共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Young elite athletes (EA) have to solve the same developmental tasks (DTs) as non-athletes, even though they spend a lot of time with their sports and have to solve certain sports-related DTs in addition [Ohlert & Kleinert (2014). Entwicklungsaufgaben jugendlicher Elite-Handballerinnen und –Handballer [Developmental tasks in adolescent elite handball players]. Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie, 21(4), 161–172. doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000129]. The aim of this study was to find out if this situation leads to a shortfall in certain DTs and, furthermore, to a reduced well-being in adolescent EA. In total, 185 EA participated in the survey together with 166 recreational/non-athletes (RA). Participants were between 16 and 19 years old (69% female) and answered questions regarding the relevance of different DTs, their actual progression, satisfaction with their actual progression, and the WHO-5 measure for well-being. Compared to the RA group, the EA group reported a different relevance for some DTs. No significant differences were found between the two groups in progression or satisfaction with progression. The stepwise multiple regression resulted in two significant predictors for well-being in EA: satisfaction with progression in the DTs “to find oneself” and “circle of friends”. For RA, the analysis revealed only satisfaction with progression in “circle of friends” as a significant predictor. Implications are that, at least for this age group, problems with DTs were not detected for the adolescent EA. However, if satisfaction with the own progression in certain DTs is low, well-being will also be reduced. 相似文献
2.
《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):50-69
Emotions have firmly established their place in sport psychology research over the past 40 years. For many decades following World War II, mainstream psychology researchers placed negative emotions (e.g., anxiety) ahead of positive emotions (e.g., happiness) but positive emotions are now a genuine, promising field of research because of their influence on specific components of performance (e.g., attention) and psychological well-being. The benefits of these emotions have hitherto not been wholly realized in a sport context, especially in their capacity to generate greater self-efficacy, motivation, attention, problem-solving, and coping with adversity. Although the sport emotion literature is sprinkled with studies that specifically examined positive emotion in sport settings, the breadth and depth of this research is too thin to make bold claims about the value of positive emotions in the emotion-performance relation. There are, however, at least three theoretical models available to sport psychologists to better understand the influence of positive emotions on sport performance and two of these models are specifically designed for sport contexts. Not only can these models deepen and widen this knowledge base, but they can also support interventions in applied settings to improve performance and psychological well-being. 相似文献
3.
目的：本研究通过监测雪车运动员完整睡眠过程、睡前自主神经状态和心境状态(POMS),探究雪车运动员冬训备赛期间,睡前自主神经和POMS对睡眠质量的具体影响,为解决雪车运动员睡眠问题提供合理的方案。方法：研究对象为8名国际级健将雪车运动员。使用空气垫式睡眠监测仪监测睡眠完整过程,Polar心率胸带和Ignite手表监测睡前自主神经,POMS量表评价心境状态。对睡眠状态、自主神经和POMS使用Spearman相关分析和概要T检验进行分析。结果：雪车运动员睡眠质量与正常成年人相比,睡眠潜伏期偏长,浅睡眠占比过多,深睡眠占比过少,睡前交感神经占主导作用,消极情绪较多。经相关分析发现,总睡眠时长与疲劳值呈高度正相关;浅睡眠占比与副交感神经指数、RR间期(2个QRS波中R波之间的时间)连续差值的均方根、精力值呈高度负相关,与交感神经指数和平均心率呈高度正相关;觉醒期占比与低频功率(LF)呈高度正相关,与慌乱值呈高度负相关;睡眠潜伏期与高频功率(HF)呈极高度负相关,与LF/HF呈高度正相关。结论：雪车运动员冬训备赛期间的睡眠质量存在睡眠潜伏期长、浅睡眠占比过多、深睡眠占比过少的问题,可能与睡前交感神经占主导作用及消极情绪较多有一定关系。建议雪车运动员调整睡前自主神经状态,同时进行心理训练和心理疏导,以此提高睡眠质量,促进身体机能恢复。 相似文献
4.
王赞 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(4):70-72,75
运用文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、心理测量、数理统计等研究方法,对参加2004年全国蹦床锦标赛的51名女子运动员的感知觉能力与竞技水平关系进行了研究和分析。研究结果表明:国际健将和健将两级别运动员的感知觉能力基本处于同一个水平,这与他们处于相近的技术水平有关;高水平和较高水平运动员在平衡觉、用力准确性、简单反应时和时空判断值等指标上普遍好于较低和低水平运动员,这说明部分感知觉能力与运动员的竞技水平有着相互促进的关系;选择反应时的测试结果与运动员的竞技水平没有表现出一致性,反映出低水平运动员心理的不成熟与不稳定,这是影响运动员技术水平的因素之一。建议教练员在运动员不同的训练阶段,有针对性地进行心理和技术练习,以更好地把握训练方向。 相似文献
5.
主观幸福感一直以来是学术界和社会所关注的热点话题,也是人们生活质量水平的重要体现。研究旨在探析体育参与对主观幸福感的影响关系,以及社会交往、身体健康状况、阶层认同和社会经济地位在其影响关系中的中介效果与调节效果。结果显示:参与体育锻炼的程度越高,获得的主观幸福感越强;社会交往和身体健康状况在参与体育锻炼对主观幸福感的影响关系中起部分中介作用,阶层认同和社会经济地位调节参与体育锻炼对主观幸福感的影响关系。同时,观看体育比赛的程度越高,获得的主观幸福感越强;社会交往和身体健康状况在观看体育比赛对主观幸福感的影响关系中起部分中介作用,阶层认同和社会经济地位调节观看体育比赛对主观幸福感的影响关系。研究揭示了体育参与、社会学因素对主观幸福感的影响,为促进全民健身和增强人们的主观幸福感提供理论支撑。 相似文献
6.
In this study, we assessed the longitudinal effects of social-cognitive mechanisms on the self-reported use of doping substances and supplements among Italian high school students. In total, 1232 students completed questionnaires measuring various psychological factors hypothesized to influence students' intention to use substances. Three months later, 762 of the students completed the same questionnaires a second time and also reported their use of substances during the time between assessments. Overall, the percentages of students using doping substances (2.1%) or supplements (14.4%) were consistent with values reported in the literature. Analysis of the data showed that adolescents' intention to use doping substances increased with stronger attitudes about doping, stronger beliefs that significant others would approve of their use, a stronger conviction that doping use can be justified, and a lowered capacity to resist situational pressure or personal desires. In turn, stronger intentions and moral disengagement contributed to a greater use of doping substances during the previous 3 months. Doping use was also correlated significantly to supplementation. In conclusion, our results provide novel information about some of the psychological processes possibly regulating adolescents' use of doping substances and supplements. The results also highlight possible areas for future study and intervention, focusing on the prevention of adolescents' substance use. 相似文献
7.
An De Meester Jolien Maes David Stodden Greet Cardon Jacqueline Goodway Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2027-2037
The present study identified adolescents’ motor competence (MC)-based profiles (e.g., high actual and low perceived MC), and accordingly investigated differences in motivation for physical education (PE), physical activity (PA) levels, and sports participation between profiles by using regression analyses. Actual MC was measured with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Adolescents (n = 215; 66.0% boys; mean age = 13.64 ± .58 years) completed validated questionnaires to assess perceived MC, motivation for PE, PA-levels, and sports participation. Actual and perceived MC were only moderately correlated and cluster analyses identified four groups. Two groups of overestimators (low – overestimation, average – overestimation) were identified (51%), who particularly displayed better motivation for PE when compared to their peers who accurately estimated themselves (low – accurate, average – accurate). Moreover, adolescents with low actual MC, but high perceived MC were significantly more active than adolescents with low actual MC who accurately estimated themselves. Results pointed in the same direction for organised sports participation. Underestimators were not found in the current sample, which is positive as underestimation might negatively influence adolescents’ motivation to achieve and persist in PA and sports. In conclusion, results emphasise that developing perceived MC, especially among adolescents with low levels of actual MC, seems crucial to stimulate motivation for PE, and engagement in PA and sports. 相似文献
8.
Although recommended in most treatment guidelines for child/adolescent rehabilitation, there is a lack of standards regarding the amount of exercise therapy that children and adolescents should receive during rehabilitation to ensure effective treatment. First, existing treatment guidelines were examined with regard to data on the frequency, duration, content, and modes of procedure of exercise therapy in the treatment of children and adolescents with asthma, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, the actual implementation of exercise therapy in child/adolescent rehabilitative care was analyzed by using standardized data on the classification of therapeutic measures of the years 2007/2008 and comparing different rehabilitation centers. In the context of a nationwide survey, experts and clinicians were asked to describe and define how exercise therapy can be adopted in rehabilitative practice. On this basis, an expert workshop was conducted during which a pilot version of treatment guidelines for child/adolescent rehabilitation was developed and compared with actual medical care practice. Obese children/adolescents receive the highest amount of exercise therapy (4.7 h/week). However, children suffering from atopic dermatitis engage just as long in therapeutic exercises (1.9 h/week) as do children with asthma (1.9 h/week). Exercise therapy modules vary significantly between rehabilitation centers in terms of average frequency and duration. When comparing treatment guidelines and actual medical practice, it becomes apparent that only children up to the age of 7 with atopic dermatitis or asthma are provided to some degree adequately with exercise therapeutic treatment, whereas children aged 8 or older with asthma and/or obesity receive too little exercise therapy. Potential reasons for large variations between rehabilitation centers regarding the use of exercise therapy as well as possible factors that influence discrepancies between actual rehabilitative care practice and therapeutic guidelines are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Fabio Lucidi Arnaldo Zelli Luca Mallia Caterina Grano Paolo M. Russo Cristiano Violani 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):447-456
Abstract In this study, we assessed the longitudinal effects of social-cognitive mechanisms on the self-reported use of doping substances and supplements among Italian high school students. In total, 1232 students completed questionnaires measuring various psychological factors hypothesized to influence students' intention to use substances. Three months later, 762 of the students completed the same questionnaires a second time and also reported their use of substances during the time between assessments. Overall, the percentages of students using doping substances (2.1%) or supplements (14.4%) were consistent with values reported in the literature. Analysis of the data showed that adolescents' intention to use doping substances increased with stronger attitudes about doping, stronger beliefs that significant others would approve of their use, a stronger conviction that doping use can be justified, and a lowered capacity to resist situational pressure or personal desires. In turn, stronger intentions and moral disengagement contributed to a greater use of doping substances during the previous 3 months. Doping use was also correlated significantly to supplementation. In conclusion, our results provide novel information about some of the psychological processes possibly regulating adolescents' use of doping substances and supplements. The results also highlight possible areas for future study and intervention, focusing on the prevention of adolescents' substance use. 相似文献
10.
《Sport Management Review》2015,18(2):182-192
Social networking sites (SNS) are often shown to be influential in developing activity engagement as well as psychological well-being, but empirical evidence is scarce as to their effectiveness in a sport context. The current study examined the potential for SNS use to mediate the effects of physical activity involvement on (1) the level of regular exercise behavior, and (2) social life satisfaction. Results of an online survey (n = 3476) indicated that the influence of running involvement on both running behavior and social life satisfaction are partially mediated by use of running-related SNS. This general finding is reflective of the effects of social media in a specific sport context. Thus, this study demonstrates the theoretical potential for running-related social media to serve as an engagement platform that can augment the influence of involvement on the physical and mental benefits of participation in running. 相似文献
11.
Javier Horcajo David Santos Joshua J. Guyer Lorena Moreno 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2835-2843
ABSTRACTResearch has shown that athletes’ attitudes towards the use of banned performance-enhancing substances are reliable predictors of their intentions to use these substances, which in turn can be relevant predictors of their actual doping behaviours. Despite the important role played by attitudes and intentions in doping, research analysing how to change those attitudes and intentions is relatively scarce. The present study examined how individual differences in Need for Cognition (NC, Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) influenced doping-related attitude change and subsequent behavioural intentions. Participants were randomly assigned to read a persuasive message either against or in favour of legalising the use of several banned substances, including anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and Erythropoietin (EPO). In addition, participants completed the NC scale, and finally reported their attitudes and behavioural intentions regarding the legalisation proposal. As hypothesised, results showed that participants who received an anti-legalisation message had significantly more unfavourable attitudes towards the proposal than participants who received a pro-legalisation message, regardless of NC. However, as predicted, NC moderated the relationship between individuals’ attitudes and their intentions. That is, high-NC participants showed greater attitude-intention correspondence than low-NC participants. 相似文献
12.
文章通过文献资料法、调查法对目前公安院校开设搏击类课程的意义、现状及存在的问题进行了分析,认为:公安院校开设搏击类课程的意义远远超过运动技能的掌握,以技术为主的传授模式未能与公安工作性质自然有机地结合起来,影响了其在公安院校的长远发展,在今后的发展过程中需要进一步的整合。 相似文献
13.
目的：探讨体育高考考前心境水平对高考成绩的影响。方法：选择素质项目（800米）得分和球类项目（篮球）得分作为考试成绩,考试得分为现场计时成绩转换成15分制成绩（800米）和12分制成绩（篮球）。考试前用心境状态量表（POMS）来测定考前心境水平。结果：体育高考生心境TMD低分组与TMD中等组相比,800米高考成绩上,TMD低分组显著优于TMD中等组,篮球高考成绩上,两组差异不显著;TMD高分组与TMD中等组相比,TMD高分组与TMD低分组相比,800米高考成绩和篮球高考成绩上,差异不显著。结论：心境状况影响800米高考成绩,不影响篮球高考成绩;在800米考试期间,心境状态很好、很积极的考生考试成绩明显优于心境状态一般的学生。然而,心境状态很好的学生与心境不佳的学生相比,考试成绩没有差异。 相似文献
14.
王彩云 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(8):57-58
探讨在普通高校健美操课中采用分组互助教学法和传统教学法两种不同教学手段进行对比,探索研究分组互助教学法在不同持续时间的锻炼过程中对大学生主观幸福感的干预效应。结果：1）在普通高校健美操课中采用分组互助教学法有利于激发锻炼者自主需要、关系需要,有利于内在动机的激发和满足学生的需要,在学习过程中更容易出现运动愉快感等积极的心理过程,从而能有效地提高正性情感,有助于提高学生主观幸福感。2）学生主观幸福感不同成分的变化对学习持续时间的要求不同,情感成分的变化比认知成分的变化时间更短。3）在普通高校健美操教学中采用分组互助教学法,学生分组是以班级或宿舍为单位,这样为学生能够在课程结束后还持续进行锻炼创造了条件,有利于提高学生的生活满意感和学习满意感。 相似文献
15.
Camille Sabourin Christiane Trottier Eric Frenette Martin Camiré Vicky Drapeau Claude Goulet 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2020,24(1):33-48
ABSTRACTResearch on positive youth development and life skills in sport has gained considerable attention over the past decades. However, there is a lack of translated questionnaires examining youth development and life skills available to non-English researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this research project was to adapt in French two questionnaires and to accumulate validity evidence of these adaptations. The short form – Youth Experiences Survey for Sport and the Life Skills Scale for Sport were adapted using a procedure based on a transcultural validation methodology applied to psychological measures. This research comprises four studies, which led to the French adaptation and validation process of each questionnaire. In conclusion, the results obtained show that these adapted French questionnaires can now be used to evaluate the perceptions and lived experiences of French-speaking athletes regarding positive youth development and life skills in sport. 相似文献
16.
This is the second study of the series, and its aim was to investigate the influence of using the suspended aid on circle kinetics. In addition to the kinematic data recorded for part one (Fujihara & Gervais, 2012), the pommel reaction forces and the force applied from the suspended aid (aid reaction force) were analysed in relation to the motion of a whole-body mass centre. The hip joint moment was also computed by combining all segments in the lower extremities into a single rigid segment. Generally, the use of the aid changed the magnitude of the mass-centre trajectory or horizontal pommel reaction forces but not their patterns. The results also showed that the net hip joint moment was altered during circles with the aid. In summary, a suspended aid can be used as a progression for a variety of goals because it allows gymnasts to practise circles which would not be possible without the aid. When a suspended aid is used, however, practitioners should be aware of the possible kinetic alteration caused by the external force from the aid. 相似文献
17.
Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: assessing the darker side of athletic experience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Research in self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002) has shown that satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs in sport contexts is associated with enhanced engagement, performance, and well-being. This article outlines the initial development of a multidimensional measure designed to assess psychological need thwarting, an under-studied area of conceptual and practical importance. Study 1 generated a pool of items designed to tap the negative experiential state that occurs when athletes perceive their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness to be actively undermined. Study 2 tested the factorial structure of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. The supported model comprised 3 factors, which represented the hypothesized interrelated dimensions of need thwarting. The model was refined and cross-validated using an independent sample in Study 3. Overall, the psychological need thwarting scale (PNTS) demonstrated good content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as internal consistency and invariance across gender, sport type, competitive level, and competitive experience. The conceptualization of psychological need thwarting is discussed, and suggestions are made regarding the use of the PNTS in research pertaining to the darker side of sport participation. 相似文献
18.
BFS两次检验的介绍与结果对比分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
BFS是一份心境测量与描述工具。笔者对在国内进行的两次BFS基本信效度检验的结果进行了对照比较与分析，认为该量表具有较理想的理论效度、结构效度和内部一致性。但也存在需要注意的问题。 相似文献
19.
Ajmol Ali Jemma O’Donnell Pamela Von Hurst Andrew Foskett Sherina Holland Carlene Starck 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):330-341
We examined the influence of caffeine supplementation on cognitive performance and perceptual responses in female team-game players taking low-dose monophasic oral contraceptives of the same hormonal composition. Ten females (24 ± 4 years; 59.7 ± 3.5 kg body mass; 2–6 training sessions per week) took part in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover-design trial. A 90-min intermittent treadmill-running protocol was completed 60 min following ingestion of a capsule containing either 6 mg ? kg?1 anhydrous caffeine or artificial sweetener (placebo). Perceptual responses (ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS)), mood (profile of mood states (POMS)) and cognitive performance (Stroop test, choice reaction time (CRT)) were completed before, during and after the exercise protocol, as well as after ~12 h post exercise. Caffeine ingestion significantly enhanced the ratings of pleasure (P = 0.008) and arousal (P = 0.002) during the exercise protocol, as well as increased vigour (POMS; P = 0.007), while there was a tendency for reduced fatigue (POMS; P = 0.068). Caffeine ingestion showed a tendency to decrease RPE (P = 0.068) and improve reaction times in the Stroop (P = 0.072) and CRT (P = 0.087) tests. Caffeine supplementation showed a positive effect on perceptual parameters by increasing vigour and a tendency to decrease fatigue during intermittent running activity in female games players taking low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive steroids (OCS). 相似文献
20.
健美课与大学生心理健康效应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究目的是为大学体育课效果评价和个体评价提供心理依据。以16 0名男大学生为研究对象,研究工具为POMS量表、自尊量表和10项陈述测验,统计方法为多元方差分析、单因素方差分析等。研究结果显示,健美课可能对大学生产生心理健康效应;使他们在面对紧张、愤怒和疲劳时,有应对的自信和能力;健美课的身心交互作用可能对提高大学生的自信心和精力感有促进作用;对于他们的情绪调节和改善心境亦有积极影响;健美课杠铃负重练习的特点可能诱发大学生积极的思维和情感。 相似文献