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基于国家创新体系下的创新政策框架,对1997—2008年中国中小企业创新政策的研究表明:中国国家创新体系中并没有给予中小企业创新活动合适的位置,这在组织结构、立法、金融资源、商业创新支持体系和人力资源政策方面都有所体现。中国创新政策的研究和制定更受到注重创新和知识创造的国家创新体系狭义概念的影响,以及中国"追赶使命导向"的技术政策目标导向,共同解释了国家的创新政策供给更偏向支持大型企业,倾向让中小企业面对市场规则,即中小企业创新活动游离在国家创新体系之外的这种局面。国家创新体系本身概念的发展和中国技术政策目标的不断调整将使这种局面得以改善。 相似文献
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Modeling the relative efficiency of national innovation systems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although a large amount of past research has theorized about the character of national innovation systems (NISs), there has been limited process-oriented empirical investigation of this matter, possibly for methodological reasons. In this paper, we first propose a relational network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for measuring the innovation efficiency of the NIS by decomposing the innovation process into a network with a two-stage innovation production framework, an upstream knowledge production process (KPP) and a downstream knowledge commercialization process (KCP). Although the concept of innovation efficiency is a simplification of the innovation process, it may be a useful tool for guiding policy decisions. We subsequently use a second-step partial least squares regression (PLSR) to examine the effects of policy-based institutional environment on innovation efficiency, considering statistical problems such as multicollinearity, small datasets and a small number of distribution assumptions. The hybrid two-step analytical procedure is used to consider 22 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. A significant rank difference, which indicates a non-coordinated relationship between upstream R&D (research and development) efficiency and downstream commercialization efficiency, is identified for most countries. The evidence also indicates that the overall innovation efficiency of an NIS is mainly subject to downstream commercial efficiency performance and that improving commercial efficiency should thus be a primary consideration in future innovation policy-making in most OECD countries. Finally, the results obtained using PLSR show that the various factors chosen to represent the embedded policy-based institutional environment have a significant influence on the efficiency performance of the two individual component processes, confirming the impact of public policy interventions undertaken by the government on the innovation performance of NISs. Based on these key findings, some country-specific and process-specific innovation policies have been suggested. 相似文献
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关于国家创新系统演变的经济学思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上世纪90年代以来,国家创新系统(NIS)作为分析国家层面技术创新的框架,受到了国际学术界的普遍关注。然而迄今为止,学术界对国家创新系统的认识还存在较多争议,尤其是对发展中国家创新系统的研究还很不完善。本文试图从经济学的视角来解释国家创新系统演变的内在机理,以及政府政策和国际环境对于国家创新系统转变的影响。分析发现,影响“创新供给”的因素和影响“创新需求”的因素,都会作用于一国创新系统的变化,最终是一国的科技及经济发展水平决定一国创新系统的特征。 相似文献
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Naubahar Sharif 《Research Policy》2006,35(5):745-766
Adopting a science and technology studies (S&TS) perspective and organized around eight major themes, this paper analyzes the development of the National Innovation Systems (NIS) concept, examining how the formal body of codified NIS knowledge was produced, developed and spread, and how it is used. In order to trace its history, I interviewed major advocates of the NIS concept to understand how and why it has become so widespread in academic and policymaking circles. The eight themes serve as ‘missing pieces’ to explain the early history of the NIS concept. 相似文献
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This paper, using Thailand as a case study, aims at understanding the national innovation system (NIS) in developing countries which are less successful in technological catching-up. In contrast to developed countries, the development level of Thailand’s NIS does not link to its economic structural development level. As Thailand moves from agricultural to an increasingly industrial economy, its NIS remains weak and fragmented. The mismatch between the two affected Thailand’s competitiveness and partially contributed to the recent economic crisis. Studies of NIS in countries like Thailand should focus on factors contributing to the long-running perpetuation of weak and fragmented NIS. 相似文献
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国家创新体系理论的八个基本假定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
根据拉卡托斯有关理论体系的理论硬核及其保护带的论述,通过对国家创新体系理论八个基本假定的分析,进一步深化了对国家创新体系理论的认识。本文认为,国家创新体系是一种有关科技知识流动和应用的制度安排;这种流动是通过国家创新体系各组成部分的相互作用而实现的;这种相互作用在本质上是一种学习;国家边界对于这种科技知识的流动是有影响的;国家专有因素直接影响到这种科技知识流动的效率与方向;科技知识流动的效率和方向又直接影响到一国的经济增长实绩;国家创新体系也存在着制度失效问题;不存在国家创新体系的最优模式。 相似文献
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Flemming Sørensen 《Research Policy》2010,39(3):313-322
This paper discusses the possible applications of different types of experiment methods in innovation research. The paper argues that the experiment as a research method has been a largely missed opportunity in innovation research, in particular for creating applicable knowledge for businesses and organisations in the shape of new innovation tools and methods. The paper applies an analytically based limitation of the experiment method which includes an array of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The use of experiments for such purposes is illustrated through a comparative study of four experiments concerning open innovation in service businesses and organisations. The case studies show how different experiment methods provide new opportunities for innovation research and how they can create new and applicable knowledge about open innovation. Thus the paper argues for applying experiments as an addition to other research methods in innovation research. 相似文献
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作为简化的创新系统,创新集群的发展有赖于知识、组织和制度等创新要素的互动和协同。现有研究主要关注技术要素,忽略了社会理念、社会知识、文化遗产等宏观意义上的知识范畴,对于组织要素的考察也不够充分,因此,本文讨论和研究了创新集群中知识、组织和制度的共生演化,基于技术史的视域,采用复制法制,通过美国硅谷、德国合成染料创新集群两个典型创新集群的发展历程,识别和描绘了创新集群中知识、组织和制度共生演化的路径。 相似文献
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The literatures on ‘varieties of capitalism’ (VoC) and ‘national innovation systems’ (NIS) propose very similar arguments about how firms require different types of labour qualifications to pursue strategies of radical product innovation (RPI), incremental product innovation (IPI), and product imitation (PI) respectively. Despite their similar lines of reasoning, however, the VoC scholars are concerned with the skill profiles of a firm's entire workforce, whereas the NIS proponents focus on the knowledge base of scientists. Given that both literatures have developed without explicitly taking the arguments of the neighbouring discipline into account, it is thus unclear whether they explain the same, or different, phenomena. Furthermore, both literatures propose firm level arguments but test them on the basis of macro- rather than micro-level indicators. This paper therefore asks: first, does micro-level evidence support the VoC and NIS arguments that particular types of employee skills and knowledge backgrounds of scientists are needed for different competitive strategies? And, if so, do RPI, IPI, and PI firms need to employ scientists in combination with a workforce having the respective qualifications, or is it sufficient if scientists or employees alone are adequately qualified. Quantitative analyses indicate that a particular mix of scientific knowledge combined with employee skills facilitate RPI, IPI, and PI strategies. The article thus concludes that - despite their similar reasoning - the VoC and the NIS literatures indeed describe different phenomena, without being aware of the synergies created whenever adequate employee and scientific qualifications are hired together. 相似文献
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The dynamics of national innovation systems (NISs) are a source of considerable academic and policy interest, especially when to address new competitive challenges they involve changing institutions and relationships within successful systems. This paper examines the case of Taiwan which is embarking on a new phase in its approach to building its national innovative capacity through creating the infrastructure for a biotechnology industry. By examining the process and mechanisms by which new biotechnology innovation networks are being created, and contrasting their development with existing networks, we analyse the dynamics of Taiwan's NIS. The paper reviews the prospects for this new phase in Taiwan's transition from ‘imitation’ to ‘innovation’. The paper aims to add to the understanding of how innovation systems evolve. It is concerned with the contributors, processes and challenges of NIS evolution and the form and meaning of its dynamic changes. 相似文献
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在知识创新为主导的时代,知识创新推动着社会经济转型、社会组织变革和科学技术发展,并成为学术界研究的重要议题。本文以文献引证研究法为基础,通过定量分析知识创新研究议题、研究热点的发展和演化,探讨了知识创新研究未来可能的研究方向和研究机会。研究结果显示,知识创新中16个具有重要价值的研究议题呈动态变化,多数研究议题完成了从战略视角到操作视角的方向性转变,且呈现出不同的发展态势,同时揭示出跨越边界的知识团队创新、开放式知识创新、知识分享与知识转移、网络化知识创新等议题在未来的研究机会。研究结论消除了有关研究中在文献回顾时定量分析较少的质疑,使引证研究法确实成为知识创新文献研究的有力支撑和补充。研究能客观地揭示专家评估法等所没有察觉到的研究议题和未来研究趋势,以减少学者们在文献回顾中繁重、重复的工作,对研究人员和管理者精准把握知识创新研究的方向和未来具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。 相似文献
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Jan Fagerberg 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1568-1576
The topics addressed in this paper concern the (much-needed) transition to sustainability and what role (innovation) policy can play in speeding up such changes. In their Discussion Paper Schot and Steinmueller (2018) argue that the existing theorizing and knowledge bases within the field of innovation studies are “unfit” for this task and that a totally new approach is required. This paper takes issue with this claim. Policy advice, it is argued, needs to be anchored in the accumulated research on the issue at hand, in this case, innovation. The paper therefore starts by distilling some important insights on innovation from the accumulated research on this topic and, with this in mind, considers various policy approaches that have been suggested for influencing innovation and sustainability transitions. Finally, the lessons for the development and implementation of transformative innovation policy are considered. It is concluded that the existing theorizing and knowledge base in innovation studies may be of great relevance when designing policies for dealing with climate change and sustainability transitions. 相似文献
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本文对30年来创新系统研究的发展进行了分析，涵盖了国家创新系统（NIS），区域创新系统（RIS），产业创新系统（SIS）以及技术创新系统（TIS）。文章按照创新系统研究的演化历程，分析了每个创新系统方法的理论起源，考察了引用最多的案例研究，分析了空间边界和分析单元，探讨了基本组成要素功能和分类方法，以厘清创新系统研究的理论体系，并在此基础上提出了每个创新系统研究方法需要进一步的研究。最后，对创新系统今后的研究进行了展望：加强创新系统方法的指向性和规范性导向；对创新系统分析框架内的最新方法进行整合，开展全球创新系统研究；加强对新兴经济体国家的研究，进一步证明创新系统理论在不同国家情境下的适用性。 相似文献
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Many years after the introduction of the innovation system concept in innovation policy design, it is still not clear whether innovation policy evaluation practices follow a system approach. Building on evaluation and innovation studies, this article develops the concept ‘system oriented innovation policy evaluation’ based on four attributes (coverage, perspective, temporality and expertise). The attributes are used as analytical devices for gathering extensive empirical evidence on the actual practices of EU28 member states. The findings show that few countries have developed a type of innovation policy evaluation that is system oriented. The advent of a system approach to innovation policy evaluation offers the opportunity of comprehensive, contextualized and evidence-based innovation policy-making. However, there are still serious obstacles as such an approach requires important knowledge and organisational capacities. Overcoming these obstacles would need more decided evaluation capacity-building at the national level. 相似文献
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Science, technology and innovation have grown in importance over the last 50 years as we have moved towards a more knowledge-intensive society (the ‘knowledge society’). A number of new research fields have emerged in an effort to understand these developments and to offer advice to decision-makers in government, industry and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on studies of three relatively distinct though thematically related research fields (innovation studies, entrepreneurship studies, and science and technology studies). The first three articles use a particular methodology based on analysis of the references cited in the chapters to authoritative ‘handbooks’ to identify the core contributions in the three fields. A fourth article examines the relationship between the core literatures in three fields and how this has evolved over time. Other articles look at the evolution of innovation studies as reflected in highly cited papers, at the development of entrepreneurship as seen by a key ‘insider’, and at the creation of new centres in these fields and the difficulties they face. The last article in this special issue shows how interdisciplinary centres in innovation studies suffer from research assessment systems that are intrinsically biased against interdisciplinary research. This introduction presents a synthesis of the articles in this special issue, discusses similarities and differences between the three fields and their development over time, and considers challenges for policy and governance arising from the research presented here. 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2023,7(1):68-86
This study draws a historical picture of conceptual linkages of innovation systems (IS) and global value chains (GVC). We used a co-citation technique to map the evolution of these two fields since 1990. We highlighted the connecting nodes over the past three decades. The first decade witnessed a connection between national innovation systems (NIS) and GVC, mediated by regional studies related to industrial clusters and district-based innovation. The tradeoff between tacit sticky local and codified transferable global knowledge and innovation and learning's importance in upgrading in GVC generated two new routes in the second decade. In the last decade, although these routes are retained, their mediating nodes have changed with the literature on technology and sustainable transition from IS and the path dependency role in the evolution of districts in global production networks. Recent trends indicate that evolutionary views on economic geography and catch-up may open new opportunities to link the two, and some lessons highlight the need for more structured interactions in the future. 相似文献
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本文对30年来创新系统研究的发展进行了分析,涵盖了国家创新系统（NIS）,区域创新系统（RIS）,产业创新系统（SIS）以及技术创新系统（TIS）。文章按照创新系统研究的演化历程,分析了每个创新系统方法的理论起源,考察了引用最多的案例研究,分析了空间边界和分析单元,探讨了基本组成要素功能和分类方法,以厘清创新系统研究的理论体系,并在此基础上提出了每个创新系统研究方法需要进一步的研究。最后,对创新系统今后的研究进行了展望：加强创新系统方法的指向性和规范性导向;对创新系统分析框架内的最新方法进行整合,开展全球创新系统研究;加强对新兴经济体国家的研究,进一步证明创新系统理论在不同国家情境下的适用性。 相似文献
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通过对影响信息技术产业竞争优势的关键因素及其关系进行研究,采用结构方程模型和改进的CNN卷积神经网络模型,对2010-2017年中国和东盟代表性国家的信息技术产业上市公司样本数据进行分析.研究发现产业中的创新环境、技术创新以及知识管理均对竞争优势具有正向的影响;同时技术创新在知识管理、创新环境与竞争优势之间起中介作用,知识管理在创新环境与竞争优势之间起中介作用;窗口期内中国和东盟国家信息技术产业创新能力呈现增长趋势,但总体水平仍偏低.据此提出政策建议:进一步激励信息技术创新,加强对我国创新环境以及知识管理的引导和支持,加强区域协作和优势产业互补,在资源互换、人员交流、业务培训上加强互动,推进产学研之间的高效协作,建立起多元、长效的交流合作机制,推动“信息丝绸之路”战略实施,助力中国-东盟自由贸易区的经贸发展. 相似文献