共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Kuno Hottenrott Sebastian Ludyga Stephan Schulze 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(3):157-165
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of three different training models on aerobic power and body composition in recreationally active runners. According to their preferences 54 subjects (female=?27, male?=?27) were assigned to the following groups: (a) weekend group (WE), who performed two sessions of continuous endurance training weekly, (b) after-work group (FE) who carried out four sessions of high intensity training as well as an additional endurance run and (c) STAR group (STAR), who took part in a training with exercise telemetry monitors based on the heart rate variability. Over the 12-week study period the mean training volume was approximately 2 h 15 min per week. Of the participants 47 successfully completed the training study and all 3 groups showed significantly improved aerobic power (p?<0.001); however, the FE group (d?=?1.15) showed increased VO2max superior to WE (d?=?0.48) and STAR (d?=?0.66) groups. Significant improvements in body mass (p?<?0.001), body fat (p?<?0.001) and visceral fat (p?<?0.001) were found in the WE, FE and STAR group. All groups completed the half marathon with no significant differences in performance. Based on a similar training volume, short, intensive endurance training sessions of about 30 min were found to elicit the greatest improvements of VO2max in recreationally active runners. 相似文献
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Martin Giese 《Sportwissenschaft》2016,46(2):102-109
Because anthropological premises influence every form of intervention and implicit anthropological assumptions are always to be found behind the methods, in sports pedagogics it is pointed out in various theoretical contexts that a reflection on the basic anthropological assumptions is necessary to avoid this becoming a form of dark material in the mediation process. In contrast, it remains completely unnoticed that the benefit of anthropology in the critical theory and also in the pedagogics of handicapped people under the keyword of anthropological critique, is fundamentally doubted because anthropological assumptions can also be used to exclude people with handicaps. Against the background of anthropological critique, in an interdisciplinary approach at the interface between sports pedagogics and pedagogics of handicapped people, it is shown that the anthropology of sports pedagogics is also rendered conspicuous through structures potentially hostile or exclusionary to handicapped people. Previously discussed sports anthropological approaches can consequently provide little orientation on the way to an inclusive sports pedagogics and are in need of modification. In an effort to constructively turn these findings, it becomes apparent that an anthropological foundation, even against the background of anthropological criticism, still seems to be possible if the focus would explicitly be on historical anthropological pedagogics, which concentrate on functional and structural determination of the essence of mankind and thereby place the autonomy of humans at the center of all inclusive pedagogic endeavors. 相似文献
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Mustafa Alhaj Ahmad Alaboud Iris Güldenpenning Yvonne Steggemann-Weinrich Wilfried Kunde Matthias Weigelt 《Sportwissenschaft》2016,46(3):223-231
Experimental studies on the head fake in basketball showed that participant’s responses in a pass direction identification task were delayed for incongruent compared to congruent directions of the players gaze and pass (so-called head fake effect). In these studies on the head fake effect, static pictures were presented and responses on the pass direction were given with a simple key press. The present study examines whether an increase in the response complexity affects the head fake effect and whether it can also be transferred to the presentation of dynamic stimuli. In experiment 1, participants were presented with static pictures of a basketball player who passes a ball to the left or to the right. The player’s gaze direction was either oriented in the direction of the intended pass or in the opposite direction (i.?e., a head fake). The participants were asked to respond as quickly as possible to the pass direction and to ignore the gaze direction. Participants gave responses by pressing a key (simple response) or by executing a quasirealistic defense movement (complex response). Response complexity was blocked. In experiment 2, videos replaced the static stimuli. The responses were only given with the complex, full body movement. Results show that the head fake effect is independent of response complexity and that it can also be found when presenting dynamic stimuli. 相似文献
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This article attempts to outline the neuronal foundations of movement automatization. In particular, it is shown that an increase in automaticity corresponds to processes of synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal and corticocortical system. This mechanism is supposed to induce changes in the neuronal representations of the respective skill. Furthermore, the role of phasic dopamine release will be discussed with respect to its modulating effect on processes of plasticity. 相似文献
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The international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) is a concept developed for the healthcare sector by the World Health Organization, which considers the health problems of a person with respect to functional ability, impairments and context factors. Mobility is an important basic functional element, central health criterion and an important prerequisite for participation in social life. In addition to all routinely relevant daily movements (e.g. walking, lifting and carrying), activities at the workplace and sport-related activities are also taken into consideration. Because mobility is internationally established as a central criterion of health by the World Health Organization, this results in a series of interesting connecting factors from sport scientific and kinesthesiological perspectives: movement is the central object of kinesthesiology and exercise therapy. Mobility is of exceptional importance for human existence and dealing with the world at large. Analogous to the discussion on basic motor competences with respect to compatibility in educational sciences, utilization of the ICF can be the basis for a common language in the medical-therapeutic milieu. The orientation to mobility allows the targets, contents and methods of exercise therapy to be addressed for the context-related importance in individual cases. This article presents possible perspectives for sport scientific disciplines, sport and exercise therapy with respect to mobility. The importance of mobility for health is emphasized and the relevance is discussed based on the development of diagnostic procedures and application of therapy. 相似文献
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Sabine Reuker 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(4):240-246
There is a current controversial discussion about the professionalization of teachers. In this respect the present article focuses on the professional vision as one important aspect of the professionalization of physical education teachers. As this aspect has not yet been a subject of discussion the article presents a first overview of the theoretical and empirical findings on the professional vision. For this purpose, findings of other educational subject areas and fields of sport science are presented. Furthermore, open questions relating to physical education will be pointed out to initiate further research projects. 相似文献
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Dr. Andreas Krüger Jürgen Edelmann-Nusser Kerstin Witte Sándor Vajna 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(1):25-33
Sporting goods companies face significant challenges. As a result, the importance of a structured and systematic product development process has increased. There are several paradigms to support the product development, with the integrated product development paradigm as one of the most important ones. This study aims at the verification of an efficient application of Integrated Product Development for the development of sports equipment. For that purpose Insider Action Research is used. Three different case studies (leisure, fun and professional sports market) were conducted and analysed. To objectify the results, objective and subjective efficiency criteria were defined. The results show a positive evaluation of the criteria. So far, the development projects have been performed in an academic context only. 相似文献
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Improving environments for physical activity is a fundamental goal of health sports. Both considerations in sport science as well as practical guidelines by sport associations and sickness funds build upon that. However, currently there is neither a theory-based concept nor a systematic operationalisation of that concept. In the first part, this article therefore aims to define and conceptualise the term “environments for physical activity”. It refers to the term “setting” to underline the multidimensionality of environments with regard to physical activity as part of health promotion. The article indicates potential links of the concept to theories of sociology and political science by looking at the interdependency of structure (Verhältnisse) and agency (Verhalten). The second part of the article analyses a case study from physical activity promotion to demonstrate the explanatory power of the concept to intervention practice. The focus of the analysis is on an approach to structural change, i.e. the potential of changing environments for physical activity. 相似文献
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Monitoring of physical fitness (PF) in childhood is important from a societal as well as individual perspective to ensure and support healthy child development. Hence, the German Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs together with the German Olympic Federation recommend the usage of motor tests, for instance in schools, to implement targeted interventions. Results of motor assessments are interpreted using reference categories to prevent overinterpretation of small but meaningless intra- and inter individual differences. Furthermore, temporal trends can influence the validity of these reference categories. The aims of the study are (1) to examine short- and medium-term changes in PF in middle childhood (2) to evaluate implications for reference values and the validity of the construct PF, (3) to provide valid reference values for eight- to nine-year-old children. In the school years 2011–2016, over 20,000 third-graders completed the German Motor Test (GMT) in the project “Berlin has Talent”. Possible temporal trends are examined using regressions and cross-tables. Implications of these changes on the construct PF are analyzed using Rasch measurement. Four out of seven tasks showed temporal changes. However, the validity and unidimensionality of the GMT are confirmed (p?>?0.90), if balancing backwards is excluded from the model. On the one hand, task-related changes of children’s motor performance within five years support the requirement of a comprehensive continuous monitoring to enable early interventions. On the other hand, they call for continuous evaluation of reference values of the GMT, which should rely on representative and sufficiently large samples. 相似文献
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Christoph Behrens Eike Emrich Martin Hämmerle Christian Pierdzioch 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(1):89-98
Recent studies have found a positive link between match quality, i.?e., the congruence of motives for doing volunteer work and the actual experiences, and the satisfaction of volunteers. We studied determinants of match quality based on data of volunteers in sports clubs from Rhineland–Palatinate. We found that match quality is positively correlated with different forms of support and recognition by sports clubs, whereas support by the employer plays only a minor role. We furthermore found path dependencies: previously gained skills and the question who or what affected the initial decision of doing volunteer work influence match quality. Match quality is lower if a lack of volunteers is perceived within a club. On average, match quality is higher for volunteers who do operative work than for volunteers in executive positions. 相似文献
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Christoph Bertling 《Sportwissenschaft》2016,46(1):34-40
On the basis of the media coverage of the Olympic Games and the underlying strategic positioning, it is shown how important it is to illuminate this topic from an interdisciplinary perspective. Special emphasis is placed on the coupling of resource-based theory and network theories and illustrates particularly well the new interplay between management, organizational communication and mass communication. In the past decade the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has been transformed in ever increasing dimensions into a media corporation. The Olympic values and principles, innovations and creation potentials are the focal points of this strategy as tangible assets of the media. 相似文献
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Against the background of the long-debated, controversial issue of mixed-sex vs. single-sex education, this paper empirically analyses whether or not female students are put at a disadvantage by coeducational physical education (P.E.) classes. Drawn on the existing literature on school sport, it is assumed that coeducational P.E. classes, at least as currently practiced, rather conform to the sports-related expectations of boys than of girls. Based on the SPRINT data-set, it is investigated whether coeducation in P.E. is accompanied by more negative affective states, more negative self-ratings of athletic competence as well as poorer grades among female students. Girls in single-sex P.E. classes serve as a control group in these analyses. The findings confirm all of our hypotheses: Girls in coeducational P.E. classes (a) experience more negative affects prior to school sport, (b) have a more negative self-concept of their athletic abilities and (c) achieve significantly lower grades. In P.E., coeducation thus signifies measurable disadvantages for female students. In light of future challenges, like increasing diversity among students and the rising demand for inclusive education, these findings once more gain in importance. 相似文献
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Frank Förster 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(13):1936-1938