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1.
我国《奥运争光计划》中的奥运战略与全运战略研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑归纳等方法,对目前有广泛争议的我国奥运战略与全运战略实施概况进行分析研究,剖析了两者间的冲突与协调因素,指出协调好奥运战略与全运战略的关系是我国成功实施《奥运争光计划》的重要保证。 相似文献
2.
In France today, sport is considered to be a fundamental element of the educational offer in the prison environment, especially because it represents in the eyes of the majority an activity that is capable of channelling violence and violent behaviours, although this exemplary effect of education cannot be taken for granted. It is based, in fact, on a commonly accepted opinion and on evidence that is rarely questioned and is even contradicted in recent studies. But can sport, as a more or less formalised pedagogical, institutional and/or sociopolitical project, continue to be ‘educational’ in particular social spaces, like prison, which in essence distorts the conditions of unconstrained free practice and cultural dissemination? Starting from a case study, focused on France, the aim of this paper is to question the relation of sport with the calming qualities and/or, on the contrary, those that produce force fields, not by isolating it and constructing an improvised model but rather by re-inserting it into the issue of pacifying social fields, that is by re-integrating sports practice in the very place which gives it a sense and literally one which incarnates a motor praxeology with constraints – not to say control. 相似文献
3.
在“体医融合”新时代背景下,体育与医学结合,共同促进全民健康成为一种新的体医结合实践模式,为“运动是良医”的推广提供了重要的平台。运动元素在中西方古代医学理论和实践中早就已经存在了,医学先驱们已经认识到了运动对健康的重要作用。文章对一些针对常见疾病的系统性综述和元分析的结果进行了汇总,这些系统性评价和元分析为“运动是良医”提供了科学的循征医学证据。然而,与任何药物或治疗手段一样,当把运动作为治疗或辅助治疗手段治疗疾病时,需要根据患者的病情和身体状态来制定相应的运动处方。尽管大量的研究表明了运动对健康以及不同疾病的益处,但运动促进健康的生物学机制并未完全阐明。同时,在谈到“运动是良医”时,仍有一些重要的问题值得讨论和商榷,比如关于运动“预防”和“治疗”疾病的讨论,关于运动“适用症”和“适用人群”的讨论,关于运动“剂量”和“成分”的讨论等。 相似文献
4.
Carwyn Jones 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):251-267
D’Angelo and Tamburrini invited readers to consider doping in sport as a health issue and dopers as potential addicts who need therapy rather than offenders who need punishing. The issue of addiction in sport is important and very much under researched. In this essay I explore the extent to which addiction can be justifiably used as an excuse for offending behaviour. The favoured argument is that addicts experience a craving or compulsion to use over which they have no control. I argue that there is insufficient evidence that addicts experience such compulsion. Although it seems science is unravelling some of the mysteries of addiction, it has not provided sufficient evidence that addictive consumption amounts to compulsive use. Nevertheless, it is clear that addicts do have difficulty with controlling their use and such difficulties ought to be considered in any judgements about moral responsibility. This does not mean that rules or laws including anti-doping legislation should be altered because not all those who fall foul are addicted. Moreover, accepting responsibility and punishment for the consequences of their actions (including anti-doping rules) is an important part of therapy for addicts. 相似文献
5.
普通高等学校体育课教学模式的探索——以华南理工大学体育课改革实践为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对高等学校体育教学模式的研究,提出以“俱乐部 运动处方”模式作为高校体育课程的理想教学模式。既可充分发展学生个性,又能科学地进行运动锻炼。此模式是一种从培养学生体育的兴趣入手,逐步达到增强体质,最终形成体育意识的教学设计。华南理工大学体育教学在探索这一新型教学模式中进行了试验,在总结实践经验基础上提出在全面推行此教学模式的条件尚未成熟时,可采取在一年级先实施“运动选项”模式,作为过渡性措施;在二年级中,逐步创造条件,试行“俱乐部 运动处方”模式教学,在条件成熟时再全面推行。 相似文献
6.
"三联互动"高校体育教学模式探析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
王林 《上海体育学院学报》2006,30(1):86-89
从学习型社会视角论述了高校体育教学的新模式———“三联互动”体育教学模式。提出:该模式的基本内涵是“开放、自主、体验”;核心理念是“终身体育”;显著特点是“生活化”。在此基础上阐述了该模式的操作程序及教学策略。认为:通过“开放”、“自主”与“体验”的相互影响产生良性互动,能将终身体育理念落实在教学实践中,这是高校体育教学生活化的内在机制。 相似文献
7.
从科学和人文精神看武术的生存与发展 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
适者生存是人类社会遵循的必然规律,然而武术界诸多人士紧抱“嫡传”、“正宗”,使武术在现代社会中的生存能力受到了严重的威胁。在市场经济体制下的数字化时代,从科学精神、人文精神的视角对武术的生存发展进行新的诠释与构建,应是武术当前需要解决的关键问题。武术当前面临尴尬的处境：武术具有健身益寿价值,但适合人群较窄,且缺乏理论支撑;武术具有娱乐欣赏价值,但在套路竞技比赛中,观众廖若晨星;武术具有技击价值,但在套路竞赛场中缺乏“章法”,在实际搏斗中缺乏应用性。建构武术发展之路是：体现东方文化的人文精神是武术生存发展的思想内核;皈依“纯朴”,打造数字化时代的武术“儒雅”之身是武术生存发展的操作路径。 相似文献
8.
曹杰 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(3):56-58
以区域性课题＂有效性教学＂为重点线索,本文对高中选项模块教学、有效性教学、选项教学与体能全面发展相结合的问题,对广州市培英中学四千多名学生在2006、2007、2008年度《体能标准》测试数据进行分析,发现高中选项教学中各选项班级的多项指标存在明显差异,反映各类运动项目对学生体能发展的影响有其局限性。针对以上问题,本文从几个方面提出了反思性的意见,就如何深化高中《体育与健康》课程的管理也提出了一些建议,力求为对学生的全面发展做出一定贡献。 相似文献
9.
M. C. Jermy A. Burgess C. Feasey M. Lensen C. Willis A. S. Tucker R. W. G. Syme 《Sports Engineering》2014,17(3):151-164
The maximum distance a hammer can be thrown depends on its mass, length and aerodynamic drag, meaning that record hammer throws performed before and after a rule change (for example, if the minimum mass is changed) cannot be compared directly. However, if all factors affecting the flight of a hammer are fully understood, and the range travelled by a hammer thrown with a given initial speed, angle and release height can be predicted, records thrown under different rules can be compared. In this work, a numerical model is developed, which includes the effects of atmospheric pressure, altitude, Coriolis Effect, gravitational variation, wind speed, ambient temperature, linear drag, torsional drag, hammer size and hammer orientation. It is based on the model of Mizera and Horvath (J Biomech 35:785–796, 2002). Two refinements are made: the drag coefficient varies with Reynolds number, and the hammer is represented as a spatially extended object with nonzero moment of inertia. New wind tunnel data on the drag of the three main components of the hammer (ball, cable and handle) are presented. This data are incorporated into the model which is then used to predict throws made at the IAAF 2011 World Athletics Championships (Daegu, Korea). The model is shown to be capable of predicting to within 1 % the distance of hammer throws where the air density, latitude, release height, release angle and release velocity are known. It is more accurate than numeric and analytic models which assume a constant drag coefficient. This may be because it does not require the user to choose the drag coefficient and automatically uses an appropriate drag coefficient regardless of conditions. With a good biomechanical model or good assumptions about release speeds, throws with different implements can be compared to compare records thrown before and after rule changes. Further work is needed to develop a biomechanical model capable of predicting the release speed an athlete can achieve with a range of different implements. 相似文献
10.
Kathleen Armour 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(3):381-403
There would appear to be an enduring belief that successful sportsmen and women can act as powerful motivational role models for young people, especially disaffected, disadvantaged or disengaged youth. In the UK, for example, this belief has been expressed recently in the development of programmes, such as changingLIVES, the Respect Athlete Mentor Programme and Playing For Success. There are further examples around the world of programmes based on similar beliefs including Sporting Partnerships, Athlete Development Australia, Active Girls Breakfast and the Whitelion Sports and Recreation program. This paper reports an evaluation of the changingLIVES ‘athlete mentor’ programme in the UK. This was a school-based programme using successful sports people to deliver a series of motivational activities to young people who were identified as being disengaged or disaffected in some way. Conceptual confusion in the terms ‘mentor’ and ‘role model’ evident in the literature was mirrored in the programme design. The design of an appropriate evaluation strategy was constrained by the scale of the programme aims and the comparatively low evaluation budget. Nonetheless, detailed data were collected on individual pupils. Evaluation data suggested that although the teachers and young people did report an immediate positive reaction to the activities, there was limited evidence of a wider impact on young people's behaviour, school attendance or self-esteem. It is argued that there should be greater conceptual clarity and a stronger evidence base supporting the design and delivery of interventions in schools that seek to use sports people as role models (or mentors) for young people. 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT We report on three projects and an accompanying critical research agenda designed to establish and evaluate a new pedagogy in Australian physical education based on the sport education curriculum model first published by Siedentop et al. [Siedentop, D., Mand, C. & Taggart, A. (1986) Physical Education: Teaching and Curriculum Strategies for Grades 5‐12 (Palo Alto, Mayfield]. The projects, involving over 80 schools throughout Australia, are set in a context featuring an amalgam of postmodern youth culture, governmental inquiries and reports and the continuing difficulties facing physical educators in their workplaces. Against a backdrop of subject marginatyia, the projects’ findings have lent support to the proposition that it is dysfunctional programme structures (rather that deficits in teaching skills) that are most to blame in denying teachers access to significant subject matter learning targets. Our work presents evidence that the student‐centred, extended‐unit sport education curriculum model has the potential to be responsive to these challenges. It is conducive to ongoing school‐based professional and curriculum development, has led to widespread programme restructuring, has improved outcomes for many lower skilled students and has generally produced positive results for aspects of students’ social development. However girls tend still to be dominated by boys in particular sports. The model is positively affecting the career expectations of pre‐service students. As the model is already diffusing rapidly in Australian schools, there is a need to identify issues and chart an educational course for any further development. 相似文献
12.
以社会控制理论的方法探析先秦射礼的社会治理行为,认为:基于权威关系、核心利益以及情感号召基础上的强制、交换、动员等社会控制要素,在从大射仪到乡射礼的社会治理路径上存在着不同的分配与行使机制。"君与"的大射仪通过意识形态的施压、推行"知识体系"和树立"模范"标杆为强制手段,以"身份"和"资本"交换贵族的"中"与"忠",结合内在动机的激励式动员,达成了表彰"国家意志"的准集权式强制型治理形态;而"君不与"后的乡射礼则是立足政策规范,以"兴贤能"的号召、塑造"社会背景"以及引导自我操控等动员形式为举措,辅之以"禄仕"和"射义"作为民众"道德"与"君子"的回馈而实现的体现"地方行动"的分权式动员型治理风格。从"国家意志"到"地方行动",先秦射礼践行了一种准集权式的强制型与分权式的动员型治理共生共存的社会治理模式。 相似文献
13.
多学科训练方法的理念是指应用与运动训练相关领域学科的专业知识来帮助运动员达到运动训练的目标。传统模式在运动训练实践中,对教练员发挥自身的作用存在局限性。本文通过对目前“过滤”模式和“基础支持”模式的分析,介绍了称之为“轨道”的全新模式。此模式就像行星(指运动员)围绕太阳(指运动训练目标)旋转,同时卫星(指各学科的专家)按照一定的轨道(指教练员)围绕行星旋转。此模式曾在巴西空军科学院和奥运优秀运动员训练中心应用十余年,取得了丰硕的成果。结论:虽然此模式还需进一步的研究,但此模式对高水平运动员取得显著的进步,可以起到实质性的作用。 相似文献
14.
在社会体育类健身人才的培养及供求方面,我国高等体育院校与大众商业健身俱乐部之间存在＂真空效应＂,双方均处于两难的尴尬境地。为针对性削弱及缓解这一社会压力,本文立足于终身体育思想,从社会体育学角度,提出两者联合培养健身专业人才的全新思路,在深入探讨其实施的必要性与可行性基础上,揭示出它存在的个人价值、学校价值与社会价值,并对其运作体系作出初步构架,希望这一创新能为我国开拓出培养新时期社会体育人才的改革与发展之路提供理论依据与实践参考。 相似文献
15.
David Kennedy 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(5):840-866
By presenting a wide range of evidence relating to the social characteristics of directors of Merseyside's professional football clubs, an attempt is made in this article to locate the late-nineteenth-century professional football club within the prevailing power relations of the localities in which they were based. The primary objective of the study is to assess the extent to which professional football clubs were part of a network of civic organizations utilized by the urban middle class as a means of maintaining their social and political cohesion. On the basis of the evidence presented here, it is demonstrated that a significant proportion of directors were involved in influential socio-political organizations on Merseyside. It is concluded that the Merseyside football clubs can be viewed as cultural organizations that were integral to the shaping of civic governance. 相似文献
16.
There has been very little study of female football spectators, especially in a historical context. This paper aims to demonstrate that despite the restrictions placed on women's leisure time in this period, it is clear from evidence that a small but significant number of women could and did attend professional football matches throughout the period, and participated as consumers in this new leisure industry. Contrary to some modern readings that assume that the female football spectator is a relatively new phenomenon, patterns of leisure consumption were similar for women in this context, albeit with certain important restrictions, such as available leisure time, money, and parental and familial responsibilities. The study illustrates the potential female market for professional football, using numerous examples of women attending matches gathered from contemporary evidence, especially from the cotton area of South East Lancashire, where there was a concentration of early professional clubs within an economically developed industrialised society. It discusses issues of identity, both regional and local, and with respect to particular football clubs. It also describes female reactions to incidents, players and significant events, indicating the similarities and differences between the sexes, and addresses the issue of how far women were fans as well as spectators. There is also some discussion of the patterns of consumption of female spectators, and an attempt to establish a profile for them. The study uses local newspapers from Lancashire as its main primary source material. As there is little other direct information on the subject, such local materials are an important source for the history of this aspect of professional football, as they are for other areas of Victorian and Edwardian social history. 相似文献
17.
中国体育管理学科范式转换:从体系建构到问题关注 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
郇昌店 《天津体育学院学报》2011,26(3):259-263
范式理论对学科建设具有巨大的阐释意义。研究发现中国体育管理学科建设过程中具有浓厚的体系取向情节。初始阶段的体育管理学以体系建设为取向,统筹了学科整体框架和内容体系。但作为致力于社会应用的学科,体育管理学科应实现学科范式的转换:以解决现实问题取代体系建构的思路,构建基于现实体育领域复杂性问题的学科框架,力争实现对社会中体育现实问题的仿真分析,同时明确以"世界体系中"和"中国本土化"的两种问题为学科的关注对象。 相似文献
18.
我国竞技体育发展模式的形成、演变与重构 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
我国竞技体育发展模式是在不断解决实践中遇到的问题，并依据当时实际需要所做出的应对性选择基础上逐步形成的，在形成的初期，其总体上并没有一个先验的“经验模型”。从某种意义上讲，它的形成、演变是一个不断探索适合我国社会发展实际的选择过程。然而，历史经验告诉我们，体育发展模式只有与社会发展模式保持相对一致性，体育事业才会实现真正的发展。因此，一个适应社会主义市场经济体制的竞技体育发展模式，就不可能局限于现有体制（或模式）的简单修补，必须立足于创建一个既符合我国当前社会实际又与我国社会改革发展方向趋同的竞技体育发展模式。 相似文献
19.
试论体育赞助协议的法律效力 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
张杨 《天津体育学院学报》2001,16(3):33-35
体育赞助为体育事业的发展提供了大量的资金支持,然而有许多体育赞助协议却得不到履行,使体育部门处于尴尬境地.该文通过对体育赞助协议的性质进行分析得出体育赞助协议分为捐赠性质的协议和赠与性质的协议.结合我国<合同法>和<公益事业捐赠法>,分析了体育赞助协议的法律效力,并提出了在签订体育赞助协议时,必须以书面形式签订,并予以公证,确保合同的强制执行力. 相似文献
20.
The often cited phrase “breakfast is the most important meal of the day” may have been largely anecdotal and lacking empirical evidence originally, particularly where children and adolescents (young people) are concerned. However, there is now a large body of evidence demonstrating that regular breakfast consumption is associated with a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related health outcomes in large diverse samples of young people, which may prevent weight gain, nutrient deficiency and reduce risk factors for chronic disease. This evidence has been reviewed previously, but the link between breakfast composition and health has received less attention. There is emerging evidence in young people that suggests certain breakfasts are particularly beneficial for health, with much of this evidence focusing on ready-to-eat cereals and breakfast glycaemic index (GI). Substituting a high GI (HGI) breakfast for a low GI (LGI) breakfast may be particularly beneficial for overweight young people through increased glycaemic control and satiety. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to extend previous reviews on breakfast consumption and health to provide a greater understanding of the role of breakfast composition, particularly breakfast GI. Unlike the evidence on breakfast consumption, which has often been based on large cross-sectional studies, the evidence on breakfast GI is based primarily on controlled experimental studies, often with relatively small samples. At times, it was necessary to refer to the adult-based literature in this review to support findings from young people or to highlight areas that are particularly lacking in empirical evidence in this population. Since breakfast consumption has declined in young people and also decreases from childhood to adolescence, strategies to promote regular consumption of a healthy breakfast in young people are warranted. Future research in young people should place greater emphasis on breakfast composition, consider the mechanisms controlling relationships between breakfast consumption and health, and investigate the benefits of habitual consumption of LGI compared with HGI breakfasts. 相似文献