performing new lines of development rooted in the new models of multifunctional agriculture. 相似文献
16.
Nicholas P. Glytsos 《Higher Education》1990,19(4):397-418
Projections ten years ahead are made of employment of university educated workers by field of study and of corresponding educational flows. On the demand side, projections are based on trends of sectoral output, productivity and occupational composition. On the supply side, projections rely on first year enrollments/graduates ratios by educational department.In a decade, new job seekers are found to be twice as many as new job openings. By 1995, about 15 per cent of the total stock of graduates will have to accept non-appropriate jobs, presumably at relatively low wages.The Greek public sector, as a heavy subsidizer of higher education and as the major employer of graduates, plays a decisive role in sustaining imbalances. In conclusion, some policy implications for reducing imbalances are highlighted. 相似文献
17.
农工学院的创建及其对内战后美国农业经济腾飞的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国国会1862年颁布的《莫雷尔法案》,是美国高等教育史上最重要的教育法令之一。《莫雷尔法案》及其随后相关法令的颁布实施,促进了内战后美国各州农工学院的大发展,为美国内战后农业发展提供了强有力的人才保障和智力支持,促进了美国内战后农业经济的飞速发展。这对于我国目前正在进行的高等教育改革,具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
18.
J. Barloy 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):11-19
Abstract Current changes in agricultural and food science higher education in Central and Eastern Europe are interesting for the analysis of the repercussions of post communist economic and social transition, particularly in the adaptation and restructuring of scientific and technical education. Using an institutional approach and referring to their experiences of these educational systems, the authors provide a Western view of current transformations and areas of development of higher education in agricultural and food sciences in the countries concerned. The emergence of a new social demand and of new systems of access to employment implies re-evaluation and adaptation of former training models. The authors suggest that the current reflection on the question should focus on three key issues:
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-redefinition of the role and function of managers in the agricultural and food economic sector;
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-replacement of a production-oriented approach by a more comprehensive approach to the problem of rural development;
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-recognition of the educational value of biological sciences as both models and tools for the acquisition of knowledge and the management of complex systems.
19.
Mahtab Pouratashi 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(5):467-477
Purpose: This paper examined levels and determinants of entrepreneurial intentions amongst agricultural students. Methodology: The statistical population comprised students in colleges of agriculture at University of Tehran. By use of a random sampling method, a sample of 120 students participated in the study. The instrument for data collection was a pen and paper questionnaire. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were determined through calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and opinions of scientific board members.
Findings: The findings revealed that about a half of the respondents had medium entrepreneurial intentions. There were differences in entrepreneurial intentions between students who had attended entrepreneurship courses and those who had not. Also, there were differences in entrepreneurial intentions between students who had self-employed parents and those who had not. According to the findings, education support, personality traits and skill were the three factors that influenced the entrepreneurial intentions of students.
Practical Implications: Since education support has a significant impact on students' intention to start their own businesses, it is essential for agricultural colleges to integrate entrepreneurship education into their educational programs through curriculum development. It is also recommended that agricultural colleges introduce entrepreneurship ideas as a starting point for students to motivate them. 相似文献
20.
邢台市人口数量大、粮食需求、土地供给矛盾突出,在农业发展中,产生了一些不可忽视的污染现象,而农业面源污染的防治是实现农业可持续发展的基本保障。邢台市农业面源污染比较严重,污染源主要包括化学肥料污染、化学农药污染、农膜污染、畜禽养殖业污染和生活废弃物污染;污染带来耕地质量下降、农产品和水质质量变差、破坏生态平衡等危害;防治对策包括技术措施、管理措施及宣传教育措施等。 相似文献