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1.
目的：研究大运动量训练对自由式摔跤运动员β-内啡肽、RPE及焦虑的影响，为运动员训练监控提供参考依据。方法：8名男性自由式摔跤运动员，每周安排11次大运动量训练，共进行2次实验，训练开始时取静脉血，训练6周后再取一次，每次3个取样点（运动前、运动后即刻和次日晨），分别测定β-内啡肽、RPE及焦虑水平。结果：训练后的运动前、运动后即刻和运动后次日晨β-内啡肽均显著高于训练前对应3个时间点；训练开始时运动后即刻显著高于运动前和运动后次日晨；6周训练后，运动后即刻和运动后次日晨显著高于运动前。6周训练后RPE在运动后即刻和运动后次日晨均显著高于开始训练时对应时间点；训练开始和6周训练后，运动后即刻均显著高于运动前和运动后次日晨。焦虑水平在各时间点间均无显著性差异。结论：要想采用简单易行的外在指标反映机体内复杂的生理变化还任重道远。  相似文献   

2.
目的:通过生理生化监控评价中国跤运动员高强度专项体能训练的效果,了解运动员对高强度专项体能训练负荷的承受及恢复情况,加深对中国跤运动员体能问题的认识.方法:对16名优秀中国跤运动员进行为期两周的高强度专项体能训练,分别在一次高强度专项体能训练前周一晨起安静、运动后即刻、次日晨、一周高强度专项体能训练后晨、两周高强度专项体能训练后晨测试血BU、CK、T、C、Hb和RPE等指标.结果表明:1)一次高强度专项体能训练后各生理生化指标运动后即刻变化明显,次日晨基本恢复,运动员机能状态良好,恢复快,没有出现疲劳.2)一周高强度专项体能训练后各生理生化指标变化不显著,运动员产生训练适应,具有良好竞技状态.3)两周高强度专项体能训练后各生理生化指标变化显著,运动员机能下降,出现过度训练,提示连续高强度专项体能训练后应及时采取调整和恢复措施,避免疲劳累积.  相似文献   

3.
一次性大运动量训练对散手运动员生化指标的监控研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
目的：研究散手运动员在大运动量训练期间的科学性和合理性。方法：采用血尿素、肌酸激酶、血睾酮、皮质醇、血睾酮／皮质醇等生化指标．监控散手运动员的运动训练水平。结果：在一次性大运动量训练后，运动后即刻CK值、BU值、T值和C值都有较大幅度升高．与集训前安静时相比具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；Hb小于安静时值，但无显著差异；次日晨CK值和BU值与安静时相比虽然均高于安静值，但无统计学意义；次日晨CK值、BU值、T值和C值仍高于集训前安静时值，但比较无显著差异（P〈0．05）；次日晨恢复值与运动后即刻相比CK、T值、C值有显著性下降（P〈0．05）．次日晨的BU值比运动后即刻有所下降，但无统计学意义。结论：采用生物化学手段能客观、准确地评定运动负荷和身体机能的变化．为教练员及时调整运动训练．避免运动损伤，尽早诊断运动疲劳，保证训练的系统性和科学性提供实验依据。  相似文献   

4.
目的：通过生化监控评价女子羽毛球运动员大强度专项体能训练的效果,了解运动员对大强度专项体能训练负荷的承受及恢复情况,加深对女子羽毛球运动员体能问题的认识。方法：对12名辽宁省女子羽毛球运动员进行一天大强度专项体能训练,分别在一次大强度专项体能训练前周一晨起安静、运动后即刻、次日晨测试血红蛋白、血睾酮、血尿素、肌酸激酶指标。结果：各生化指标在运动后即刻变化明显,次日晨有明显恢复,运动员机能状态良好,恢复较快,没有出现疲劳。  相似文献   

5.
目的通过观察摄入糖加蛋白质运动饮料对男运动员一次抗阻运动后血液雄激素应答的变化,探讨糖加蛋白质补充对急性抗阻运动恢复过程的影响。方法 18名男子力量项目运动员在一次抗阻运动前、运动中和运动后,分别摄入糖加高蛋白饮料(HP组=6人,糖∶蛋白质=3∶1)、糖加低蛋白饮料(LP组=6人,糖∶蛋白质=6∶1)或纯糖对照饮料(C组=6人)。在运动前、运动后即刻、运动后3 h和运动后次日晨采集血样,测定血清总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐(DHEAs)和性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)。结果相同时间点各组的TT水平均无明显差异。C组运动后即刻、运动后3 h和运动后次日晨的FT水平均明显高于相同时间点的HP组和LP组的FT水平(P<0.01,分别);LP组运动后即刻的FT水平明显高于HP组的FT水平(P<0.05)。C组运动后即刻的DHEAs水平明显低于HP组的DHEAs水平(P<0.05),次日晨的DHEAs水平明显低于HP组和LP组的DHEAs水平(P<0.05,分别)。C组次日晨的SHBG水平明显低于HP组和LP组的SHBG水平(P<0.05,分别)。结论摄入糖加蛋白质比例为3∶1和6∶1运动饮料能促进男性力量项目运动员抗阻运动后机体组织同化作用,能促进机体运动能力的恢复和提高。摄入糖加蛋白质比例为3∶1的运动饮料更有利于运动后疲劳的恢复和机体运动能力的提高。  相似文献   

6.
中长跑专项男运动员40人参加了本项研究。中跑-800m最大速度跑。长跑-5×1000m最大速度跑(间隔10min)。上述运动负荷强度测试前至完成后按规定时间分别采血各20ul,即刻测定血尿素和血乳酸含量。从结果看运动员完成相应负荷运动后即刻至次日晨,血尿素及血乳酸水平均显著高于运动前安静值(P<0.01),表现出与运动强度和负荷量的高度相关性和个体差异。中长跑专项运动员运动后血尿素及血乳酸峰值的出现时间至次日恢复情况各具特点,具有一定的项目特征。5×1000m间隔跑血尿素为最大值。次日晨均值高于安静值。800m跑血乳酸值为最高值,次日晨均值接近安静值。根据测定结果,血尿素与血乳酸指标的联合应用,能较准确地指导运动负荷和强度的安排,了解运动员的机能状态、疲劳程度及日后恢复情况,从而科学地指导训练。  相似文献   

7.
对男子自由式摔跤运动员大强度训练课前、训练后即刻及训练后次日晨的血红蛋白、血睾酮、血清肌酸激酶和血尿素指标进行监测分析,结果显示：血红蛋白和血睾酮在训练后即刻明显下降,训练后次日晨又明显恢复,但仍未恢复到安静水平;血清肌酸激酶和血尿素在训练后即刻明显升高,训练后次日晨又明显下降,但仍未下降到安静水平。提示训练内容比较合理,训练后队员机体产生了一定程度疲劳,训练后次日晨疲劳明显恢复,队员能够适应当前训练负荷强度。  相似文献   

8.
以8名浙江省女子皮艇运动员为研究对象，其中4名运动员参加1周两次核心力量训练，另外4名运动员不参加核心力量训练。对其进行核心力量训练后即刻、次日晨、周日晨和第一周周日清晨安静时的CK和BU进行测试。研究表明，与第一周进行核心力量训练相比第四周训练后即刻运动员的CK值显著下降，次日晨CK也较大幅度地下降，周日晨CK恢复到第一周清晨安静值的水平；而BUN却并没有显著性的变化。在针对性间歇训练中测试血乳酸，结果表明在第四周训练后血乳酸堆积有显著的上升。  相似文献   

9.
本文测试了10名女子公路自行车运动员经过三周大运动量训练前后血液中血红蛋白,血尿素氮,血睾酮和铁蛋白的变化。结果表明:经过三周大运动量训练血红蛋白明显低于训练前(P<0.05),晨血尿素氮明显高于训练前(P<0.05),血睾酮变化不明显(P>0.05),血清铁蛋白明显低于训练前。经过一周恢复性训练后,各项指标均恢复训练前水平,其中血睾酮明显高于训练前。以上结果表明应用这些生化指标指导、安排训练是切实可行的。  相似文献   

10.
大强度训练后拳击运动员血清CK异常升高恢复手段的探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在对内蒙古拳击队进行的一次大强度训练课后次日晨常规机能监测时,对12名血清CK异常升高的拳击运动员采取了适当减少运动量,同时补充保护细胞膜和抗氧化类营养补剂的措施,并对大强度训练后第3日、第7日晨各项生化指标进行跟踪测试。结果表明:对血清CK异常升高的运动员采取适当减少运动量,同时补充保护细胞膜和抗氧化类营养补剂的措施,可使运动员在不间断训练的情况下,在短时间得以基本恢复。  相似文献   

11.
The impact of perceived wellness on a range of external load parameters, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and external load:RPE ratios, was explored during skill-based training in Australian footballers. Fifteen training sessions involving 36 participants were analysed. Each morning before any physical training, players completed a customised perceived wellness questionnaire (sleep quality, fatigue, stress, mood and muscle soreness). Microtechnology devices provided external load (average speed, high-speed running distance, player load and player load slow). Players provided RPE using the modified Borg category-ratio 10 RPE scale. Mixed-effect linear models revealed significant effects of wellness Z-score on player load and player load slow. Effects are reported with 95% confidence limits. A wellness Z-score of ?1 corresponded to a ?4.9 ± 3.1 and ?8.6 ± 3.9% reduction in player load and player load slow, respectively, compared to those without reduced wellness. Small significant effects were also seen in the average speed:RPE and player load slow:RPE models. A wellness Z-score of ?1 corresponded to a 0.43 ± 0.38 m·min?1 and ?0.02 ± 0.01 au·min?1 change in the average speed:RPE and player load slow:RPE ratios, respectively. Magnitude-based analysis revealed that the practical size of the effect of a pre-training perceived wellness Z-score of ?1 would have on player load slow was likely negative. The results of this study suggests that monitoring pre-training perceived wellness may provide coaches with information about the intensity of output that can be expected from individual players during a training session.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

This study examined changes in enjoyment, affective valence, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in obese women performing two regimes of high intensity interval training (HIIT) differing in structure and volume. Nineteen obese and inactive women (age and body mass index?=?37.5?±?10.5?yr and 39.0?±?4.3?kg/m2) were randomized to 6?wk of traditional (TRAD, n?=?10) or periodized interval training (PER, n?=?9) which was performed on a cycle ergometer during which structure changed weekly. Two supervised sessions per week were performed in a lab, and one session per week was performed unsupervised. During every lab-based session, perceptual responses including enjoyment, affective valence, and RPE were acquired. Data showed a groupXtraining interaction for enjoyment (p?=?0.02) which was lower by 10–25 units during PER versus TRAD. In addition, there was a groupXtimeXtraining interaction for RPE (p?=?0.01). RPE did not change in response to TRAD yet varied during PER, with lower RPE values exhibited during brief supramaximal bouts (6.3?±?0.9) compared to longer intervals (7.3?±?1.2). Both regimes showed reductions in affective valence during training, with the lowest values equal to 1.5?±?1.6 in TRAD and ?0.2?±?1.6 in PER. Compared to TRAD, more aversive responses were shown in PER throughout training by 0.4–2.0 units. Data show lower enjoyment and more aversive responses to higher-volume bouts of interval training, which suggests that shorter bouts may be perceived more favourably by obese women.  相似文献   

13.
目的观察不同强度乒乓球训练对男性大学生机体免疫力的影响.方法男性大学生乒乓球学员随机分为低强度训练组和中等强度训练组,检测首次训练前后和4周训练过程中外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和IL-6水平.结果首次训练后和训练4周后两组CD4 T细胞比例和CD4/CD8比值较对照组和训练前水平均显著增加(P＜0.01).首次训练后两组的IL-6水平明显高于对照组和训练前水平(P＜0.01),而在持续训练4周后各组间IL-6水平均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论低、中强度的乒乓球训练可以提高男性大学生机体免疫力.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

This study examined salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to two, different high-intensity, ～30-min cycles separated by 2 h rest before and after an 11-day intensified training period. Twelve recreationally active, healthy males completed the study. Saliva samples were collected before, immediately after and 30 min after both bouts with salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations assessed. Compared with pre-training blunted exercise-induced salivary cortisol, testosterone and cortisol/testosterone responses to both bouts post-training were observed (P < 0.05 for all). Comparing pre- with post-training the absolute exercise-induced salivary cortisol, testosterone and cortisol/testosterone decreased from 11.1 to 3.1 and 7.0 to 4.4 nmol · L?1 (cortisol), from 407 to 258 and from 473 to 274 pmol · L?1 (testosterone) and from 12 to 4 and 7 to 5 (cortisol/testosterone) for the first and second bouts, respectively (P < 0.05). No differences in the pre- and post-training rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) responses during the cycles or times to fatigue were found (P > 0.05). Fatigue and Burnout scores were higher post- compared with pre-training (P < 0.05).

These high-intensity exercise bouts can detect altered hormonal responses following intensified training. This test could assess an athlete's current hormonal status, reductions in salivary cortisol and testosterone responses suggestive of increased fatigue.  相似文献   

15.
Repeated physical contact in rugby union is thought to contribute to post-match fatigue; however, no evidence exists on the effect of contact activity during field-based training on fatigue responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of contact during training on fatigue markers in rugby union players. Twenty academy rugby union players participated in the cross-over study. The magnitude of change in upper- and lower-body neuromuscular function (NMF), whole blood creatine kinase concentration [CK] and perception of well-being was assessed pre-training (baseline), immediately and 24?h post-training following contact and non-contact, field-based training. Training load was measured using mean heart rate, session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and microtechnology (Catapult Optimeye S5). The inclusion of contact during field-based training almost certainly increased mean heart rate (9.7; ±3.9%) and sRPE (42; ±29.2%) and resulted in likely and very likely greater decreases in upper-body NMF (?7.3; ±4.7% versus 2.7; ±5.9%) and perception of well-being (?8.0; ±4.8% versus ?3.4; ±2.2%) 24?h post-training, respectively, and almost certainly greater elevations in [CK] (88.2; ±40.7% versus 3.7; ±8%). The exclusion of contact from field-based training almost certainly increased running intensity (19.8; ±5%) and distance (27.5; ±5.3%), resulting in possibly greater decreases in lower-body NMF (?5.6; ±5.2% versus 2.3; ±2.4%). Practitioners should be aware of the different demands and fatigue responses of contact and non-contact, field-based training and can use this information to appropriately schedule such training in the weekly microcycle.  相似文献   

16.
There is limited research studying fluid and electrolyte balance in rugby union players, and a paucity of information regarding the test–retest reliability. This study describes the fluid balance of elite rugby union players across multiple squads and the reliability of fluid balance measures between two equivalent training sessions. Sixty-one elite rugby players completed a single fluid balance testing session during a game simulation training session. A subsample of 21 players completed a second fluid balance testing session during an equivalent training session. Players were weighed in minimal clothing before and after each training session. Each player was provided with their own drinks which were weighed before and after each training session. More players gained body weight (9 (14.8%)) during training than lost greater than 2% of their initial body mass (1 (1.6%)). Pre-training body mass and rate of fluid loss were significantly associated (r?=?0.318, p?=?.013). There was a significant correlation between rate of fluid loss in sessions 1 (1.74?±?0.32?L?h?1) and 2 (1.10?±?0.31?L.?h?1), (r?=?0.470, p?=?.032). This could be useful for nutritionists working with rugby squads to identify players with high sweat losses.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate if resistance training (RT), performed with individualized recovery between sessions (RT-IND), promotes greater gains in strength and muscle mass and reduces the variability on adaptations compared to RT with fixed recovery intervals (RT-FIX). Twenty young men (age 21.9?±?3.3 years) were randomized in the RT-IND and RT-FIX groups. Five days before the beginning of the training, measurements of the root mean square of successive R-R intervals differences (RMSSD) values of each individual were performed to establish the baseline values. Before each RT session, the RMSSD values determined whether the participants from RT-IND protocol were recovered from the previous session. Participants performed the RT session only if RMSSD values had returned to the baseline, otherwise they had to wait for an additional 24?h. RT-FIX performed an RT session every 48?h. Muscle strength was measured by one-maximal repetition (1-RM) test and muscle cross-section area (CSA) of the vastus laterals by ultrasonography were assessed pre- and post-training. 1-RM values increased significantly from pre to post-training for both groups (RT-IND: 30% and RT-FIX: 42%, main time effect, P?<?0001), with no significant difference between groups. Muscle CSA increased significantly from pre to post-training (RT-IND: 15.7% and RT-FIX: 15.8%, main time effect, P?<?0001), with no significant difference between groups. In conclusion, RT-IND did not increase the gains in muscle strength and mass neither reduce the variability in muscle adaptations when compared to the RT-FIX.  相似文献   

18.
The aim of the present study was to analyse the training load in wheelchair basketball small-sided games and determine the relationship between heart rate (HR)-based training load and perceived exertion (RPE)-based training load methods among small-sided games bouts. HR-based measurements of training load included Edwards’ training load and Stagno’s training impulses (TRIMPMOD) while RPE-based training load measurements included cardiopulmonary (session RPEres) and muscular (session RPEmus) values. Data were collected from 12 wheelchair basketball players during five consecutive weeks. The total load for the small-sided games sessions was 67.5 ± 6.7 and 55.3 ± 12.5 AU in HR-based training load (Edwards’ training load and TRIMPMOD), while the RPE-based training loads were 99.3 ± 26.9 (session RPEres) and 100.8 ± 31.2 AU (session RPEmus). Bout-to-bout analysis identified greater session RPEmus in the third [P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.66, moderate] and fourth bouts (P < 0.05; ES = 0.64, moderate) than in the first bout, but other measures did not differ. Mean correlations indicated a trivial and small relationship among HR-based and RPE-based training loads. It is suggested that HR-based and RPE-based training loads provide different information, but these two methods could be complementary because one method could help us to understand the limitations of the other.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to quantify the physiological loads of programmed "pre-season" and "in-season" training in professional soccer players. Data for players during each period were included for analysis (pre-season, n = 12; in-season, n = 10). We monitored physiological loading of training by measuring heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Training loads were calculated by multiplying RPE score by the duration of training sessions. Each session was sub-categorized as physical, technical/tactical, physical and technical/tactical training. Average physiological loads in pre-season (heart rate 124 ± 7 beats · min(-1); training load 4343 ± 329 Borg scale · min) were higher compared with in-season (heart rate 112 ± 7 beats · min(-1); training load 1703 ± 173 Borg scale · min) (P < 0.05) and there was a greater proportion of time spent in 80-100% maximum heart rate zones (18 ± 2 vs. 5 ± 2%; P < 0.05). Such differences appear attributable to the higher intensities in technical/tactical sessions during pre-season (pre-season: heart rate 137 ± 8 beats · min(-1); training load 321 ± 23 Borg scale · min; in-season: heart rate 114 ± 9 beats · min(-1); training load 174 ± 27 Borg scale · min; P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that pre-season training is more intense than in-season training. Such data indicate that these adjustments in load are a direct attempt to deliver training to promote specific training adaptations.  相似文献   

20.
The menstrual cycle (MC) phases carry to several psychophysiological alterations; however, no study has investigated the impact of MC phases on training load or technical training. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the follicular phase (FP), ovulatory phase (OP), and luteal phase (LP) on training load and technical training in young athletes. Twelve female athletes performed regular daily training sessions with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and duration being registered every session. Training impulse (TRIMP), monotony and strain were calculated. MC symptoms, RPE, and duration were also measured during technical training, which was carried out on a specific day during each phase. The TRIMP was not affected by MC phases during regular training (p > .05), but training monotony and strain were higher in FP compared to OP (p < .05). During the technical training, MC phases did not affect RPE (p > .05), but the session was longer in both FP and LP, compared to OP (p < .05). MC symptoms were exacerbated in FP compared to both OP and LP (p < .05). These findings suggest that MC disorders were elevated during FP, which indicate that monitoring MC phases might provide important feedbacks for programming training and expected results during competitions.  相似文献   

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