共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Seth Brown 《Sport, Education and Society》2017,22(7):785-798
Coaches and athletes have been increasingly inundated with power related ‘truths’ about their bodies, health and performance as they construct their subjectivities. Over the last couple of decades in New Zealand, schools have initiated elite athlete programmes (EAPs) for a select few students based primarily on their athletic ability and fitness levels. Drawing on Gore's techniques of power, my study investigated how healthism and the cult of the body discourses were (re)produced, negotiated and resisted by coaches and elite athletes and how body pedagogies defined and shaped bodies in two high school EAPs. My analysis suggested that ‘toned and fit’ bodies signified responsible athletes compared to ‘fat’ bodies and that elite athletes disciplined their bodies to overcome pain to remain productive. In both EAPs, power circulated at the micro-level of pedagogical practice to normalise and monitor the athletes’ diet, body weight and shape, and reinforced tensions between prudentialism and hedonism. 相似文献
2.
Anand B. Shetty 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):147-155
Leg power is an essential component for success in sports and athletic performance. Therefore, the leg power measurement may help athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and rehabilitation specialists in selecting, treating, and training athletes for a specific sport. Using a conventional ‘jump and reach’ test, one can accurately predict the leg power and success in anaerobic‐type sports. Nineteen untrained male subjects performed ‘jump and reach’ vertical jumps on a force platform. Power values were calculated from the force versus time data obtained from the force platform. A regression equation was obtained to predict the power values using the weight of an individual and the ‘jump and reach’ height as independent variables. The regression equation is given by p = ‐666.3+14.74 [Mass (kg)] +1925.72 [Height (m)]; [R‐square = 0.69, p<0.05]. 相似文献
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Wanda Ellen Wakefield 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(6):776-795
For decades American athletes in less-popular – or ‘minor’– sports suffered from a lack of institutional and practical support from their sports' governing bodies. The AAU, in particular, failed to provide the funds necessary for athletes in the sliding sports of luge and bobsled to obtain proper training and opportunities to compete. By the early 1970s, the American Olympic effort was in chaos as athletes from the Eastern Bloc, taking advantage of their nations' determination to field the best possible teams, began to excel at both the summer and winter Olympic Games. In response, Congress authorized a presidential commission to study the situation and make recommendations about how best to improve amateur sports in the United States. The result of the commission's work, the Amateur Sports Act of 1978, reorganized governance of amateur sports to the benefit, particularly, of athletes in sports such as luge and bobsled. 相似文献
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Myisha Cherry 《体育哲学杂志》2019,46(2):147-161
ABSTRACTWhile anger in sports has been explored in philosophy, the phenomenon known as having a ‘chipped shoulder’ (or CSP) has not. In this paper I explore the nature, causes, and effects of playing with a ‘chip on your shoulder’ in order to highlight the interplay between resentment, motivation, and performance. CSP, on my account, involves a lasting grudge, controlled anger, and desire for non-moral payback at being overlooked, slighted, or underestimated in sports presently or at one point in one’s career. I argue that CSP can motivate and thus enhance athletic performance. I also show how athletes can and should have a chipped shoulder forever. 相似文献
5.
At the beginning of the 2013/2014 season in England and Wales, 90 head coaches of the 92 men's national professional football league clubs and 20 of the 22 men's professional rugby union clubs had tenure as a professional elite player in their respective sports. Moreover, Rynne [(2014). ‘Fast track’ and ‘traditional path’ coaches: Affordances, agency and social capital. Sport, Education and Society, 19, 299–313] has claimed that many former elite athletes are ‘fast-tracked’ through formal accreditation structures into these high-performance coaching roles. The reasons why former elite athletes dominate head coaching roles in professional sports clubs and why a ‘fast-track’ pathway from elite athlete to high-performance coach is supported remain unclear. Thereby the present study sought to address this issue by investigating the basis for ‘fast-tracked’ head coaching appointments. Eight male directors of men's professional football and rugby union clubs in England were interviewed to examine how particular coaching skills and sources of knowledge were valorised. Drawing upon Bourdieu's conceptual framework, the results suggested that head coaching appointments were often based upon the perceived ability of head coaches gaining player ‘respect’. Experiences gained during earlier athletic careers were assumed to provide head coaches with the ability to develop practical sense and an elite sporting habitus commensurate with the requirements of the field of elite sports coaching. This included leadership and practical coaching skills to develop technical and tactical astuteness, from which, ‘respect’ could be quickly gained and maintained. The development of coaching skills was rarely associated with only formal coaching qualifications. The ‘fast-tracking’ of former athletes for high-performance coaching roles was promoted by directors to ensure the perpetuation of specific playing and coaching philosophies. Consequently, this may exclude groups from coaching roles in elite men's sport. The paper concludes by outlining how these findings might imply a disjuncture between the skills promoted during formal coaching qualifications and the expectations club directors have of elite coaches in these sports. 相似文献
6.
杨淦 《天津体育学院学报》2022,(1)
运动员数据的收集、分析和应用在大数据与人工智能向体育领域拓展的背景下越来越普遍,成为体育产业提升商业决策效率、加强风险预测能力和改善监督管理水平的重要工具。不同主体使用运动员数据的目的存在差异,职业体育俱乐部及国家队基于提升比赛成绩和降低签约风险的需求使用运动员数据,国际体育组织及国际赛事承办方基于兴奋剂检测与数据合规的要求使用运动员数据,商业机构基于市场竞争的考量使用运动员数据。这为提升体育竞技水平、加强商业决策效率与强化兴奋剂监管效果带产生积极影响,但同时存在侵害运动员隐私利益和正当缔约权利、数据泄露以及侵害运动员数据财产利益的法律风险。运动员数据应用场景涉及不同利益诉求,分别为俱乐部及商业机构的经济利益需求、监管机构与赛事承办方的政治利益需求、运动员及其经纪团队的隐私利益需求,这种多元利益格局之中潜藏着冲突的可能和协调的基础。基于利益平衡的考量,我国应构建以保护运动员隐私利益优先为首要原则、以健全运动员数据泄露补救措施为重要保障、以完善运动员数据合规审查与监管机制为主要内容、以推进运动员数据财产利益保护为外部依托的综合方案,应对运动员数据使用的法律风险。 相似文献
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Medical care in sport comprises a variety of treatments, from scientifically proven biomedicine to complementary and alternative medicine. Information and knowledge about these diverse treatment options is spread by different sources. Thus, athletes encounter information of varying content, quality and background. This exploratory pilot study addresses athletes' medical opinions, their health-related information seeking behaviour and the knowledge sources they utilise. Questionnaires were used to examine n = 110 German athletes (nmale = 69, nfemale = 41; meanage = 24.28 ± 4.97 years) at high performance levels (national team and/or European championship and/or World championship n = 22; first national league and/or German championship n = 51, second national league and/or State championship n = 37) from various Olympic sports. A cluster analysis regarding the athletes' attitudes towards sport medicine exhibited four different types of athletes: ‘the autonomous athlete’, ‘the open-minded athlete’, ‘the functionalistic athlete’ and ‘the conservative athlete’. In general, our findings show that the most used and trusted information sources are physicians and physiotherapists. However, medical information is trusted the most if it is experience- and field-tested, and comes from the athletes' sport-specific network. Our findings also suggest that professional medical knowledge management in competitive sport is needed. 相似文献
8.
Twitter is used by athletes, sporting teams and sports media to provide updates on the results of sporting events as they happen. Unlike traditional forms of sports media, online sports media offers the potential for diverse representations of athletes. The current study examined gender in social media coverage of the 2016 Olympic Games using a third wave feminist lens. The analysis focused on the Twitter pages of ‘Team GB’ and the ‘Australian Olympic team’ and the sports stories and images posted during the Rio Olympic Games. Despite a number of traditional differences in the ways that male and females were represented being present, such as the presence of ‘active’ images of male athletes accompanying sports stories and the presence of infantalization in the language used to represent female performers, this analysis demonstrated significant strides forward in terms of the quantity of coverage received by women in online spaces. It further highlights virtual platforms as dynamic spaces for the representation of women athletes. 相似文献
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Elite sports are widely considered by national governments as a merit good through which many benefits to society as whole can be fostered through the stimulation of ‘national pride’ and ‘happiness’ (or ‘wellbeing’). The aim of this paper is to analyze what factors influence perceived national pride and happiness when athletes succeed at major national and/or international competitions. Based on a nation-wide survey, data was collected from n = 2006 randomly selected Germans by means of a computer assisted telephone interview. The results reveal that 66.2% respondents felt proud and 65.6% respondents were happy when German athletes were successful at major events. National pride and happiness were significantly explained through interest in elite sports, sport participation and socio-economic variables. The results reveal that there are differences between the perception of pride and that of happiness. Women, individuals with a low educational background, and low income and individuals having a migration background are the population segments who gain most from the sporting success of elite athletes. The results show in particular that the funding of elite sports and elite athletes can be considered as policy tool for social integration. 相似文献
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Anaïs Bohuon 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(7):965-979
This paper aims to analyze gender verifications in sport from a socio-historical approach. These medical controls intended to keep men from competing in women's international competitions. Some female athletes are put through a masculinization trial, because of morphologies and performances judged as too masculine. Facing these athletes who disrupt the representation of a binary construction between the male sex and the female sex, sports institutions attempt to maintain a sexual bi-categorization. More precisely, this paper will present the ‘symbolic’ suppression of tests since 2000. Thereafter, authorities only rely on an aesthetic and visual assessment of female bodies and no longer use tests in a systematic and obligatory fashion. This reveals the moving boundary subjectively plotted between the masculine and the feminine, which become all the more blurred when the ‘race and class markers’ interfere with the ‘sex markers’. 相似文献
12.
旨在探讨青少年运动员的依附特性与运动友谊之间的关系,研究采用随机抽样方法,从湖南省三所体校抽取108名学生作为研究对象,以青少年依附问卷表(AAQ)、青少年运动友谊质量量表(SFQS)为工具进行测量,全部数据用SPSS统计软件进行分析。结果表明青少年运动员的依附特性与运动友谊有着显著关系,青少年运动员的依附特性对其运动友谊状况产生积极的影响。 相似文献
13.
‘Governmentality’ in the origins of European female PE and sport: the Spanish case study (1883–1936)
The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) to contribute to the analysis of the origins of modern European female PE and sports from a power perspective, inspired by Foucault's work; and (2) to present a detailed analysis of female PE and sport in Spain (1883–1936) as a specific European case study. It is argued that these physical activities could be conceived in the Spanish case as part of a specific kind of ‘governmentality’ with a dual nature. On the one hand they represented disciplinary ‘technologies of power’ over the female body. Selected physical activities—dictated mainly from the hygienic-moral position of the Regeneracionistas (‘Regenerationists’)—were exerted as a kind of ‘bio-power’ for the control of the female population. On the other hand, such kind of activities (especially sports) represented certain ‘technologies of the self’ for middle and upper class women. Through participation in sports, women gained a more active and public role in the Spanish society of the era, obtaining some degree of autonomy in self-governance over their bodies and their lives. 相似文献
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女子铅球运动曾是我国田径运动的优势项目之一,通过文献资料法、数理统计法和比较分析法对我国女子铅球运动水平进行分析和评述,根据当前存在的问题提出对策。结果发现,（1）1987年-1997年是我国该项目的鼎盛时期,为我国夺得不少荣誉。我国女子铅球最好成绩和世界年度最好成绩比较,差异不显著（p〉0.05）。1997年全运会之后,我国该项目成绩大幅度滑落。1998年-2010年,没有取得过一枚奖牌。世界最好成绩也呈现滑坡趋势。我国该项目最好成绩和世界年度最好成绩比较,差异非常显著（p〈0.001）。随着竞技体育的商业化和运动员的职业化发展,赛事不断的增加,在2011年上半年已举办的全国田径比赛中,仅2次突破20m大关,距离世界水平还相差甚远。（2）运动员选材工作不到位,运动训练未完全创新,运动竞赛表现差和竞技体育管理不当是我国女子铅球运动成绩下降的主要原因。（3）抓好运动员选材、完善运动训练、加强运动员竞赛能力和加强竞技体育管理力度是我国实现女子铅球运动重振辉煌的重要途径和方法。 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the talk of older athletes, with particular focus on how the context of sport helps them negotiate the ageing process. It draws on personal stories provided by 44 World Masters Games competitors (23 women; 21 men; aged 56–90 years; M = 72). Four themes emerged: ‘There's no such thing as old’ (a story of avoiding old age); ‘Keep moving’ (a story of fighting the ageing process); ‘Fun, fitness, friendship … [and] competing’ (a story of redefining self and ‘old age’) and; ‘Making the most of your life … with the capabilities that you still have’ (a story of adaptation and acceptance). Together, the four themes show how through sports participation older individuals can simultaneously resist, redefine and accept the ageing process. These stories of a ‘sporting later life’ allow for alternative meanings to the dominant ‘declining body’ narrative of ageing. Therefore, these narratives present the possibility for personal, pedagogical and social transformation. 相似文献
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目的:探讨青少年运动员公正世界信念、感知教练支持、运动环境公正与运动成绩间关系。方法:采用青少年运动员公正世界信念量表、感知运动环境公正量表、运动员感知教练员社会支持问卷,对946名青少年运动员进行测量,并获取其全年参加市级及以上级别比赛成绩。结果:1)青少年运动员公正世界信念、感知教练支持、感知运动环境公正、运动成绩彼此间显著相关;2)感知教练支持、感知运动环境公正在青少年运动员公正世界信念和运动成绩间起链式中介作用,其效应值为0.05,占总效应的13.9%。结论:青少年运动员公正世界信念能通过感知教练支持和感知运动环境公正的链式中介作用间接影响运动成绩。 相似文献
17.
《Sport in History》2013,33(2):213-235
In the autumn of 1965 the British Olympic Association organised a party of doctors, scientists and athletes to investigate the effects of altitude on athletic performance. As the first major example of ‘sports medicine’ research in the history of the BOA, the Mexican Research Project is multiply symbolic. This paper explores the significance of the research project, and the rich rhetoric of ‘amateurism’ that was used both to support and attack the IOC's decision to hold the 1968 Olympic Games at altitude. As well as being a significant moment in the formation of sports medicine as a distinct specialty in the UK, the Mexican Research Project also demonstrates the tensions and trends in the international sporting and political scenes. 相似文献
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AbstractIn The Pasteurization of France, Bruno Latour argued that the rise of hygiene was dependent on collaboration between Pasteur, the hygiene movement, scientists and others. He also pointed at the importance of obligatory passage points such as the Pasteurian laboratory, to ensure the scientization and rationalization of hygiene. This article argues that there has been a similar process in elite sports, a ‘physiologization’ where scientists, sport organizations and specialized coaches have transformed training from a deeply personal and experiential matter to something universal and scientific. Physiologists made the test lab an obligatory passage point for athletes who wanted to compete on the highest level. Through theories of sportification and science and technology studies this paper analyses the scientization of endurance sports. 相似文献
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本文主要通过文献资料法、访谈调查法、内容分析法,对我国新时代青少年田径训练现状的进行分析与思考,发现问题,给教练员和运动员的运动训练提供参考和借鉴,进一步促进我国青少年田径训练的科学化发展。研究发现我国新时代青少年田径训练存在以下问题:(1)训练手段方法单一,基础技术重视不够;(2)训练计划安排缺乏系统性,教练员专业水平较低;(3)训练次数和时间过多,运动员文化水平较低;(4)后备人才选材渠道,方法不合理,运动员训练动机不明确;(5)训练缺少科学技术手段的支持;(6)缺乏多方面的训练保障。 相似文献