共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
对60个人包括17名举重运动员(CWL)、12名长跑运动员(LDR)、7名举重业余爱好者(AWL)、14名重级别对照者(HC)和10名轻级别对照者(LC)的左心室质量用超声心动描记器进行研究。两组比赛运动员与对照者对比,左心室质量(LVM)的绝对值增加了(LDR:195±12;CWL:190±10;LC:122±10;HC:151±9克)。AWL质量介于比赛运动员和对照组之间。左心室质量与全身肌肉质量之比(归一化(注)),发现了各组之间的一个显著的(显著水平P=0.038)相关,尽管相关系数是低的(r=0.276)。长跑运动员明显地较高,举重运动员和重级别对照者几乎相等(LDR:3.2±0.2;CWL:2.6士0.1;AWL:2.5±0.2;HC:2.3±0.2;LC:20.±0.2克)。这些资料表明,长跑训练(动力训练)可提高左心室质量;而举重训练(静力训练)仅仅是在肌肉质量增长的相应程度上使左心室质量增长。 相似文献
2.
影响跑步经济性的人体下肢肌肉做功研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探索人体下肢肌肉做功对跑步经济性的影响,选择受过良好训练且水平在一级左右的男子中长跑运动员15人.根据VO2 max相对值及800 m运动成绩,最终确定7人为研究对象.研究发现,在摆动和支撑阶段,臀大肌的做功排名与RE呈负相关(r= -0. 89,P<0.01);表征摆动阶段的腓肠肌外侧和腓肠肌内侧以及支撑阶段的股直肌、股外侧肌、胫骨前肌和腓肠肌外侧等肌肉做功的主成分与RE呈负相关性(r=-0.80,P<0. 05).研究表明,提高运动员在拉长一缩短周期(SSC)的做功能力可以有效地改善运动员的跑步经济性.建议对中长跑运动员在训练过程中尝试穿插爆发性力量训练,从而通过改善SSC的做功效率来提高运动员的跑步经济性. 相似文献
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4.
运动高速摄影和跑台气体代谢法对男子中长跑运动员进行了研究.通过测定运动员1500 m跑步过程中身体各环节输出功,发现运动员身体各环节输出功的比例关系为:摆动腿占比例最大,其次是支撑腿,上肢和躯干的输出功的比例相当,头部所占比例很小.运动员跑步过程中,环节内和环节之间存在能量转换,且环节之间能量转换是主要的. 相似文献
5.
1．力量训练的方法
1．1沙地跑训练
沙地跑训练对中长跑运动员的益处很多，不少世界级优秀中长跑运动员都曾将沙地跑做为力量训练计划的一个重要内容。在沙地跑的训练中，运动员以较慢的速度就能使心血管系统和股肉系统同时承受力竭负荷，这也是其他训练不可能具有的功能。因此运动员只要做较少的练习便可取得明显的效果。如果运动员谨慎地对待沙地跑训练，那他们还能在受伤可能性较小的情况下以多种练习形式进行训练。沙地跑训练能使运动员的身体更加强，从而有利于运动员掌握一种能使跑步动作产生更好的生物力学效果的跑步技术。而且，在草地、沙地和泥土地上进行跑步训练具有力量训练的功能。中长跑运动员都应在训练和比赛后，赤脚在松软的地面上进行一些慢跑练习， 相似文献
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代天修 《体育成人教育学刊》2008,24(3):56-58
将20名足球运动员随机分成补糖组(C)与非补糖组(NC),测试运动员赛中疾跑时间、疾跑次数、补液量以及比赛前后体重差值等指标,用独立样本t检验来比较补糖组与非补糖组相应指标.结果发现,第1半场比赛前后体重差值(C:0.75±0.3kg;NC:0.93±0.3kg)、补液量(C:360±290;NC:550±280)补糖组显著低于非补糖组,第1半场疾跑时间(C:15.26±3.85;NC:12.00±2.44)、疾跑次数(C:15.4±4.38;NC:10.5±5.46)补糖组显著高于非补糖组(P＜0.05),说明赛中补糖在第1半场能阻止足球运动员运动能力的下降.但是,第2半场这些指标补糖组与非补糖组没有显著差异,说明赛中补糖在第2半场不能阻止足球运动员运动能力下降. 相似文献
7.
该项训练主要可以提高中长跑运动员的呼吸效率和呼吸能力。中长跑运动员通过本项训练能保持良好的身体运动姿势。而保持良好的跑步姿势,可以有效地防止伤害,很好地提高长跑的效率。本文重在介绍核心稳定性在运动员技术动作的准确性、协调性和有效性方面发挥了积极的作用。中长跑运动员针对本项训练的专项练习对运动员技术动作的正确性、身体协作性和适用性起着很重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
蔡阳 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(3):55-56
通过分析研究中长跑运动员的跑速和步频步幅与摄氧量、肺通气量和心率等心肺功能的关系,以及心肺功能和身体状况探讨长跑运动员跑步中生理特点与运动规律,为改进运动员的长跑运动技术,提高训练效果和运动成绩,科学有效制定训练计划和比赛的战术提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
为了探索优秀中长跑运动员赛前训练身体机能评定的方法,对22名优秀中长跑运动员赛期训练过程中的血尿素氮(BUN)指标进行检测和分析。结果发现,血尿素氮(BUN)是反映中长跑运动员赛前训练运动负荷的敏感指标;优秀中长跑运动员血尿素氮(BUN)的基础值为(6.40±0.62)mmol/L;男女运动员血尿素氮(BUN)的运动值有显著性差异,基础值和恢复值两项指标都没有显著性差异,未见训练年限对血尿素氮(BUN)有影响;提出了适于优秀中长跑运动员周运动量的评价标准,在今后的实际训练中,可根据不同对象个体差异进行适当调整。 相似文献
10.
1 少年中长跑运动员基础训练的重要性少年时期中长跑运动员在训练中,最主要的特征是根据少年中长跑运动员的解剖、生理等特点来科学地安排多年训练,使运动员在不同时期机体的各种机能能充分发育成熟,在全面发展的基础上发展运动员的专项素质和专项能力,使机体能够承受较大的运动负荷,为进入高水平的运 相似文献
11.
Mikkola J Vesterinen V Taipale R Capostagno B Häkkinen K Nummela A 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(13):1359-1371
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heavy resistance, explosive resistance, and muscle endurance training on neuromuscular, endurance, and high-intensity running performance in recreational endurance runners. Twenty-seven male runners were divided into one of three groups: heavy resistance, explosive resistance or muscle endurance training. After 6 weeks of preparatory training, the groups underwent an 8-week resistance training programme as a supplement to endurance training. Before and after the 8-week training period, maximal strength (one-repetition maximum), electromyographic activity of the leg extensors, countermovement jump height, maximal speed in the maximal anaerobic running test, maximal endurance performance, maximal oxygen uptake ([V·]O(?max)), and running economy were assessed. Maximal strength improved in the heavy (P = 0.034, effect size ES = 0.38) and explosive resistance training groups (P = 0.003, ES = 0.67) with increases in leg muscle activation (heavy: P = 0.032, ES = 0.38; explosive: P = 0.002, ES = 0.77). Only the heavy resistance training group improved maximal running speed in the maximal anaerobic running test (P = 0.012, ES = 0.52) and jump height (P = 0.006, ES = 0.59). Maximal endurance running performance was improved in all groups (heavy: P = 0.005, ES = 0.56; explosive: P = 0.034, ES = 0.39; muscle endurance: P = 0.001, ES = 0.94), with small though not statistically significant improvements in [V·]O(?max) (heavy: ES = 0.08; explosive: ES = 0.29; muscle endurance: ES = 0.65) and running economy (ES in all groups < 0.08). All three modes of strength training used concurrently with endurance training were effective in improving treadmill running endurance performance. However, both heavy and explosive strength training were beneficial in improving neuromuscular characteristics, and heavy resistance training in particular contributed to improvements in high-intensity running characteristics. Thus, endurance runners should include heavy resistance training in their training programmes to enhance endurance performance, such as improving sprinting ability at the end of a race. 相似文献
12.
Joel T. Fuller Dominic Thewlis Margarita D. Tsiros Nicholas A. T. Brown Joseph Hamill Jonathan D. Buckley 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):402-412
This study investigated whether male runners improve running performance, running economy, ankle plantar flexor strength, and alter running biomechanics and lower limb bone mineral density when gradually transitioning to using minimalist shoes for 100% of weekly running. The study was a planned follow-up of runners (n?=?50) who transitioned to minimalist or conventional shoes for 35% of weekly structured training in a previous 6-week randomised controlled trial. In that trial, running performance and economy improved more with minimalist shoes than conventional shoes. Runners in each group were instructed to continue running in their allocated shoe during their own preferred training programme for a further 20 weeks while increasing allocated shoe use to 100% of weekly training. At the 20-week follow-up, minimalist shoes did not affect performance (effect size: 0.19; p?=?0.218), running economy (effect size: ≤?0.24; p?≥?0.388), stride rate or length (effect size: ≤?0.12; p?≥?0.550), foot strike (effect size: ≤?0.25; p?≥?0.366), or bone mineral density (effect size: ≤?0.40; p?≥?0.319). Minimalist shoes increased plantar flexor strength more than conventional shoes when runners trained with greater mean weekly training distances (shoe*distance interaction: p?=?0.036). After greater improvements with minimalist shoes during the initial six weeks of a structured training programme, increasing minimalist shoe use from 35% to 100% over 20 weeks, when runners use their own preferred training programme, did not further improve performance, running economy or alter running biomechanics and lower limb bone mineral density. Minimalist shoes improved plantar flexor strength more than conventional shoes in runners with greater weekly training distances. 相似文献
13.
Effects of a verbal and visual feedback system on running technique, perceived exertion and running economy in female novice runners 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a verbal and visual feedback system on running technique, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and running economy. Twenty-two female novice runners were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The experimental subjects received verbal and visual feedback concerning their running technique prior to and during each training run. Training involved 15 20-min treadmill running sessions over a 5-week period. The control group adhered to the same training routine but did not receive feedback concerning their running technique. High-speed (100 Hz) photography was used to collect biomechanical data. A submaximal oxygen consumption test and Borg's RPE scale were used to collect data concerning running economy and perceived exertion, respectively. Statistical analysis using ANCOVA revealed that the proposed feedback system had a significant (P less than 0.01) effect on the experimental group's running technique by affecting the following desired changes relative to the control group: greater relative stride lengths, shorter support time, greater ankle dorsiflexion during support and greater knee flexion during support and non-support. There were no significant differences between the groups in submaximal VO2 or RPE. The results of this study suggest that verbal and visual feedback are effective means of eliciting modifications in running style in female novice runners. The link between modifications in running style and improvements in running economy and perceived exertion remains unclear. 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a verbal and visual feedback system on running technique, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and running economy. Twenty‐two female novice runners were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The experimental subjects received verbal and visual feedback concerning their running technique prior to and during each training run. Training involved 15 20‐min treadmill running sessions over a 5‐week period. The control group adhered to the same training routine but did not receive feedback concerning their running technique. High‐speed (100 Hz) photography was used to collect biomechanical data. A submaximal oxygen consumption test and Borg's RPE scale were used to collect data concerning running economy and perceived exertion, respectively. Statistical analysis using ANCOVA revealed that the proposed feedback system had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on the experimental group's running technique by affecting the following desired changes relative to the control group: greater relative stride lengths, shorter support time, greater ankle dorsiflexion during support and greater knee flexion during support and non‐support. There were no significant differences between the groups in submaximal VO2 or RPE. The results of this study suggest that verbal and visual feedback are effective means of eliciting modifications in running style in female novice runners. The link between modifications in running style and improvements in running economy and perceived exertion remains unclear. 相似文献
15.
Bushnell T Hunter I 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(3):261-268
In the finishing kick of a distance race, maximizing speed becomes the focus even if economy may be sacrificed. If distance runners knew how to alter their technique to become more sprint-like, this process could be more successful. In this study, we compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners while running at equal and maximal speeds. Athletes consisted of 10 Division I distance runners, 10 Division I sprinters, and 10 healthy non-runners. They performed two tests, each consisting of a 60-m run on the track: Test 1 at a set pace of 5.81 m/s, while Test 2 was maximal speed. Video was collected at 180 Hz. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sprint and distance groups at maximal speeds were found in the following areas: speed, minimum hip angle, knee extension at toe-off, stride length, contact time, and recovery knee at touchdown. In Test 1, sprinters and distance runners displayed many of the same significant differences. The control group was similar to the distance group in both trials. As distance runners attempt to sprint, the desired adjustments do not necessarily occur. Distance runners may benefit from biomechanical interventions to improve running speed near the end of a race. 相似文献
16.
The aims of the present study were to assess running economy in track runners and orienteers and to identify the factors responsible for any differences. The participants were 11 orienteers and 10 track runners of similar age, body mass, maximal oxygen uptake and training background. However, the orienteers included heavy terrain running in their daily training, whereas the track runners ran almost entirely on the roads and tracks. Maximal oxygen uptake and running economy were calculated during horizontal path running and during cross-country running in rough terrain with steep hills, using a telemetric system (K2, Cosmed, Italy). Running economy during path running was 217+/-12 and 212+/-14 ml x kg(-1) x km(-1) (mean +/- s) in the orienteers and the track runners, respectively. Running economy was impaired by 41-52% in heavy terrain (P < 0.05), and was less pronounced in the orienteers than in the track runners (88+/-18 vs 109+/-26 ml x kg(-1) x km(-1); P < 0.05). In conclusion, the better running economy of orienteers when changing from horizontal path to heavy terrain running could be an innate ability, or it could be speculated that specific training may improve running economy, indicating the importance of specific training for orienteers. 相似文献
17.
Tyler Bushnell 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):261-268
In the finishing kick of a distance race, maximizing speed becomes the focus even if economy may be sacrificed. If distance runners knew how to alter their technique to become more sprint-like, this process could be more successful. In this study, we compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners while running at equal and maximal speeds. Athletes consisted of 10 Division I distance runners, 10 Division I sprinters, and 10 healthy non-runners. They performed two tests, each consisting of a 60-m run on the track: Test 1 at a set pace of 5.81 m/s, while Test 2 was maximal speed. Video was collected at 180 Hz. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sprint and distance groups at maximal speeds were found in the following areas: speed, minimum hip angle, knee extension at toe-off, stride length, contact time, and recovery knee at touchdown. In Test 1, sprinters and distance runners displayed many of the same significant differences. The control group was similar to the distance group in both trials. As distance runners attempt to sprint, the desired adjustments do not necessarily occur. Distance runners may benefit from biomechanical interventions to improve running speed near the end of a race. 相似文献
18.
Richard A. Brindle D. David Ebaugh John D. Willson Margaret A. Finley Patricia A. Shewokis Clare E. Milner 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(20):2291-2297
ABSTRACT A large peak hip adduction angle during running is a risk factor for several overuse injuries in women. The purpose of this study was to determine if female runners with a large peak hip adduction angle have differences in eccentric hip abductor muscle strength, hip neuromuscular control, and/or hip width to femoral length ratio (HW:FL) compared to those with a small angle. Hip adduction during running, hip strength, hip control, and HW:FL were measured in sixty healthy female runners (1.66 ± 0.06 m; 63.2 ± 8.3 kg; 27 ± 6 years). Data from twenty runners with the largest and twenty with the smallest peak hip adduction angles were analysed. Between-group differences in hip strength, control, and HW:FL were determined using independent t-tests (p < 0.05). Variables that were significantly different between groups were entered into a regression model. Runners in both groups had similar hip strength (p = 0.90) and control (p = 0.65). HW:FL was greater in the large peak angle group (p = 0.04), but only explained a small amount of peak hip adduction angle variance for all sixty runners (R2 = 0.05). Alarge peak hip adduction angle in some healthy female runners may simply be instinctive as there were no deficiencies in the strength or neuromuscular control constructs assessed. 相似文献
19.
The aims ofthe present study were to assess running economy in track runners and orienteers and to identify the factors responsible for any differences. The participants were 11 orienteers and 10 track runners of similar age, body mass, maximal oxygen uptake and training background. However, the orienteers included heavy terrain running in their daily training, whereas the track runners ran almost entirely on the roads and tracks. Maximal oxygen uptake and running economy were calculated during horizontal path running and during cross-country running in rough terrain with steep hills, using a telemetric system (K2, Cosmed, Italy). Running economy during path running was 217 +/- 12 and 212 +/- 14 ml.kg -1 .km -1 (mean +/- s) in the orienteers and the track runners, respectively. Running economy was impaired by 41-52% in heavy terrain (P ? 0.05), and was less pronounced in the orienteers than in the track runners (88 +/- 18 vs 109 +/- 26 ml.kg -1 .km -1 ; P ? 0.05). In conclusion, the better running economy of orienteers when changing from horizontal path to heavy terrain running could be an innate ability, or it could be speculated that specific training may improve running economy, indicating the importance of specific training for orienteers. 相似文献