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<正>教师是学校教育的组织者与实施者,合作是教师专业素养的重要内涵,教师需要通过丰富多彩的合作来发展自身。合作可以使教师认识到自己的优劣,激发自觉发展的动力;合作可以帮助教师解决个人无法解决的教育 相似文献
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通过我国“馆校结合”开展科学教育的试点工作,剖析试点工作的主要成果、存在问题及进展方向;通过欧美博物馆“馆校合作”的发展历程与合作现状,以及其他国家与台湾地区科技博物馆“馆校合作”的情况,探讨科普场馆与学校科学教育合作的发展趋势;借鉴国外的理念与经验,探索馆校合作进行科学教育的主攻方向,最后得出最易于实际应用且带来突破的点. 相似文献
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让体育课改远离“浮躁”的四点思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>思考一:合作与探究如何体现分析:有些教师在教学中为了倡导"合作、探究"的学习方式,往往会生搬硬套,不管教学什么内容,都叫学生去"合作、探究",造成了不少体育课几乎"放弃"了运动技能的学习。其实,任何教学与学习,都要创新与继承并重,而不是简单、刻板地转换—种教学方式。多元的学习内容需要多元的学习方式。不是所有的学习领域和学习主题都要用合作学习、探究学习的组织形式。 相似文献
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合作关系是艺术体操集体项目减少失误和得分的一个重要部分,文章采用文献资料、文献综述的方法。以规则为标准表明运动员合作的必要性,找出解决的方法:辨证看待竞争与合作;教练员的情感投入;培养运动员的合作意识;为我国艺术体操集体项目在2008北京奥运会夺冠提供参考。 相似文献
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“合作学习”教学模式在体育教学中的尝试 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文从合作学习的起源与发展、分类,以及使用合作学习教学模式的过程中应注意的问题等几个方面,阐述了在体育课堂教学中怎样开展"合作学习",希望能够给同行带来新的启示,使"合作学习"这种学习方式利用的更合理、更科学。 相似文献
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合作学习对大学生学习互动行为与技能掌握的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
喻伯海 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(6):118-119
采用文献法和问卷调查法,对278名大学生进行了调查。结果表明:大学生对合作学习反应较为积极,女生对学习伙伴存在较高的选择性;合作学习对于提高大学生的运动技能方面与常规教学接近;合作学习巧妙地协调了个体化的目标结构与合作的目标结构,更体现学习者的主体地位,可更好地促进学生的社会化过程。 相似文献
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本文从合作学习模式切入高校健美操课程的依据、实施方法与建议三方面进行分析。以课程改革、学生自我发展要求、健美操练习特点为研究基础,建立学生合作小组与培养学生合作技能,提出不同学习阶段的合作学习模式的表现形式要各异,并相应地建立多维评价方式。建议运用合作学习模式时,要注意单一教学模式运用合理有度;提倡合作,更要鼓励竞争;突出学生教学主体地位,更要摆正教师教学主导地位。 相似文献
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Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi Fernando Idoate David Álamo-Arce José A.L. Calbet Cecilia Dorado 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):791-797
The effects of exercise on the core musculature have not been investigated in prepubescents. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of rectus abdominis, obliques and transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, gluteus and paravertebralis muscles in prepubescent tennis players and in untrained boys. The muscle volume was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 7 male prepubescent tennis players and 10 untrained controls (mean age 11.0 ± 0.8 years, Tanner 1–2). After accounting for height and body weight as covariates, the tennis players had 14–34% greater volume than the controls in all the muscles analysed (P < 0.05) except in paravertebralis, dominant quadratus lumborum and non-dominant gluteus, which had similar volumes in both groups (P = NS). Compared to controls, the tennis players displayed a greater degree of asymmetry in quadratus lumborum and rectus abdominis (3% vs. 15%, P < 0.01 and 8% vs. 17%, P = 0.06, respectively). The level of asymmetry of obliques and transversus abdominis, iliopsoas, gluteus and paravertebralis muscles was similar in both groups (P = NS). In conclusion, tennis playing at prepubertal ages induces a selective hypertrophy of the core musculature and exaggerates the degree of asymmetry of quadratus lumborum and rectus abdominis compared to untrained boys. 相似文献
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Jean Slawinski Nicolas Houel Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure Kevin Lissajoux Valery Bocquet Nicolas Termoz 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(9):858-865
The aim of this study was to compare the kinetic and kinematic parameters of standing and crouch sprint starts. Parallel starts (PS), false starts (FS), jump starts (JS) and crouch starts (3PS) were compared. Eighteen participants performed each start on a force plate and six infrared cameras captured the three-dimensional coordinates of 36 retro-reflective markers. Performance during a five-metre sprint (T5m) was analysed. Duration of the start phase (Tstart), mean values of horizontal and total ground reaction forces (GRFs) (Fx_mean and Ftot_mean), ratio of force (RF), maximal power (Pmax) and kinetic energy (KE) of each limb were calculated. Significant differences were found for T5m, Tstart, KE, Pmax, Fx_mean, Ftot_mean and RF for the crouch start compared to the other starts (P ≤ 0.05). Significant correlations were found between T5m and Tstart (r = 0.59; P ≤ 0.001), and T5m and Pmax, Fx_mean and RF (?0.73 ≤ r ≤ ?0.61; P ≤ 0.001). To conclude, the crouch start resulted in the best performance because Tstart was shorter, producing greater Pmax, Fx_mean with a more forward orientation of the resultant force. Greater KE of the trunk in each start condition demonstrated the role of the trunk in generating forward translation of the centre of mass (CM). 相似文献
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AbstractAbstracts of European College of Sports Science conferences (1995–2014) are studied. The number of abstracts has been increasing regularly (+90 per year). This rise is in recent years largely due to extra-European countries. The magnitude and accumulation of the different topics of discussion are examined. An operational criterion determines four stages of evolution of a topic: social network, cluster, specialty, and discipline. The scientific production can, therefore, be classified as disciplinary or non-disciplinary. The disciplinary part is more important but has been less dynamic recently. The cognitive content of sport science is then explored through a multidimensional scaling of the topics based on the keywords used in the abstracts. Three areas are visible: social sciences and humanities, sports medicine and physiology, and biomechanics and neurophysiology. According to the field theory of Bourdieu (1975), three scientific habitus are distinguished. The logic of academic disciplinary excellence is the consequence of the autonomy of this scientific field, its closure, peer-review process, and barriers to entry. The distribution of scientific capital and professional capital is unequal across the three areas. Basically, conservation strategies of academic disciplinary excellence are predicted in biomechanics and neurophysiology, subversion strategies of interdisciplinarity based on professional concerns can appear in the sports medicine and physiology area, and critical strategies of interdisciplinarity based on social utility in social sciences and humanities. Moreover, additional tensions within these areas are depicted. Lastly methods based on co-citations of disciplines and boundary objects are proposed to find tangible patterns of multidisciplinarity confirming these strategies. 相似文献
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Juan Del Coso Cristina González Javier Abian-Vicen Juan José Salinero Martín Lidon Soriano Francisco Areces 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(18):1680-1687
AbstractTriathlon is a popular outdoor endurance sport performed under a variety of environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to assess physiological variables before and after a half-ironman triathlon in the heat and to analyse their relationship with performance. Thirty-four well-trained triathletes completed a half-ironman triathlon in a mean dry temperature of 29 ± 3ºC. Before and within 1 min after the end of the race, body mass, core temperature, maximal jump height and venous blood samples were obtained. Mean race time was 315 ± 40 min, with swimming (11 ± 1%), cycling (49 ± 2%) and running (40 ± 3%) representing different amounts of the total race time. At the end of the competition, body mass changed by ?3.8 ± 1.6% and the change in body mass correlated positively with race time (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). Core temperature increased from 37.5 ± 0.6ºC to 38.8 ± 0.7ºC (P < 0.001) and post-race core temperature correlated negatively with race time (r = ?0.47; P = 0.007). Race time correlated positively with the decrease in jump height (r = 0.38; P = 0.043), post-race serum creatine kinase (r = 0.55; P = 0.001) and myoglobin concentrations (r = 0.39; P = 0.022). In a half-ironman triathlon in the heat, greater reductions in body mass and higher post-competition core temperatures were present in faster triathletes. In contrast, slower triathletes presented higher levels of muscle damage and decreased muscle performance. 相似文献
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Shigetada Kudo Yoshihisa Sakurai Takahiro Miwa Yuji Matsuda 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(10):945-952
This study re-evaluated the magnitude of hand propulsion (HP) in the pull and push phases of the front crawl stroke and investigated the association between the angular velocity of shoulder roll (ωSR) and hand propulsive lift (HPL). ωSR was computed in the plane normal to a forward direction for 16 skilled swimmers performing the front crawl stroke at a maximal sprinting pace. HP, hand propulsive drag (HPD) and HPL were determined by a dynamic pressure approach. HP and HPD in the pull phase were greater than in the push phase (P < 0.05) while HPL in the pull phase was similar to that in the push phase. Eleven swimmers out of the 16 swimmers had a significant within-swimmers correlation between ωSR and HPL in the push phase (P < 0.05). That is, HPL increased in the push phase as the ωSR of rolling back to the neutral position became faster. A swimmer should use more drag for hand propulsion in the pull phase and propulsion from drag and lift equally in the push phase. Based on the relationship between ωSR and HPL in the push phase, a possible stroke technique to enhance HPL using ωSR is discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract We examined variations in dart-throwing performance during the daytime in 12 participants. Two distances from the dartboard were investigated – the normal distance (short throws) and another 50% further away than this (long throws). Intra-aural temperature and subjective fatigue were measured, and errors in performance were assessed as the radial distances of throws from the bulls-eye and the standard deviation of these distances. Long-distance throws improved significantly throughout the daytime and correlated positively with intra-aural temperature (r = ?0.49, P = 0.002 and r = ?0.49, P = 0.002 for errors and standard deviation of errors, respectively), but not with subjective fatigue (r = ?0.10, P = 0.56 and r = ?0.05, P = 0.74 for errors and standard deviation of errors, respectively). Short-distance throws were associated less with intra-aural temperature (r = ?0.46, P = 0.005 and r = ?0.17, P = 0.31 for errors and standard deviation of errors, respectively), and worsened with fatigue (r = +0.34, P = 0.040 for errors). Compared with the short-distance throws, the long-distance throws were performed significantly less well than could be accounted for by the increased distance (mean errors were increased 1.67 – 2.78 times and standard deviation of errors of errors 1.58 – 3.68 times), supporting the concept of a trade-off between force of contraction and accuracy of performance. Throwing darts can be used as a model for investigating factors that influence motor performance, and our results indicate that the effects of time of day upon performance depend upon the relative importance of force and accuracy. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):255-261
Abstract The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of culture, individual differences (i.e. trait emotional intelligence), and given situations on coping behaviours. The trait emotional intelligence of table tennis players (French, n=58; Chinese, n=53) was evaluated using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, while their use of coping strategies [task-oriented coping (TOC) and disengagement-oriented coping (DOC)] was assessed according to three stressful situations. There was a main effect of culture (η2 p = 0.28, P<0.001 for TOC and η2 p = 0.25, P<0.001 for DOC), trait emotional intelligence (η2 p = 0.05, P<0.001 for TOC and η2 p = 0.04, P<0.001 for DOC), and situation (η2 p = 0.06, P<0.001 for DOC) on coping. From a theoretical and applied point of view, our results indicate the need to take account of these three to understand and provide appropriate support for coping. 相似文献
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Amador García-Ramos Igor Stirn Vojko Strojnik Paulino Padial Blanca De la Fuente Javier Argüelles-Cienfuegos 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(3):329-341
This study aimed to correlate, compare, and determine the reliability of force, velocity, and power values collected with a force plate (FP) and a linear transducer during loaded jumps. Twenty-three swimmers performed an incremental loading test at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their own body weight on a FP. A linear velocity transducer (LVT) was attached to the bar to assess the peak and the mean values of force, velocity, and power. Both the peak variables (r = 0.94 – 0.99 for peak force, r = 0.83 – 0.91 for peak velocity, and r = 0.90–0.94 for peak power; p < 0.001) and the mean variables (r = 0.96–0.99 for mean force, r = 0.87–0.89 for mean velocity, and r = 0.93–0.96 for mean power; p < 0.001) were strongly correlated between both measurement tools. Differences in the shape of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves were observed. The LVT data showed a steeper increase in these variables at the beginning of the movement, while the FP recorded larger values in the latter part. Peak values were more reliable than mean values. These results suggest that the LVT is a valid tool for the assessment of loaded squat jump. 相似文献
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Jamie Kift 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1599-1606
Abstract In this study, we examine the effect of exercise on the time and flow characteristics of the respiratory cycle profile at the point of volitional exercise termination. Eight males (mean age 29 years, s = 10; body mass 74 kg, s = 7; height 1.75 m, s = 0.04) undertook a cycle test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, which allowed peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2peak) to be measured (mean 51 ml · kg?1 · min?1, s = 7). At a later date, two sub-maximal tests to volitional exhaustion were completed in a random order at 76% (s = 6) and 86%[Vdot]O2peak (s = 7). As expected, the magnitude of the respiratory flow and time characteristics varied with the three exercise intensities, as did the point of exercise termination and terminal ventilation rates, which varied from 7 to 27 min and 112 to 132 litres · min?1 respectively. More importantly, however, at exercise termination some of the characteristics were similar, particularly the breathing frequency (at termination 49 breaths · min?1), the ratio between inspiration and total breath time (0.5), and the later occurrence of peak inspiratory flow (0.24 – 0.48 s). The coincident unity of these time and flow profile characteristics at exercise termination illustrates how the integration of timing and flow during breathing influence exercise capacity in non-elite athletes. 相似文献