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短跑技术专门练习的创新与教学训练效果的实验比较研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为了革新传统的短跑技术专门练习，将48名大学体育系学生分组进行教学训练实验研究。研究采用了高速摄影及影片解析、数理统计等方法，实验结果表明：在提高专项成绩方面实验组成绩的提高幅度明显高于对照组；实验组摆动腿伸髋速度和两腿煎绞速度明显高于对照组；实验组摆动腿着地速度显著高于对照组。实验结果提示：实验组所采用的创新短跑专门练习比传统短跑专门练习更有利于提高100m跑专项成绩及掌握专项技术。 相似文献
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为研究探索六周的悬吊训练对散打运动员下肢爆发力和平衡能力等基本素质的影响,把受试者分为实验组和对照组每组各10名,实施六周的悬吊训练方案,对照组进行和实验组同等强度的力量练习,训练前后分别测试单腿跳远和立定跳远成绩、平衡能力指数,对训练前后与组间各数据进行统计分析。结果发现实验组与对照组训练后与之前相比单腿跳远成绩都有提高,但实验组更明显;立定跳远成绩只有实验组明显提高,对照组没有显著性差异;实验组与对照组训练后平衡能力都有明显提高,但是实验组提高更为明显。结论是：悬吊训练可以明显提高散打运动员的核心力量和核心稳定性．增加下肢速度、爆发力和平衡能力,改善了神经肌肉控制能力、肌肉协调能力,改善提高了技术动作完成的质量,身体素质得到明显提高。 相似文献
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通过将核心力量训练运用于高考体育考生的训练中进行实验研究,实验结果表明,核心力量训练对提高高考体育考生力量、爆发力、弹跳力、速度等有着明显的效果,建议在日常的高考训练中,增加核心力量的训练,更快有效地提高考生的素质成绩。 相似文献
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《湖北体育科技》2019,(9):807-810
目的为了研究增强股后肌群力量训练对初中生立定跳远的影响。方法采用实验法对72名初中生进行测验,采取两种训练方法,即用下肢力量训练与下肢力量训练+专门的股后肌群训练。结果两种训练方法均可提高跳远成绩,对照组、实验组干预前后成绩相比有显著性差异;实验组在增加专门的股后肌群训练的干预后,立定跳远成绩明显优于对照组,干预后的对照组成绩(188.75±24.09cm)与实验组成绩(205.33±26.38cm)存在显著性差异(p=0.007,t=-2.785);从不同性别分析,男、女生在干预后的跳远成绩都有明显提高,男生干预后的对照组(204.00±19.97cm)与实验组(224.50±17.31cm)之间有显著性差异(p=0.001,t=-3.468),女生干预后的对照组(169.69±12.31cm)与实验组(181.38±11.90cm)之间存在统计学上差异(p=0.010,t=-2.730),男生在第4周之后实验组与对照组有明显性差异,女生则在第12周之后实验组与对照组之间出现显著性差异。结论下肢力量训练可以提高跳远成绩,但增加专门的股后肌群力量训练对提高立定跳远的成绩效果更佳。 相似文献
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目的：探求8周舒尔特方格练习法对射箭运动员注意力及成绩的影响,以期为射箭运动员的注意力训练提供参考。研究方法：选取山西大学射箭队队员28名,随机分为实验组(8周传统训练并接受舒尔特方格练习)及对照组(8周传统训练)各14名;经8周训练后,比较两组注意力量表统计结果和传统弓排位赛成绩变化情况。研究结果：(1)在8周训练后,实验组运动员注意力集中能力、转移能力均得到显著提高(P<0.05),对照组运动员注意力指标和实验前无显著性差异。(2)实验组与对照组比赛成绩均明显提高,且实验组射箭运动员比赛成绩的提升幅度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：舒尔特方格练习法能够有效提高射箭运动员注意力,从而提高射箭运动员的项目成绩,相比于传统训练方法,提高效果更加明显。 相似文献
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采用实验法,对少年篮球运动员采用弹跳力训练与协调性训练相结合的实验训练,研究表明,两种训练手段相结合,在有效提高弹跳力的基础上,跳投离地高度也出现明显提高。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、实验对比法和数理统计法,以陕西师范大学体育学院2013级体育教育专业的30名男生为研究对象,把30名男生分成实验组和对照组,实验组采用核心力量训练,对照组采用传统训练方法,2组分别对110m栏进行每周2次,每次2个学时,每学时50min,共5周的学习.结果表明,实验组的成绩明显好于对照组,核心力量训练对110m栏的成绩有一定的提高,从而为教练员在110m栏的教学中科学安排核心力量训练提供了一定的理论依据. 相似文献
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本研究对业余体校青少年中长跑运动员在正常训练的同时,利用体外反搏作为辅助训练手法,进行实验观察,结果表明:运动员心脏的泵血功能和运动成绩,实验组比对照组有明显的提高,而且安全可靠. 相似文献
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前言全面的身体素质对于取得优异的运动成绩有着举足轻重的作用。作为身体素质综合表现之一的弹跳力更是许多运动项目所需要的,而排球运动对弹跳力更有特殊的需要,人们常把弹跳力作为衡量排球运动员的身体素质水平高低的主要标志之一。日本科学家在一九七七年世界杯赛时的研究表明,弹跳力指数与扣球拦网技术运用次数,成功率都是正相关的结果,科学地说明了弹跳力与排球技术间的重要关系。因此,排球运动中的身体训练在很大程度上是围绕着提高弹跳力进行的。但目前在 相似文献
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通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法和数理统计法探讨了13-15岁青少年女子竞技健美操运动员核心力量训练的方法和手段.研究结果显示:通过静力性半蹲、负重全蹲、负重半蹲、仰卧挺髋、单臂俯撑、控腹、俯卧撑和平板卧推核心力量训练对评价核心力量素质的五项指标都有显著性差异,具有统计学意义,说明此实验手段对研究对象的核心力量素质的... 相似文献
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David Clutch Mike Wilton Carl McGown G. Rex Bryce 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):5-10
Abstract In recent years, a method of plyometrics (exercises that cause a rapid lengthening of a muscle prior to contraction) called depth jumping has become a part of the training routine of many athletes. Two experiments are described in which the effectiveness of the exercises is examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students in beginning weight training classes trained with three different jumping programs: (1) maximum vertical jumps, (2) 0.3 m depth jumps, and (3) 0.75 m and 1.10 m depth jumps. In addition, all groups also lifted weights. In Experiment 2, a weight training class and the volleyball team at Brigham Young University-Hawaii were divided into two groups. One group lifted weights and performed 0.75 and 1.10 m depth jumps. The other group only lifted weights. In Experiment 1, the three training programs resulted in increases in one repetition maximum (1 RM) squat strength, isometric knee extension strength, and in vertical jump; however, there were no significant differences between treatments. In Experiment 2, all groups made significant increases in vertical jump, except the group of weight lifters, who did no jumping. It was concluded that depth jumps are effective but not more effective than a regular jumping routine. 相似文献
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Silvio Lorenzetti Fabian Ammann Sabrina Windmüller Ramona Häberle Sören Müller Micah Gross 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):63-74
As hill jumps are very time-consuming, ski jumping athletes often perform various imitation jumps during training. The performed jumps should be similar to hill jumps, but a direct comparison of the kinetic and kinematic parameters has not been performed yet. Therefore, this study aimed to correlate 11 common parameters during hill jumps (Oberstdorf Germany), squat jumps (wearing indoor shoes), and various imitation jumps (rolling 4°, rolling flat, static; jumping equipment or indoor shoes) on a custom-built instrumented vehicle with a catch by the coach. During the performed jumps, force and video data of the take-off of 10 athletes were measured. The imitation and squat jumps were then ranked. The main difference between the hill jumps and the imitation and squat jumps is the higher maximal force loading rate during the hill jumps. Imitation jumps performed on a rolling platform, on flat ground were the most similar to hill jumps in terms of the force–time, and leg joint kinematic properties. Thus, non-hill jumps with a technical focus should be performed from a rolling platform with a flat inrun with normal indoor shoes or jumping equipment, and high normal force loading rates should be the main focus of imitation training. 相似文献
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田径速度项目运动员身体素质训练结构特征的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尹军 《体育科技文献通报》2006,14(3):7-13
运用文献资料法、特征解析法、访谈法和定基比增长系数计算等研究方法,对田径速度性项目世界优秀运动员的身体素质训练结构进行研究。研究揭示,速度素质的增长具有“早熟”特征,其训练结构体现出以提高最大速度为核心,以最大负荷强度和较少负荷量的短距离跑练习为主要手段等特征;力量素质的增长呈现出“两头慢、中间快”的发展特征,其训练手段主要是由单腿或双腿的连续跳跃、跨步跑(跳)、高抬腿跑和多次数的深蹲或半蹲练习构成;而专项耐力的训练方法则主要是由长翼项距离和比赛距离的重复跑和间歇跑等要素构成。 相似文献
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Eccentric strength training is thought to be important for improving functional performance. A form of training that may enhance the eccentric training stimulus is the attachment of a rubber bungy to the strength-training apparatus in such a way that the return velocity and, therefore, the force required to decelerate the load at the end of the eccentric phase are increased. To determine the effects of elastic bungy training, we performed two studies. In the first, we examined the electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic characteristics of three different squat techniques: traditional squat, non-bungy jump squat and bungy jump squat. In the second study, we examined whether jump squat training with and without the attachment of a rubber bungy to an isoinertial supine squat machine affects muscle function, multidirectional agility, lunge ability and single leg jump performance. The EMG activity of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles was recorded. An instrumented isoinertial supine squat machine was used to measure maximal strength and various force, velocity and power measures in both studies. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group and two weight-trained groups, one of which performed bungy squat jumps and one of which performed non-bungy squat jumps. The two experimental groups performed 10 weeks of ballistic weight training. The kinematic and EMG characteristics of the bungy and non-bungy squat techniques differed significantly from those of the traditional squat on all the variables measured. The only difference between the bungy squat and non-bungy squat training was greater EMG activity during the later stages (70-100%) of the eccentric phase of the bungy squat condition. The 10 weeks of bungy squat and non-bungy squat jump weight training were found to be equally effective in producing improvements in a variety of concentric strength and power measures (10.6-19.8%). These improvements did not transfer to improved performance for the single leg jump and multidirectional agility. However, bungy weight training did lead to a significant improvement in lunge performance (21.5%) compared with the other groups. 相似文献
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利用击剑运动员连续蹲跳的动作速度监控结果来调整体能训练负荷,阐述监控结果与基础体能、专项体能之间的关系。方法：对13名男子击剑运动员（佩剑7名,重剑6名）进行为期3个月连续10次蹲跳的数据化监控,根据监控的即时结果对运动员进行训练负荷的调整。在实验前后进行1RM深蹲、深蹲相对力量、原地纵跳、30 m冲刺跑、30 s双摇跳绳、T型测试、5-10-5变向灵敏测试以及3 000 m耐力跑测试。结果：击剑运动员在1RM深蹲、深蹲相对力量、30 s双摇跳绳,以及3 000 m耐力跑上的提高有显著性差异。结论：基于蹲跳动作速度的科学化数据监控来调整的体能训练,对于击剑运动员的基础体能以及专项体能提升均有效果,确保力量水平与有氧能力获得同步增长,可作为训练的常规监控手段以提高训练效益。 相似文献
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Anastasia G Beneka Paraskevi K Malliou Victoria Missailidou Athanasios Chatzinikolaou Ioannis Fatouros Vassilios Gourgoulis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):335-343
Abstract To determine the time course of performance responses after an acute bout of plyometric exercise combined with high and low intensity weight training, a 3-group (including a control group), repeated-measures design was employed. Changes in performance were monitored through jumping ability by measuring countermovement and squat jumping, and strength performance assessment through isometric and isokinetic testing of knee extensors (at two different velocities). Participants in both experimental groups performed a plyometric protocol consisting of 50 jumps over 50 cm hurdles and 50 drop jumps from a 50 cm plyometric box. Additionally, each group performed two basic weight exercises consisting of leg presses and leg extensions at 90–95% of maximum muscle strength for the high intensity group and 60% of maximum muscle strength for the low intensity group. The results of the study suggest that an acute bout of intense plyometric exercise combined with weight exercise induces time-dependent changes in performance, which are also dependent on the nature of exercise protocol and testing procedures. In conclusion, acute plyometric exercise with weight exercise may induce a substantial decline in jumping performance for as long as 72 hours but not in other forms of muscle strength. 相似文献
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lumbar spine extension and erector spinae muscle activation on vertical jump height during maximal squat jumping. Eight male athletes performed maximal squat jumps. Electromyograms of the erector spinae were recorded during these jumps. A simulation model of the musculoskeletal system was used to simulate maximal squat jumping with and without spine extension. The effect on vertical jump height of changing erector spinae strength was also tested through the simulated jumps. Concerning the participant jumps, the kinematics indicated a spine extension and erector spinae activation. Concerning the simulated jumps, vertical jump height was about 5.4 cm lower during squat jump without trunk extension compared to squat jump. These results were explained by greater total muscle work during squat jump, more especially by the erector spinae work (+119.5 J). The erector spinae may contribute to spine extension during maximal squat jumping. The simulated jumps confirmed this hypothesis showing that vertical jumping was decreased if this muscle was not taken into consideration in the model. Therefore it is concluded that the erector spinae should be considered as a trunk extensor, which enables to enhance total muscle work and consequently vertical jump height. 相似文献
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An increase in the period over which a muscle generates force can lead to the generation of greater force and, therefore, for example in jumping, to greater jump height. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of squat depth on maximum vertical jump performance. We hypothesized that jump height would increase with increasing depth of squat due to the greater time available for the generation of muscular force. Ten participants performed jumps from preferred and deep squat positions. A computer model simulated jumps from the different starting postures. The participants showed no difference in jump height in jumps from deep and preferred positions. Simulated jumps produced similar kinematics to the participants' jumps. The optimal squat depth for the simulated jumps was the lowest position the model was able to jump from. Because jumping from a deep squat is rarely practised, it is unlikely that these jumps were optimally coordinated by the participants. Differences in experimental vertical ground reaction force patterns also suggest that jumps from a deep squat are not optimally coordinated. These results suggest there is the potential for athletes to increase jump performance by exploiting a greater range of motion. 相似文献