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我国妇女体育发展的四个标志 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从对身体认知权利的获取程度、受体育教育的程度、女性体育人物的数量和质量、女性在竞技体育中的参与度这四个维度分析近代中国妇女体育的发展.认为:身体解放是首要的解放,获取身体认知的权利、体育教育、参与竞技运动表现的是身体的解放.夺取身体认知的权利是对男性统治的抗争;妇女体育教育是整个教育体系的重要组成部分;参与竞技运动不仅表明了女性的身体权利,也表明了女性有参与社会事务的能力和权利.女性体育代表性人物的大量涌现,是妇女体育发展的结果,反之又促进了妇女体育的发展,展示了妇女体育的发展从自在到自为的进步. 相似文献
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女性身体观与女性体育互动关系的历史演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从女性解放角度在历史和逻辑的辨析中展开女性身体观与女性体育互动关系的分析,得出如下结论:1)女性体育与其所处社会文化中的女性身体观之间的互动关系,既具有适应、认同和融合,也具有冲突、排斥和对立关系.2)女性身体观的发展受认知水平、社会变革和文化变迁等因素的影响.随着历史的发展,主导的女性身体观呈现逐渐由生物身体观向社会身体观,进而向审美身体观过渡的趋势.在这种趋势的影响下,女性竞技体育开始出现;女性参加体育人数从少数到多数;从参加少数体育项目到几乎所有项目,还根据女性自身的特点设置了女子项目;领导决策层中从没有女性到女性比例不断增加.3)女性体育的发展过程不仅体现了女性身体观对它的影响作用,而且也反映了其与女性身体观不断冲突,从而促进女性身体观朝向女性解放的方向发展. 相似文献
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《体育与科学》2017,(6):81-86
女性的体育参与经历了曲折的演进过程,现代传媒对女性运动员的报道呈现多元化价值倾向。网络传媒对女性运动员的形象构建存在明显的性别差异,其注意力更倾向于"身体美",对女性运动员的形象构建倾向娱乐化。网络传媒对女性运动员的形象构建不可避免地杂糅着男性的审美期许,同时女性运动员也兼具社会主体文化价值形象。网络媒介对女性运动员形象的建构存在国别与区域差异,体育资讯网站的信息归类相对杂乱。网络传媒中女性运动员生活空间的表达则集中在现代女性身体美的评判标准,网络传媒对女运动员的报道扩展到生活空间;女性运动员的娱乐化主题关注和私密生活的炒作成为网络传媒的营销手段;网络媒介对女性运动员的关注更多地体现为社会身份认同和角色期许的价值元素。 相似文献
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《中国体育(中英文版)》2010,(4):148-149
中国的女子体育是伴随着上个世纪初期天翻地覆的女性革命而逐步发展起来的．体育运动解放身体和将运动者置于众目睽睽之下的特性，使女性解放和体育运动紧密相连，可以说，女子体育的兴起是女性解放的代表性标志之一，女子从事体育运动在都市里一度成为时尚。 相似文献
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现代体育运动中女性身体文化的内涵与特点 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
体育运动中女性身体文化以一种独特的气质存在于社会现象之中,它既不同于政治、艺术与文学境界下身体文化的复杂,也不同于消费化境界下的现实,它有着自身的特质与表达力。在女性主义的理论支撑下,女性身体文化还受到了服装与媒体的影响,所表达出的文化境界更为人们对女性体育的研究提供了全新的视角。 相似文献
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人人都想获得长寿,而据国外的科学研究显示,短寿有十个标志,分别与无名指、身高、大腿、嗅觉、手臂、耳垂、腰围、乳房、小腿和血型有关。那么为何以这十项内容作为短寿征兆,科学依据又是什么呢?标志1:食指短《关节炎与风湿病》杂志公布的一项研究发现,食指短于无名指的女性,体内雌激素水平较低,她们患上膝关节炎的几率比普通人高两倍。当然,男性也可能有此问题。应对措施:注意增强膝部的肌肉力量。在椅子上坐直身体,抬起双腿与地面保持平行姿势,保持10秒再放下,反复做10次左右。标志2:个子高《美国国家科学院院刊》公布的一项研究成果称,身高超过157.5厘米的女性,可能缺少一种有助于长命百岁的基因。 相似文献
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《体育与科学》2016,(2)
采用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法对体育中的性别平等与差异现象进行研究。以身体操演的性别区隔、体育中的性别变迁、体育性别变迁引发的问题及其出路为内容进行深层次解读。认为:对传统性别认同的颠覆以及对性别平等的过度追求构成了体育参与中的性别危机,体育中的性别平等取决于对传统性别二分法的重新诠释,无论是对传统生理性别还是社会性别的简单划分都无法准确诠释体育运动中性别跨属行为,而多元化性别正是一个具有前瞻性和强有力的解释视角,性别是社会权力建构的产物、体育竞赛中的那种性别跨界以及变性人参加比赛的现象均可以被认为是通过性别角色的自我表演,进而获得一种当前的不稳定的性别身份,处理好人类对性别认识同一性与差异性的关系,从女性自己的术语和价值观方面去定义体育中的性别,才能真正获得她们运动参与的自由与解放。 相似文献
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通过对98名女性实施三个月的JABULANI锻炼,采用实验法、问卷调查法、访谈法及数理统计法,探讨JABULANI对女性健身效果的影响。结果表明:JABULANI是一项集健身、娱乐、观赏为一体的全新有氧运动项目,与其他有氧运动相比更受女性的喜爱,长期进行此项运动,身体形态和机能指标都能得到很大改善,并且可以培养良好的审美意识。 相似文献
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Daniel Alsarve 《Sport, Education and Society》2018,23(9):840-852
Sport is often described as a field containing competitive and hierarchy shaping activities. However, in Sweden and elsewhere, this field is also permeated by democratic principles where, for example, everybody has the right to participate in children’s and youth sports regardless of gender, ethnicity or physical ability. In Sweden, there are distinct objectives for gender equality, where women/girls and men/boys should ideally be treated and recognised equally. The aim of this paper is twofold: to examine how gender is enacted in the textbooks used in Swedish sports coaching and educational programmes and to identify whether any of the enactments reflect a hegemonic masculinity. The textbooks used in two of the most extensive courses arranged by the Swedish Sports Confederation, ‘The Platform’ [Plattformen] and ‘Basic Coach Education’ [Grundtränarutbildning] are in focus. The theoretical framework and methodological approach are inspired by research on sport, gender and the hegemonic masculinity thesis. In the process of analysis, the hegemonic perspective is central. During the analysis, four themes are identified as expressions of a hegemonic masculinity and, thus, as obstacles to gender equality. Firstly, the binary sex norm poses a real challenge for the implementation of gender equality because it helps to shape a hierarchy that privileges men and masculinities. Secondly and thirdly, the themes ‘puberty’ and ‘the coach’ appear to be important, in that they support and contest a gendered hierarchy. Finally, there are examples of men, like sport coaches, appearing as genderless, which is interpreted as a hegemonic acceptance of the category of men (as universal and genderless subjects). By critically illuminating these themes, the paper adds to the wider research field of sport, coaching and education programmes and the complexity of gender mainstreaming in sport. 相似文献
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Constance M. Mier 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):617-623
The accuracy of video analysis of the passive straight-leg raise test (PSLR) and the validity of the sit-and-reach test (SR) were tested in 60 men and women. Computer software measured static hip-joint flexion accurately. High within-session reliability of the PSLR was demonstrated (R > .97). Test-retest (separate days) reliability for SR was high in men (R = .97) and women R = .98) moderate for PSLR in men (R = .79) and women (R = .89). SR validity (PSLR as criterion) was higher in women (Day 1, r = .69; Day 2, r = .81) than men (Day 1, r = .64; Day 2, r = .66). In conclusion, video analysis is accurate and feasible for assessing static joint angles, PSLR and SR tests are very reliable methods for assessing flexibility, and the SR validity for hamstring flexibility was found to be moderate in women and low in men. 相似文献
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Mier CM 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):617-623
The accuracy of video analysis of the passive straight-leg raise test (PSLR) and the validity of the sit-and-reach test (SR) were tested in 60 men and women. Computer software measured static hip-joint flexion accurately. High within-session reliability of the PSLR was demonstrated (R > .97). Test-retest (separate days) reliability for SR was high in men (R = .97) and women R = .98) moderate for PSLR in men (R = .79) and women (R = .89). SR validity (PSLR as criterion) was higher in women (Day 1, r = .69; Day 2, r = .81) than men (Day 1, r = .64; Day 2, r = .66). In conclusion, video analysis is accurate and feasible for assessing static joint angles, PSLR and SR tests are very reliable methods for assessing flexibility, and the SR validity for hamstring flexibility was found to be moderate in women and low in men. 相似文献
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This study explored the extent and type of men and women's relationship to baseball at the end of the 20th century. Unobtrusive observations of the behaviors and comments of visitors to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, were undertaken during a 7-day period to explore how men and women related to baseball. The "doing of gender" by visitors was observed in several areas: (a) historical and personal connection to baseball, (b) ability to experience a bond with others through baseball, and (c) approach to touring the Hall of Fame and Museum. Women generally were seen as outsiders and peripheral to baseball and often connected to the sport in a manner different from men. 相似文献
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为了进一步认识三级跳远技术特征和优秀男女运动员在三级跳远项目上的技术差异,文章分析统计第十二届世锦赛三级跳远有关技术参数,研究结果表明,优秀女子运动员损失距离小于优秀男子运动员,女三级跳远成绩为男子的84%左右,而女子助跑最后一步质心速度为男子的89%,步长也为89%,说明优秀女子运动员三级跳远在成绩方面有潜力达到优秀男子运动员的89%。 相似文献
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In this study, we compared hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) strength changes in men and women, as well as changes in conventional and functional H:Q ratios following an identical 12-week resistance training program. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess 14 male and 14 female participants before and after the intervention, and conventional and functional H:Q ratios were calculated. Hamstring strength improved similarly in men and women, but improvement in quadriceps strength was significantly greater in men, while women showed only modest improvements. For the conventional and functional H:Q ratios, women showed significantly greater improvements than men. Both men and women were able to exceed the commonly recommended 0.6 conventional and 1.0 functional H:Q ratios after the 12-week lower-body resistance training program. 相似文献
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本文运用灰色关联分析法，对中外８名优秀男子跳远运动员跳远助跑最后１０ｍ分段速度与跳远成绩的关系进行了定量分析研究，其结果表明，第二段５ｍ的速度与跳远成绩的关系更为密切，从而为进一步改善我国男子跳远助跑最后１０ｍ分段速度提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对第11届全运会游泳比赛最终获得各单项前8名运动员竞技能力的发挥水平进行统计分析。结果显示:在预赛、半决赛及决赛中运动员竞技能力的总体发挥水平呈逐渐递增的态势,预赛为99.52%,半决赛为100.39%,决赛高达101.52%。男女决赛前3名的发挥均明显优于4～8名选手。不同赛次其竞技能力的发挥水平存在显著差异,男女发挥水平均表现为:决赛>半决赛>预赛。在半决赛、决赛中女子的发挥明显优于男子,在预赛中男女发挥无明显性别差异。在预赛、半决赛中速度性短游项目运动员的发挥均优于耐力性中长游项目的发挥,在决赛中无明显项目差异。这与运动员竞技状态、赛次目标、实力隐蔽、体力分配及机能节省化的需要有关。 相似文献
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根据世界男子跳远运动的现状,对当今世界男子跳远运动员的技术特点进行了概括地总结和分析,得出现代优秀男子跳远运动员技术有助跑距离进一步延长,助跑速度进一步加快,攻板阶段步频进一步加快,合理的助跑速度利用率,起跳速度快,摆动作用更为突出,起跳蹬伸时机早,适宜的腾起角度等特征。 相似文献
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周冰 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(4):34-36
本文通过文献资料法、录像分析法、比较分析法和数理统计法,以近三届奥运会上中国男篮与竞赛中的对手为研究对象,对反映球队及各位置运动员进攻能力的相关指标进行分析,找出中国男篮在进攻端乏力原因以及各位置运动员与对手的差距,为中国男篮尽快缩小与世界强队的差距提供理论依据。 相似文献