共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
踺子转体180°前手翻前空翻类动作是跳马项目近几年开发的一类高难度动作,从当前发展情况看,此类动作发展的潜力很大,已经成为新的潮流动作。我国女子优秀跳马运动员程菲能较好完成踺子转体180°前手翻转体180°直体前空翻的高难前沿动作,研究她完成此动作的运动学规律及主要技术特点,旨在为其今后发展此类动作的更高难度提供运动学参数,同时对有条件发展此类动作的运动员也具有理论和实际运用价值。 相似文献
2.
跳马器械改变后,男子跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体900°是目前该类动作中难度最大的动作之一,其难度分值为10分。在我国乃至世界上掌握此动作的运动员人数甚少,该动作有很大的发展潜力。研究通过三维录像,取得我国优秀运动员李小鹏完成此动作的第一手资料,经过解析处理,获得其运动学参数,并对动作进行了技术分析与诊断,旨在揭示跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体900°动作的内在规律和运动学特征,为运动训练及技术创新提供定量数据和理论依据。 相似文献
3.
运用文献资料法、观察法及录像解析法研究了我国世界跳马冠军陆斌完成的男子跳马高难度前沿动作前手翻直体前空翻转体900°的运动学规律,分析了他完成踏跳、推手和第二腾空等几个最关键的技术环节的特点.提出的技术参数可以为我国运动员发展和改进该动作技术提供参考依据. 相似文献
4.
以录像解析数据为依据,对2005年十运会上李小鹏、陆斌跳马前手翻直体前空翻转体900°动作完成情况的主要技术环节,包括上板踏跳、第一腾空、扶马推手、第二腾空等技术进行运动学特征诊析,为进一步改进和提高此技术提供参考依据. 相似文献
5.
前手翻团身转体180°接后空翻,前手翻团身前空翻转体180°或360°,前手翻屈直体转体180°接直体后空翻,是我国男子优秀体操运动员近年来在前手翻团身前空翻基础上发展起来的高难度跳马动作。采用前手翻来加难第二腾空的动作,有极 相似文献
6.
跳马过程中人-器械动力学关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:对程菲和洪淑贞完成的“踺子转体180°前手翻接直体前空翻转体180°”(简称“R180”)进行建模与仿真,从研究两人与跳马器械动力学关系上,揭示这类跳马在踏跳和推马阶段的运动技术规律.方法:首先对程菲和洪淑贞完成的“R180”进行三维运动学分析,再采用MSC.ADAMS/ LifeMod软件建立19环节的人体模型,通过Python脚本语言编写的接口软件,将人体三维运动坐标赋予人体模型,建立与人体相接触的助跳板、跳跃平台(马)的跳马器械;最后对“R180”进行计算机仿真及动力学分析.结果:程菲踏跳垂直反作用力峰值为2 382 N(5.9 BW),洪淑贞为2 692 N(6.5 BW),程菲在开始踏跳阶段垂直反作用力-时间曲线出现了一个短暂的小平台期,而洪淑贞没有出现;程菲推马双手垂直反作用力合力峰值为556 N(1.4 BW)、洪淑贞为846 N(2.1 BW),程菲此阶段垂直反作用力-时间曲线呈双峰型,洪淑贞呈单峰型.结论:“R180”类跳马动作,踏跳阶段,运动员踏跳同时的一定量转体减少了第一腾空转体难度,可能也减少了踏跳力大小,这对于踏跳技术好坏无明显影响;推马阶段,不要使身体纵轴转体开始过早,这可能导致向上推马动力不足,影响第二腾空高度.提示,完善踏跳和推马技术是练习这类跳马动作的关键. 相似文献
7.
男子自由体操两个创新动作的运动学分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
踺子后手翻转体１８０°接直体前空翻两周和踺子后手翻转体１８０°接直体前空翻两周转体１８０°，属于高难创新动作。本文对其技术特征从运动学角度进行定量和定性分析 相似文献
8.
李小鹏在跳马推手技术中采用了"扒马"推手技术,白云鹏在前手翻直体前空翻转体900°动作中运用了传统的推手技术。针对李小鹏跳马的"扒马"技术和白云鹏的推手技术动作数据进行运动学对比分析,为前手翻类动作的提高难度与创新提供可靠的技术参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
赵树耀 《西安体育学院学报》1998,(2)
运用生物力学研究方法,通过高速摄影对体操运动员肖俊峰完成的前手翻接直体前空翻、转体５４０（°）、转体９００（°）高难动作支撑环节变化特征作了运动学对比分析,揭示了支撑环节变化对水平速度的利用和垂直速度的转换特点。分析论证了前手翻屈臂推手技术的运动学特征,提出了在运动训练屈臂推手技术应予以重视。 相似文献
11.
运用运动生物力学的三维DLT研究方法对踺子类李小鹏跳和女子经常采用的尤尔钦科动作进行了解分析,得知,李小鹏动作命名的踺子上板转体180°前手翻转体900°动作,李起跳的水平速度达到5.48m/s,尤尔钦科动作为5.02m/s。李的起跳时间用了0.14s,尤尔钦科动作用了0.12s。因为有转体的原因,踏板李小鹏跳的左肩角度达到157°,而不转体的尤尔钦科动作为106°。离板瞬间重心点和起跳点连线和水平面的角度尤尔钦科动作为86°,李的角度为89°,这样力能更好地向上传递。重心最高点尤尔钦科动作为2.50m,李小鹏跳重心最高点2.91m,在这样的高度内完成了空中旋的动作。 相似文献
12.
A. Dainis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):341-349
Handspring vaults performed by 10 advanced-level female gymnasts were analyzed using a three-segment model. Kinematic variables and energy changes were measured for the preflight, contact, and after-flight phases. Each vault was scored with regard to kinematic factors only, and a correlation matrix between all of the measured variables was calculated. It was found that even though the preflight variables of the gymnasts as they left the takeoff board were very similar, their vertical velocities at initial horse contact varied considerably, with the poorest vaults showing downward velocities. This appeared to be a principal factor determining the outcome of the vault. All gymnasts lost horizontal speed, angular momentum, and mechanical energy during the contact phase. 相似文献
13.
The optimum pre-flight characteristics of the Hecht and handspring somersault vaults were determined using a two-segment simulation model. The model consisted of an arm segment and a body segment connected by a frictionless pin joint, simulating the vault from the Reuther board take-off through to landing. During horse contact, shoulder torque was set to zero in the model. Five independent pre-flight variables were varied over realistic ranges and an objective function was maximized to find the optimum pre-flight for each vault. The Hecht vault required a low trajectory of the mass centre during pre-flight, with a low vertical velocity of the mass centre and a low angular velocity of the body at horse contact. In contrast, the optimum handspring somersault required a high pre-flight trajectory, with a high angular velocity of the body and a high vertical velocity at horse contact. Despite the simplicity of the model, the optimum pre-flights were similar to those used in competitive performances. 相似文献
14.
Yoshiaki Takei Erik P. Blucker Hiroshi Nohara Noriyoshi Yamashita 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):849-863
The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical variables that govern success of the Hecht vault. The participants were 122 male gymnasts from 30 countries performing the vault at the 1995 World Gymnastics Championships. The vaults were filmed using a Photosonics 16-mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz. Approximately 80 frames were digitized for each vault analysed. The method of Hay and Reid was used to develop a theoretical model to identify the mechanical and physical variables that determine linear and angular motions of the vault. Correlational analysis was used to establish the strength of the relationship between the causal mechanical variables identified in the model and the judges' scores. Significant correlations (P ? 0.005) indicated that the following were important determinants of success: large horizontal and vertical velocities at take-off from the board and the horse; large vertical and angular distances of pre-flight; large vertical impulses of high force and short duration exerted on the horse and the resulting large changes in vertical velocity on the horse; and large horizontal and vertical distances and long times of post-flight. Of the 18 significant variables identified in the present study, the angular distance of pre- and post-flights, the horizontal velocity and angular momentum at take-off from the horse, and the average moment of inertia and duration of post-flight collectively accounted for 57% of the variation in the judges' scores. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical variables that govern success of the Hecht vault. The participants were 122 male gymnasts from 30 countries performing the vault at the 1995 World Gymnastics Championships. The vaults were filmed using a Photosonics 16-mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz. Approximately 80 frames were digitized for each vault analysed. The method of Hay and Reid was used to develop a theoretical model to identify the mechanical and physical variables that determine linear and angular motions of the vault. Correlational analysis was used to establish the strength of the relationship between the causal mechanical variables identified in the model and the judges' scores. Significant correlations (P < 0.005) indicated that the following were important determinants of success: large horizontal and vertical velocities at take-off from the board and the horse; large vertical and angular distances of pre-flight; large vertical impulses of high force and short duration exerted on the horse and the resulting large changes in vertical velocity on the horse; and large horizontal and vertical distances and long times of post-flight. Of the 18 significant variables identified in the present study, the angular distance of pre- and post-flights, the horizontal velocity and angular momentum at take-off from the horse, and the average moment of inertia and duration of post-flight collectively accounted for 57% of the variation in the judges' scores. 相似文献
16.
Yoshiaki Takei J. Hubert Dunn Erik Blucker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):141-162
The 16 highest‐scored Roche vaults (G1) performed during the 2000 Olympic Games were compared with those receiving the 16 lowest‐scores (G2). A 16‐mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz recorded the vaults during the competition. The results of t tests (p < .05) indicated G1, compared to G2, had (a) shorter time of board support, greater normalised average upward vertical force and backward horizontal force exerted by the board, greater change in the vertical velocity while on the board, and greater vertical velocity at board take‐off, (b) comparable linear and angular motions in pre‐flight, (c) smaller backward horizontal impulse exerted by the horse, smaller loss of the horizontal velocity while on the horse, and greater horizontal and vertical velocities at horse take‐off, (d) greater height and larger horizontal distance of post‐flight, (e) higher body mass centre at knee release, and (f) higher mass centre, greater normalised moment of inertia, and smaller vertical velocity at mat touchdown. Therefore, gymnasts and coaches should focus on sprinting the approach; blocking and pushing‐off the take‐off board rapidly and vigorously; departing the board with a large vertical velocity; exerting large downward vertical force and small forward horizontal force from the handstand position while on the horse; departing the horse with large horizontal and vertical velocities; and completing the majority of the double salto forward near the peak of trajectory and releasing the knees above the top of the horse to prepare for a controlled landing. 相似文献
17.
Bradshaw EJ Le Rossignol P 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2004,3(2):249-262
The aim of this study was to identify the anthropometric and physical prerequisites for high difficulty floor tumbling and vaulting. Twenty 8-14 year old female talent-selected gymnasts performed handstand push-offs, and single and multiple jumps on a portable Kistler force plate. The force curves were analysed using Kistler and Excel software to obtain peak displacement, peak take-off force, and power The gymnasts were also assessed for sprinting, with and without vaulting, and standing broad jump performances. Video footage from the vault take-off was analysed using Video Expert II software to obtain the horizontal and vertical take-off velocities. Each gymnast's best vault starting score, three best floor tumbling skills, and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the effect of age (8-10 years, 11-12 years, 13-14 years) on the performance measures and linear regression analysis with performance start score for vault or best floor tumbling score as the outcome variable. The best regression model for indicating vaulting talent had, as predictor variables, resultant velocity at take-off from the board, squat jump power, and average power during the last five jumps in the continuous bent-leg jump series. The best regression model for indicating floor tumbling ability had, as predictor variables, age, vault running velocity, and reduced ground contact time in a handstand push-off. 相似文献
18.
Evan Coventry William A. Sands Sarah L. Smith 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):63-75
Gymnastics vaulting relies on a specialized take‐off board for propulsion during the take‐off phase of the vault. There is little information on the vault board and its behaviour. The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of the vault board during handspring drill take‐offs of young male gymnasts (n = 36). The side of the top surface of the vault board and the wooden base were marked with three reflective markers, placed at the end of the vault board nearest the vault table and the centres of the two rearmost coil springs. The vault board surface was divided into two areas, rear and middle, based on marker location. The gymnasts’ groups were determined from the location of the gymnast's lateral malleolus at vault board contact. Landings with the malleolus directly above or behind the rearmost marker were considered rear landings; landings with the malleolus forward of the rearmost marker were considered middle landings. Marker movements were automatically digitized and the right malleolus was hand digitized at 120 Hz. The maximum vertical displacement, vertical deflection time, and vertical velocity at take‐off of the vault board markers did not differ statistically between board contact groups (all p > 0.05). The lateral malleolus velocity components also did not differ between board contact groups. Some low to moderately strong correlations were observed between the various marker displacements, durations and take‐off velocities. Modest correlations were obtained between board markers and right malleolus velocities. The results indicate that foot contact on the vault board, as defined here, did not result in differences in board marker behaviour or right lateral malleolus velocities. This information does not support the idea that vault board contacts at the rear of the vault board are worse than contacts near the middle of the vault board. More research is needed to ascertain the role of the vault board's vibration characteristics to whole body actions that are observed in the subsequent preflight phase. 相似文献