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1.
Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8–9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: ‘sit & reach’, medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity.  相似文献   

2.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8-9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: 'sit & reach', medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity.  相似文献   

3.
幼儿3-6岁的体育教学,对早期培养以灵敏、速度、快速力量、协调、平衡等为能力要求的竞技体育武术项目高水准运动员的成才很重要。文章根据2005年山西省国民体质监测幼儿身体素质坐位体前屈、10米折返跑、立定跳远、双脚连续跳、平衡木五项身体素质指标的测试结果中所反映出的3-6岁幼儿时期：在性别遗传方面,柔韧、速度、力量素质有明显差异,协调、平衡能力差别不大和6项素质均存在自然增长快的年龄段的身体素质自然增长规律。提出在3-6岁幼儿武术体育教学中,对男女幼儿的柔韧素质、速度素质、跳跃素质应区别对待,对协调性素质、平衡素质,男女幼儿的武术体育教学,应当安排一致。  相似文献   

4.
通过对福建省20~59岁成年人2005年与2010年体质监测数据分析,研究BMI分布规律及不同BMI人群体质水平的差异,探讨BMI对成年人体质的影响。结果显示:1.BMI与年龄呈正相关,随着年龄的增加BMI增大。2.体重过轻主要出现在30岁以前,以女性为主。30岁以后出现体重的快速增长,超重与肥胖率快速增长。3.体重过轻或肥胖人群综合水平较差,超重对综合体质的影响较弱,体重正常人群综合体质最佳4.体重过轻及超重、肥胖对体质的不利影响是全面的,包括身体形态、身体机能与身体素质。  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

Participation in youth sport is positively associated with physical fitness and performance. The purpose of the current study was to examine if physical fitness measures during childhood and early adolescence predicted high school sport participation. Participants included youth in the Michigan State University Motor Performance Study. Measures consisted of the endurance shuttle run, Wells sit-and-reach, jump and reach, standing long jump, agility shuttle run and 30-yard dash. Individual, generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association between each measure and the odds of participating in high school sport. For both sexes, the endurance shuttle run and agility shuttle run were related to sport participation. For boys only, the long jump and 30-yard dash were also associated with sport participation. Better physical fitness and performance across several dimensions in childhood, including those related to motor skills, enhanced the likelihood of sport participation in high school.  相似文献   

6.
我国大学生隐形肥胖者的体质形态和体力特征   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  
研究了我国大学生“隐形肥胖者”分布特点及形态和体力特征。对男女大学生各1200名进行体质测试,结果如下：1)男女隐形肥胖者分布比率为4．6％和10．3％;2)女性隐形肥胖者的BMI21和23组的腰围、腰围／臀围与对照组比较,有明显差异,而男子组却没有这种规律;3)男子在体力方面,隐形肥胖组中的BMI20、22、23组背力、握力、坐位体前屈和垂直纵跳,BMI21组的垂直纵跳,与对照组比较,明显下降。而女子除BMI各组背力外,均无明显差异;4)男子在运动能力方面,隐形肥胖组中的BMI各组除50m跑和立定跳远外,与对照组比较无明显差异,而女子除BMI22、23组50m跑和23组的立定跳远外,均无明显差异。研究表明女子隐形肥胖者是男子的2．24倍,在形态方面,女子隐形肥胖的腰围增大;而在体力方面,特别男子的肌肉力量和爆发力比较差。  相似文献   

7.
In this study, we determined the specificity of a low frequency taekwondo training programme on physical fitness levels in adolescent females who receive limited physical education instruction (i.e. 2 days per week). Major components of physical fitness assessed were: skeletal muscle fitness (hand grip strength, bent arm hang, standing long jump, and isokinetic strength), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), speed and agility (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and cardiovascular fitness (VO(2max) and 20-m shuttle run). Changes in body composition were also assessed (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA). Participants were divided into two groups, a taekwondo training group (n = 21), which trained 50 min a day, 2 days per week for 12 weeks, and a control group (n = 10). Taekwondo training improved isokinetic strength, standing long jump, and sit-and-reach performance. Body fat mass and percent body fat were reduced. No changes in grip strength, bent arm hang time, speed and agility, or cardiorespiratory fitness were observed. Results indicate that low frequency taekwondo training in adolescent females produces beneficial changes in skeletal muscle fitness, flexibility, and body composition in a relatively short period of time. Consequently, this specific type of training can be useful to female adolescents in structured school environments where physical education classes are limited and there is little free time for physical activity.  相似文献   

8.
中、日国民体质联合调查报告   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
中、日两国是目前世界上系统开展国民体质监测的主要国家,20余年来有着广泛的交流。中、日双方曾在1986年进行了7～20岁青少年体质研究联合调查,对两国青少年体质进行了全面的比较与分析。本次联合调查开展于2004—2007年,取样点分别为中国上海和日本东京。对两国6～74岁国民的身体形态、身体素质指标以及与体质相关的信息进行了调查。调查结果显示:1)中、日儿童青少年生长发育长期变化规律相似;2)上海儿童青少年生长发育水平高于东京。速度、绝对力量、韧素、平衡等能力高于同年龄的东京儿童青少年,但耐力素质和相对力量水平低于东京;3)上海成年人身体素质总体水平低于东京,虽然有多项身体素质指标的峰值高于东京,但是,在达到峰值以后,多数均低于同龄的东京居民;4)上海成年、老年人肥胖率高于东京,且上海肥胖发生率的潜在上升风险性更大。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

This study examined associations between four health-related physical fitness measures and obesity in Taiwanese youth aged 10–18 years. Data from 13,500 school-aged youth were randomly selected from the “School Physical Fitness Database” of Taiwan by sex and age. Variables examined were height, body mass and performance on modified sit-and-reach (flexibility), bent-leg sit-up (abdominal muscular strength/endurance), standing long jump (lower body explosive strength) and distance run/walk (cardiorespiratory endurance). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. Increased odds of being obese with decreased fitness levels were observed for lower body explosive strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in both sexes. The highest odds of being obese was found in the least fit quintile of cardiorespiratory endurance compared with the most fit quintile both in boys (Odds ratio, OR = 10.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.94–13.73) and girls (OR = 5.40; 95% CI, 3.90–7.47). These findings suggest that in addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body explosive strength is also associated with childhood and adolescent obesity.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
In the Ballabeina study, we investigated age- and BMI-group-related differences in aerobic fitness (20 m shuttle run), agility (obstacle course), dynamic (balance beam) and static balance (balance platform), and physical activity (PA, accelerometers) in 613 children (M age = 5.1 years, SD = 0.6). Normal weight (NW) children performed better than overweight (OW) children in aerobic fitness, agility, and dynamic balance (all p <.001), while OWchildren had a better static balance (p < .001). BMI-group-related differences in aerobic fitness and agility were larger in older children (p for interaction with age = .01) in favor of the NW children. PA did not differ between NW and OW (p > or = .1), but did differ between NW and obese children (p < .05). BMI-group-related differences in physical fitness can already be present in preschool-age children.  相似文献   

12.
This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3–5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P ≥ 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life.  相似文献   

13.
运用文献资料法,数理统计法,专家访谈法等多种研究方法,对2009年全国龙舟锦标赛、中华龙舟大赛总决赛、2010年亚运会全国选拔赛中各单项前六名的30支优秀男子龙舟队伍的运动员身体素质指标进行研究,通过研究分析,确立我国优秀男子龙舟运动员身体素质的评价模型。结果表明:1)我国优秀男子龙舟运动员的身体素质主要由力量、耐力、柔韧、速度、灵敏5个因子构成,其中力量因子和耐力因子的载荷贡献率较大。2)我国优秀男子龙舟运动员的身体素质特征表现为:力量较大,速度快,耐力突出,反应灵敏,柔韧性很好等特点。3)根据各素质指标测得数据统计分析,按其的权重比例构建评价体系模型,为我国优秀男子龙舟运动员的科学选材和训练提供重要的参考依据。  相似文献   

14.
不同BMI等级大学生间身体素质的比较研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
通过文献资料调研,对2005年浙江省学生体质健康监测中大学生的各项身体素质与其身体形态指标数据进行相关研究,揭示了大学生BMI与其各项身体素质之间的关系。结果显示:不同BMI等级大学生间的各项身体素质存在明显的差异,肥胖、超重和体重过低都会影响大学生身体素质的发展;BMI正常的学生的身体素质明显好于BMI偏低或偏高的学生;BMI偏低的学生身体素质又好于BMI偏高的学生;BMI偏高的主要影响是使学生的耐力、速度和相对肌肉力量素质下降;BMI偏低会使学生的力量素质和柔韧性下降。  相似文献   

15.
This study examined the relative contribution of age, stage of puberty, anthropometric characteristics, health-related fitness, soccer-specific tests and match-related technical performance to variance in involvements with the ball during recreational 5-a-side small-sided (32 × 15 m) soccer matches. Using a cross-sectional design, 80 healthy male students (14.6 ± 0.5 years of age; range 13.6–15.4) who played soccer recreationally were randomly divided into 10 teams and played against each other. Measurements included height, body mass, pubertal status, health-related fitness (12-min walk/run test, standing long jump, 15-m sprint and sit-ups in 30 s), soccer-specific tests (kicking for speed, passing for accuracy and agility run with and without a ball), match-related technical performance (kicks, passes and dribbles) and involvements with the ball during matches. Forward multiple regression analysis revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness (12-min walk/run test) accounted for 36% of the variance in involvements with the ball. When agility with the ball (zigzag running) and power (standing long jump) were included among the predictors, the total explained variance increased to 62%. In conclusion, recreational adolescent players, regardless of their soccer-specific skills, may increase participation in soccer matches most through physical activities that promote improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle power and agility.  相似文献   

16.
目的利用身体形态、体力活动和超声骨指标来预测超重和肥胖者的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度。方法选取超重和肥胖男性受试者138名(年龄50.9±9.6岁;BMI29.1±2.6 kg/m^2),随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重、BMI、胸围和腰围等)、体力活动(握力、纵跳和肺活量等)和超声骨指标(超声声速和传播指数)。骨密度使用双能X线吸收测定法进行测量。使用Stepwise逐步回归法构建下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的预测模型。结果多元线性回归分析显示,所构建的模型都能够有效地预测受试者的骨密度。其中,下肢骨密度预测模型的拟合度最高。Bland-Altman定量测量结果一致性分析表明,下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的实测值与预测值具有显著的相关性(r=0.35,r=0.60,r=0.31;P<0.001)。结论研究所构建的模型可以有效预测不同年龄、肥胖程度和体力活动水平男性的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度,适用于大规模人群的骨质疏松症筛查与早期防治。  相似文献   

17.
试探竞技健美操训练内容体系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
借助体育运动训练原理和其他学科研究成果,并结合健美操特点及训练经验,阐述了健美操训练内容体系:1、动作技术训练:基本动作技术、操化动作、难度动作;2、身体素质训练:力量(跳与跃)、柔韧、速度、耐力、协调;3、健美操综合素质训练:健美操整合能力、音乐感受及表现能力、健美操创编能力、心理素质。  相似文献   

18.
少年篮球运动员身体机能和素质变化的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
采用综合性的研究方法,对少年篮球运动员的遗传、身体机能、身体素质、营养恢复等方面的问题进行了研究。结果表明经过训练,少年篮球运动员的身高、体重、握力、最大摄氧量明显增加;速度、耐力、力量、灵敏等身体素质有了明显的进步;进行适宜的力量训练,不仅能够提高肌肉力量,而且对专项素质也有明显的促进作用;服用肌酸、蛋白粉等补剂能增加体重和无氧功峰值。  相似文献   

19.
青少年散打运动员一般身体素质与运动水平的相关性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用实验测试法对参加通级赛的66名男子青少年散打运动员进行了一般身体素质的测试,经过数理统计分析与逻辑推理,得出结论如下:(1)速度耐力、一般耐力在15～17岁少年散打运动员比赛中起决定性作用.(2)与青少年散打运动员运动水平相关的身体素质的重要性依次为:速度耐力、一般耐力因子;柔韧因子;力量因子;灵敏因子.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of the this study was to establish age- and gender-specific physical fitness normative values and to compare percentiles and Z scores values in a large, nationwide sample of Greek children aged 6–18 years. From March 2014 to May 2014, a total of 424,328 boys and girls aged 6–18 years who attended school in Greece were enrolled. The studied sample was representative, in terms of age–sex distribution and geographical region. Physical fitness tests (i.e. 20?m shuttle run test (SRT), standing long jump, sit and reach, sit-ups, and 10?×?5?m SRT) were performed and used to calculate normative values, using the percentiles of the empirical distributions and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method. Normative values were presented as tabulated percentiles for five health-related fitness tests based on a large data set comprising 424,328 test performances. Boys typically scored higher than girls on cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and speed/agility, but lower on flexibility (all p values <0.001). Older boys and girls had better performances than younger ones (p?相似文献   

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