共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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游泳蹲踞式与抓台式出发技术运动学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对８名优秀青少年游泳运动员进行为期八周的出发技术系统训练，通过对蹲踞式和抓台式两种出发技术的影片和录像解析，进行了有关运动学的研究。研究结果表明：蹲踞式出发在离台时间和水平速度方面明显优于抓台式，而且蹲踞式出发可以创造与抓台式相同的出发成绩。又根据国外学者提出的蹲踞平式是最快的出发技术，建议在我国游泳教学和训练中进行蹲踞式出发技术的尝试。对蹲踞平式出发技术应进行进一步的研究。 相似文献
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3种游泳出发技术的运动学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
重点描述20世纪90年代后出现的后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术,并与现在常用的前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式游泳出发技术进行比较。运用生物力学测试方法,使用超微摄像机对8名优秀女游泳运动员进行定点拍摄,通过对3种游泳出发技术的录像进行解析来比较研究它们的部分运动学特征,得出这3种游泳出发技术的特点。研究结果表明:后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术稳定性高;后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术离台水平速度大,手的拉台效果明显,但滞台时间也较长;后摆蹲踞式出发技术的台上预备姿势重心投影点距出发台前沿较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术靠后,不利于快速起动。对3种游泳出发技术的综合评价表明,后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术有利因素较多。 相似文献
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两种蹲踞式游泳出发技术的运动学比较分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取8名男子大学生游泳运动员,进行为期4周的前倾蹲踞式与后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术的规范训练.通过对两种蹲踞式出发技术的录相解析来比较研究其出发技术的运动学特征.研究结果表明,后摆蹲踞式出发技术不仅在预备姿势、起跳、腾空等阶段有利因素较多,而且在入水及水下滑行阶段更具有明显的优势. 相似文献
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蹲距式起跑是短跑教学中的重要一环,本文通过对蹲距式起跑重点、难点的分析,并对其技术特点,采用不同的教学手段,合理安排教学,使同学们尽快熟悉、掌握蹲距式起跑技术。 相似文献
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第14届世界游泳锦标赛出发技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用现场研究、文献调查等方法对竞技游泳2种主要的出发技术进行研究。对第14届世界游泳锦标赛决赛运动员224人次的出发技术的分布比例进行了统计,对出发反应时(start reaction,SR)、出发15 m时间(start efficiency,SE)、800 m以下项目的成绩(Score,SC)等指标进行分析研究,同时梳理了近年来有关出发技术的研究文献数据。研究表明,蹲踞式出发技术(track start,TS)从10余年前不到40%的采用率增长到了2011年世界游泳锦标赛上的98%。蹲踞式出发技术在SR和SE上均比抓台式(grab start,GS)有优势。研究认为,抓台式技术将成为历史,所有运动员应掌握带有助推器的新型出发台的蹲踞式出发技术。 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2014,(4):500-504
研究抓住世界游泳发展动态,选取16名一级大学生游泳运动员对新型游泳出发起跳器上蹲踞式出发技术开展运动特征研究。结果表明:游泳出发起跳器的使用,能够提高后摆蹲踞式技术的离台速度;但腾空高度低,水下滑行效果不好,在出发起跳器上不适宜采用后摆蹲踞式出发技术。 相似文献
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蹲踞式出发(Track start,TS)和抓台式出发(Grab start,GS)这两种技术占据了当前竞技游泳运动台上出发的绝对主导地位,也一直受到科研人员的关注.尽管对此有相当多数量的研究报道,然而,并没有形成一些结论性的意见.基于"2008年全国游泳冠军赛暨奥运会选拔赛"和"2008年全国游泳锦标赛暨全运会选拔赛"的决赛结果,对两种出发技术进行探讨,分析这两种出发技术对出发反应时间和出发效率(到达15 m线时间)的影响.分析结果揭示,蹲踞式出发技术的反应时间在大部分项目上具有显著优势.总体来说,出发效率也表现出蹲踞式优于抓台式的趋势.我国游泳运动员中,采用蹲踞式出发技术的男运动员比例占多数,而女子运动员则绝大部分采用抓台式出发技术,建议游泳运动员应采用蹲踞式出发技术. 相似文献
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通过文献资料、观察法、数理统计等研究方法,对北京奥运会游泳比赛中运动员采用蹲踞式和抓台式出发反应时进行统计与分析。结果表明：蹲踞式出发技术具有较好的稳定性、起动速度更快和发力效果好,比抓台式出发技术的反应时短,具有显著性差异,成为主流出发技术;建议：在各层次运动队的训练中广泛推广。 相似文献
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1、前言众所周知出发技术好坏对优秀运动员来讲十分重要,甚至出发技术水平的高低直接影响比赛的成绩。近年来随着世界游泳水平的不断提高,出发技术也发生了明显变化,1972年奥运会前,占主要地位的是传统式出发技术,后来抓台式起跳技术也相继问世,然而引起人们的注意是1974年新的蹲距式出发技术。自从美国 相似文献
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目的:基于青少年的生理特点,通过对比青少年游泳运动员采用蹲踞式和抓台式2种游泳出发技术时的运动学和动力学数据,以期为青少年游泳运动员的运动训练与比赛提供参考。方法:使用Kistler测力台和高速摄像机记录从青少年游泳运动员从准备姿势到入水的整个过程,通过对2种游泳出发技术参数的统计对比分析,总结这2种游泳出发技术的特点。结果:从游泳出发技术上来看,男性采用蹲踞式的加速蹬伸时间、地面反作用力峰值、腾空时间、腾空距离、平均水平腾空速度、出发总时间大于抓台式,而入水角度较小;女性采用蹲踞式的加速蹬伸时间、地面反作用力峰值、腾空距离、平均水平腾空速度大于抓台式,而腾空时间、入水角度、出发总时间较小。从性别角度看,男性采用蹲踞式的加速蹬伸时间、平均水平腾空速度、入水角度小于女性,而地面反作用力峰值、腾空时间、腾空距离、出发总时间较大;男性采用抓台式的加速蹬伸时间、平均水平腾空速度、入水角度小于女性,而地面反作用力峰值、腾空时间、腾空距离、出发总时间较大。结论:从游泳出发技术上来看,蹲踞式在滞台阶段加速蹬伸时间较长,但地面反作用力较大,且获得了更大的平均水平腾空速度,弥补了其滞台时间较长的缺点;在腾空阶段,在腾空时间无显著差异的情况下,蹲踞式具有明显较大的腾空距离,则蹲踞式在该阶段更具优势。从性别上来看,男性的加速蹬伸时间较小,且地面反作用力较大,但平均水平腾空速度较小,减小了男性在滞台阶段的优势;在腾空阶段,男性的腾空时间明显大于女性,但其腾空距离也较大。 相似文献
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Starting block performance in swimming is of crucial importance in the individual competitions for the shorter swimming distances as well as for the relay events. The significance of this swim start performance will increase with the introduction of a new starting block with a longer and slightly steeper surface in conjunction with a push-off support for the feet and laterally adjustable handles. As grab starts and track starts were equally observed in international swimming competitions there are good reasons to assume that only the latter will remain the dominant starting technique. This report aims to summarize existing knowledge on the biomechanics of the swim start performed on a traditional starting block as a new starting block is introduced and new starting techniques are going to be developed. Following some introductory remarks on the assessment of the swim start performance, results will be discussed on the merit of different take-off techniques, on the entry behaviour, and on the force development profiles on the starting block. In conclusion, a tendency in favour of the rear-weighted track start was found in conjunction with a flat entry. In addition, it could be shown that an angular momentum around the transverse body axis combined with a dolphin kick (and a previously hyperextended hip joint) may provide hydrodynamic conditions to enter the water with a rather steep centre of mass trajectory. Finally, existing biomechanical knowledge will be presented on the relay start as well as on a possible change in the starting technique using the new block. 相似文献
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Welcher RL Hinrichs RN George TR 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(1):100-113
The aim of this study was to compare three competitive swimming starts (grab, rear-weighted track, and front-weighted track). The starts were compared in terms of time and instantaneous horizontal velocity, both at take-off from the block and at 5 m from the wall. Twenty US college female swimmers performed three trials of each of the three randomly ordered starts. Swimmers left the block significantly sooner using the front-weighted track start (0.80 s) than the other two starts (both 0.87 s; P < 0.001). In the rear-weighted track start, however, the athletes left the blocks with significantly higher horizontal velocity than in the grab or front-weighted track start (3.99 vs. 3.87 and 3.90 m/s, respectively; each P < 0.001). By 5 m, the front-weighted track start maintained its time advantage over the grab start (2.19 vs. 2.24s; P = 0.008) but not the rear-weighted track start (2.19 vs. 2.21 s; P = 0.336). However, the rear-weighted track start had a significant advantage over the front-weighted track start in terms of instantaneous horizontal velocity at 5 m (2.25 vs. 2.18 m/s; P = 0.009). Therefore, the rear-weighted track start had a better combination of time and velocity than the front-weighted track start. There was also a trend for the rear-weighted track start to have higher velocity at 5 m than the grab start, although this did not reach statistical significance (2.25 vs. 2.20 m/s; P = 0.042). Overall, these results favour the rear-weighted track start for female swimmers even though most of the athletes had little or no prior experience with it. Additional research is needed to determine whether males would respond similarly to females in these three different swimming starts. 相似文献
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技术动作节奏与田径技术教学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在田径技术教学过程中,不仅要掌握技术动作的组成部分,而且还必须掌握技术动作各部分的时空关系,即技术动作节奏,才能合理运用体力,在发挥出最大能力的前提下,获得最大的运动效果。 相似文献
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关于使用新式冰刀起跑技术与方法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对第18届冬奥会速滑男女500m成绩分析结果表明,使用新式冰刀虽然使速滑500m成绩有较大幅度提高,但对其起跑100m成绩不但无显著提高,反而有所下降,表明新式冰刀在起跑技术上尚存一定问题。针对这一问题,对速滑运动员优秀组和普通组进行两种起跑姿势的实验、对比研究,结果表明,采用蛙式起跑对500m的起跑100m成绩有明显提高,表明蛙式起跑相对更适应新式冰刀,就此提出了采用蛙式起跑对于进一步提高速滑500m成绩的可能性和可行性意见。并就进一步完善和改进站立式起跑技术提出了对策性意见。 相似文献
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对短道速度滑冰项目技术创新的思考 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：2
分析短道速度滑冰竞赛制胜的原因,认为取得好成绩的核心问题是技术突破问题:运用最先进的运动技术,或改革已有的运动技术;运动技术的突破有2种机制:依靠自身的创新和依靠学习别人的先进技术;运动技术体系的动态性、开放性和创新性,是短道速度滑冰项目运动成绩进步的基本保证。 相似文献
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Robert L. Welcher Thomas R. George 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):100-113
The aim of this study was to compare three competitive swimming starts (grab, rear-weighted track, and front-weighted track). The starts were compared in terms of time and instantaneous horizontal velocity, both at take-off from the block and at 5 m from the wall. Twenty US college female swimmers performed three trials of each of the three randomly ordered starts. Swimmers left the block significantly sooner using the front-weighted track start (0.80 s) than the other two starts (both 0.87 s; P < 0.001). In the rear-weighted track start, however, the athletes left the blocks with significantly higher horizontal velocity than in the grab or front-weighted track start (3.99 vs. 3.87 and 3.90 m/s, respectively; each P < 0.001). By 5 m, the front-weighted track start maintained its time advantage over the grab start (2.19 vs. 2.24 s; P = 0.008) but not the rear-weighted track start (2.19 vs. 2.21 s; P = 0.336). However, the rear-weighted track start had a significant advantage over the front-weighted track start in terms of instantaneous horizontal velocity at 5 m (2.25 vs. 2.18 m/s; P = 0.009). Therefore, the rear-weighted track start had a better combination of time and velocity than the front-weighted track start. There was also a trend for the rear-weighted track start to have higher velocity at 5 m than the grab start, although this did not reach statistical significance (2.25 vs. 2.20 m/s; P = 0.042). Overall, these results favour the rear-weighted track start for female swimmers even though most of the athletes had little or no prior experience with it. Additional research is needed to determine whether males would respond similarly to females in these three different swimming starts. 相似文献