共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
运用心理测量法和数理统计等方法，对黑龙江省9所高校篮球运动员的运动动机水平进行调查研究，研究表明：高校篮球运动员的运动动机水平总体情况较好，且不同年龄、不同性别的篮球运动员的运动动机水平有显著性差异。 相似文献
2.
太极拳运动对血脂异常患者血脂和免疫球蛋白的干预作用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以中老年血脂异常患者为对象，观察太极拳运动干预对血脂及免疫机能的影响。结果显示，16周太极拳锻炼不仅改善了血脂异常患者的血脂及脂蛋白代谢状况，而且显著提高机体免疫球蛋白水平。表明适量运动对防治血脂异常及有效地降低心血管疾病危险性具有积极的作用。 相似文献
3.
运用心理测量法和数理统计等方法,对我国高校皮划艇运动员的运动动机水平进行调查研究,研究表明:我国高校优秀皮划艇运动员的运动动机水平相对较高,且在运动动机水平上表现出年龄和性别差异. 相似文献
4.
运动处方的生理学基础（六） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运动处方的生理学基础（六）张林译运动处方６．１运动处方的意义处方作为一种医学术语，是指根据患者疾病的种类、病情和年龄等合理对症适药的意思，自古以来一直在医疗实践中应用着。运动处方这个名词的出现，是１９６０年日本运动生理学家猪饲道夫提出作为运动生理学术... 相似文献
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研究了羽毛球运动员的运动水平、知识表征和年龄对直觉性运动决策速度和准确率的影响。被试来自全国各省（市）羽毛球队，共计371人，年龄在7～26岁之间。实验采用自主开发的“羽毛球运动决策能力测试系统”。用MANOVA分析了实验结果，表明：预期对羽毛球运动水平的作用机制主要依赖预期正确率。直觉性运动决策效果主要取决于关键信息，“出手动作、被动状态、习惯球路、战术意图、比赛局势”等是羽毛球运动员直觉性运动决策的关键线索。10～14岁是羽毛球运动员直觉性运动决策能力发展的快速增长期，14～20岁为平台期，20岁以后为缓慢发展期。专项知识贫乏和传授不足可能是导致直觉性运动决策能力发展平台期的重要原因。羽毛球预期反应时的最佳定格时机在球拍击球前40ms，动作选择反应时的定格时机在球拍击球后的280ms，以此技术为核心而编制的“羽毛球运动员直觉性运动决策能力测评系统”具有较好的信度和效度。 相似文献
6.
游泳运动员的年龄变化对拟定多年训练计划和运动成绩的发展都具有十分重要意义。许多科学家和一大批有名望的教练员都对早期专项化提出了批评:儿童少年时期进行极限负荷的训练,将过早地突然地结束运动生涯。奥运会、世界锦标赛和欧洲锦标赛优秀运动员(前八名)的年龄表明: 相似文献
7.
《体育科技文献通报》1997,(5)
7 zUI夕18,/、,、。;笼兑技运动学院〔ALS)考察报告〔刊,中,A〕/王正伦刀南京体育学院学报一”97一11(1)一67一75图1表4(DW)各国体育~~ 相似文献
8.
太极拳运动对老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者神经肽Y的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目的：本文通过对老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血浆神经肽Y水平的对比研究，探讨太极拳运动对老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者产生作用的神经内分泌机制。方法：选取老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者16人，按自愿原则分为两组，一组为太极拳运动组(10人)，另一组为随意运动组(6人)。各自进行每天1小时，为期3个月的运动锻炼，观察锻炼前及锻炼后空腹、安静状态下的血浆神经肽Y(NPY)水平、血糖和体重指数等指标的变化。结果：太极拳运动组血浆神经肽Y水平下降，其中伴有高甘油三脂血症者6人，NPY水平下降；伴有高胆固醇血症者4人，NPY水平升高。而随意运动组血浆神经肽Y水平变化不显著。结论：太极拳运动对血浆神经肽Y水平的影响，表明了太极拳运动改善老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者代谢紊乱的机制与其时机体神经内分泌系统的调节密切相关。 相似文献
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对世界优秀网球运动员转为职业球员的年龄、最佳竞技能力形成阶段年龄、最佳竞技能力稳定和保持阶段年龄进行了分析，同时对影响运动寿命的因素进行探讨，以期供我国网球运动训练参考。 相似文献
10.
通过对国内外十五位优秀女子标枪选手多年训练特征的研究分析，揭示了我国与世界优秀选手的年龄对运动成绩的影响，发现影响我国女子标枪运动水平的关键因素是开始基础专项训练的年龄较晚，导致了运动生涯较短的现象。 相似文献
11.
冷刺激和力竭运动对小鼠LPO及抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
探讨小鼠在冷刺激影响下作力竭性运动 ,肝脏、心脏、骨骼肌及大脑组织LPO水平及其抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明 ,冷刺激使力竭运动机体脂质过氧化水平升高 ,在心脏、骨骼肌及大脑组织中均有显著性差异 (P〈0 0 5 ) ,且各组织从低到高的排列顺序是 :大脑骨骼肌心脏肝脏 ;SOD活性基本不变 ,总抗氧化能力 (TAC)呈下降趋势 ,其中肝组织中呈显著性下降 (P〈0 0 5 ) ,其它组织无显著性差异 ,各组织的抗氧化能力从小到大的排列顺序是 :骨骼肌大脑心脏肝脏 相似文献
12.
Gary O'Donovan Anthony J. Blazevich Colin Boreham Ashley R. Cooper Helen Crank Ulf Ekelund 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):573-591
Absract Our understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health is constantly evolving. Therefore, the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences convened a panel of experts to review the literature and produce guidelines that health professionals might use. In the ABC of Physical Activity for Health, A is for All healthy adults, B is for Beginners, and C is for Conditioned individuals. All healthy adults aged 18–65 years should aim to take part in at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, or at least 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities. Moderate-intensity activities are those in which heart rate and breathing are raised, but it is possible to speak comfortably. Vigorous-intensity activities are those in which heart rate is higher, breathing is heavier, and conversation is harder. Aerobic activities should be undertaken in bouts of at least 10 min and, ideally, should be performed on five or more days a week. All healthy adults should also perform muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week. Weight training, circuit classes, yoga, and other muscle-strengthening activities offer additional health benefits and may help older adults to maintain physical independence. Beginners should work steadily towards meeting the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults. Even small increases in activity will bring some health benefits in the early stages and it is important to set achievable goals that provide success, build confidence, and increase motivation. For example, a beginner might be asked to walk an extra 10 min every other day for several weeks to slowly reach the recommended levels of activity for all healthy adults. It is also critical that beginners find activities they enjoy and gain support in becoming more active from family and friends. Conditioned individuals who have met the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults for at least 6 months may obtain additional health benefits by engaging in 300 min or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, or 150 min or more of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity each week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activities. Adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight and adults with increased risk of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes may in particular benefit from going beyond the levels of activity recommended for all healthy adults and gradually progressing towards meeting the recommendations for conditioned individuals. Physical activity is beneficial to health with or without weight loss, but adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight should probably be encouraged to reduce energy intake and minimize time spent in sedentary behaviours to prevent further weight gain. Children and young people aged 5–16 years should accumulate at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per day, including vigorous-intensity aerobic activities that improve bone density and muscle strength. 相似文献
13.
不同负荷训练对大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜自由基代谢、膜流动性及Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
探讨不同负荷游泳训练对大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜结构和功能的影响。分别测试不同负荷下膜的抗氧化酶SOD、膜脂质过氧化产物MDA、膜荧光偏振度(P)及膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的变化。与对照组相比,小负荷训练组骨骼肌细胞膜P值降低,膜SOD活性、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性提高,膜上MDA含量则降低;大负荷训练组较小负荷组肌膜P值增加,膜SOD活性、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性下降。适宜负荷训练可以提高骨骼肌细胞膜的抗氧化能力,改善膜脂的流动性,使膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性增强,而过大负荷训练则使骨骼肌细胞膜的抗氧化能力、膜脂的流动性及膜酶活性降低。 相似文献
14.
黄芪生药对运动大鼠心肌自由基损伤的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:通过观察大鼠心肌自由基代谢变化,探讨灌服黄芪生药对训练大鼠心肌损害的保护作用机制。方法:选取雄性Wistar大鼠按体重灌服中药煎剂,采用游泳训练方式分别于安静、力竭即刻、力竭恢复12h状态下,取大鼠心肌组织测定MDA、SOD、GSH、GOT、PLA_2活性。结果:与对照组相比,服药组大鼠力竭时间延长,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。安静状态下服药组GSH含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),SOD含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。大鼠力竭后即刻MDA含量、SOD活性、PLA_2活性与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。力竭运动恢复12h后MDA含量、GSH含量、PLA_2活性与时照组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:黄芪能够有效抑制脂质过氧化反应,提高机体在不同功能状态下的抗氧化能力,减轻心肌损伤,从而延长大鼠运动时间,推迟疲劳的发生。 相似文献
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16.
Peng-Fei Wu Hui Lu Xiaoting Zhou Xuchen Liang Ruizhuo Li Wan Zhang Danyang Li Kun Xia 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(4):454
BackgroundPhysical activity has been hypothesized to play a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases. However, effect estimates previously derived from observational studies were prone to confounding or reverse causation.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal association of accelerometer-measured physical activity with 3 common neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer''s disease (AD), Parkinson''s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We selected genetic instrumental variants reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8) from 2 largest meta-analyses of about 91,100 UK Biobank participants. Summary statistics for AD, PD, and ALS were retrieved from the up-to-date studies in European ancestry led by the international consortia. The random-effect, inverse-variance weighted MR was employed as the primary method, while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), weighted median, and MR-Egger were implemented as sensitivity tests. All statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language (Version 3.6.1; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).ResultsPrimary MR analysis and replication analysis utilized 5 and 8 instrumental variables, which explained 0.2% and 0.4% variance in physical activity, respectively. In each set, one variant at 17q21 was significantly associated with PD, and MR sensitivity analyses indicated them it as an outlier and source of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Primary results with the removal of outlier variants suggested odds ratios (ORs) of neurodegenerative diseases per unit increase in objectively measured physical activity were 1.52 for AD (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.88–2.63, p = 0.13) and 3.35 for PD (95%CI: 1.32–8.48, p = 0.01), while inconsistent results were shown in the replication set for AD (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.12, p = 0.02) and PD (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.88–0.12, p = 0.97). Similarly, the beneficial effect of physical activity on ALS (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.29–0.91, p = 0.02) was not confirmed in the replication analysis (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.91–1.02, p = 0.22).ConclusionGenetically predicted physical activity was not robustly associated with risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Triangulating evidence across other studies is necessary in order to elucidate whether enhancing physical activity is an effective approach in preventing the onset of AD, PD, or ALS. 相似文献
17.
Delayed-onset muscle soreness refers to the skeletal muscle pain that is experienced following eccentric exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological effects of physical activity with or without ibuprofen on delayed onset muscle soreness. Forty-four non-athletic male volunteers (age 24.3 +/- 2.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: physical activity (n = 11), ibuprofen (n = 11), physical activity and ibuprofen (combination, n = 11), or control (n = 11). The physical activity programme comprised 5 min of walking and jogging, 10 min of static stretching of the hands and shoulder girdle, and 5 min of concentric movements with sub-maximal contractions. The total amount of ibuprofen consumed by a single individual was 2800 mg; this was taken from 1 h before the eccentric actions up to 48 h after it. Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced by performing 70 eccentric contractions of the biceps muscle of the non-dominant side on a modified arm curl machine. Perceived muscle soreness, maximal eccentric contraction, creatine kinase enzyme activity and elbow range of motion were assessed 1 h before and 1, 24 and 48 h after the eccentric actions. The results indicated that, after the eccentric actions, soreness increased (P < 0.001) across time in all groups, with the highest values being recorded at 24 h. At 24 and 48 h, greater soreness (P < 0.001) was observed in the control group than in the physical activity and combination groups. After the eccentric actions, creatine kinase increased and was elevated (P < 0.001) compared with baseline in all groups, with values returning to baseline in the physical activity and combination groups by 48 h. However, creatine kinase in the control and ibuprofen groups was still significantly higher than at baseline after 48 h. Creatine kinase was higher (P < 0.001) in the control group than in physical activity and combination groups at 24 and 48 h. There was also a reduction (P < 0.001) in elbow range of motion across time. This reduction in elbow range of motion was greater (P < 0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity and combination groups at 1, 24 and 48 h. The reduction in maximum eccentric contraction was greater (P < 0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity group at 24 and 48 h and the combination group at 48 h. In conclusion, the results add to our understanding of the effects of physical activity and the combination of physical activity and ibuprofen in reducing the severity of muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise. Physical activity conducted before eccentric exercise alleviates muscle soreness. Our results indicate that physical activity with or without ibuprofen helps to prevent delayed-onset muscle soreness. 相似文献
18.
蜂王浆对大鼠力竭运动能力的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
探讨服用蜂王浆的大鼠，作力竭运动时，减轻和防止自由基对机体组织的损伤和抗疲劳作用。灌喂蜂王浆的大鼠为试验组与对照组比较，测试二组在力竭运动时体重、运动能力、线粒体丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血浆pH值、血乳酸、血清总钙ATP的合成能力以及肝、肌糖原的变化。研究表明实验组的体重明显增加，运动能力显提高，MDA降低明显，SOD活性显增高，ATP和pH值相应提高，血乳酸和血清总钙较低，肝、肌糖原明显增多。蜂王浆作为一种有效的体能恢复剂有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
19.
目的:观察补充月季花色素对运动性氧化应激损伤的影响并探讨其可能作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠40只随机分为安静对照组(CG)、运动组(EG0h、EG48h)、运动+补药组(ER0h、ER48h),每组8只。EG、ER组进行递增负荷跑台运动4周,ER组每天给予月季花色素1ml/100g体重灌胃。训练结束后按组别取材,测定血清CK、LDH的活性,肌组织中MDA、SOD的活性。结果:(1)EG组运动后血清CK、LDH活性均显著升高(P<0.05),运动后48h仍高于CG组(P<0.05);ER组运动后48h血清CK、LDH活性均明显低于EG组(P<0.05)。(2)EG组运动后肌组织中MDA的含量明显升高(P<0.05),SOD的活性显著降低(P<0.05);ER组运动后即刻、48h肌组织中MDA的含量明显低于EG组(P<0.05),SOD活性均高于EG即刻、48h组(P<0.05)。结论:补充月季花色素可明显抑制运动肌组织中脂质过氧化反应,降低血清肌肉酶的活性,提示月季花色素对运动性氧化应激损伤具有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
20.
In this study the relationship between physical activity and different dimensions of social integration (number of friends, frequency of contact to friends, number of social contexts the individual is taking part in) is analysed using the data of the Partnermarktsurvey 2009. The concept of opportunities for interaction in foci of activity (here physical activity) is used as the theoretical framework. It can be shown that physical activity has an effect on the social integration of individuals: People who engage in physical activity have more friends, meet them more often and are integrated in more social contexts than people who are not physically active. Differences in social integration even exist among physically active people depending on the kind of sport activity and its form of organisation. Further the setting of the sport activity seems to be of importance. Finally it is recommended that longitudinal data used to investigate the exact causal effect of physical activity on social integration. 相似文献