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从攻防意识的含义、攻防意识的重要性及如何培养运动员攻防意识三个方面对武术套路演练中的攻防意识进行了分析与论述。在套路演练过程中,要表现出动作的气韵之美,就必须通过形体动作充分表现出内在精神来,必须全面认识与深刻理解武术动作的攻防意识。这也是武术套路区别于一般性的体育项目的标志,又是每个习武者在练武过程中所强调和追求的目标。 相似文献
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刘守秀 《体育成人教育学刊》1994,(2)
谈武术套路教学对武术意识的培养辩证唯物主义认为：意识是人脑的机能，人们的意识是客观世界的主观映象。那么武术意识就是对武术动作所具有攻防含义的体现，是人们在进行武术套路演练过程中，为追求健身、攻防表现的效果，而进行的自觉心理活动过程。武术套路演练水平高... 相似文献
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施荣华 《西安体育学院学报》1984,(3)
<正> 武术,讲武之术,它根本的东西是“攻防”,离开了攻防就谈不上是“武术”。武术套路是由攻防实战动作所组成,按照一定程序进行的假设性的攻防演练,不是象散手、推手那样的攻防实战。教学中,要使练习者通过形体动作充分表现出内在的精神来,就必须全面认识并深刻理解武术动作的攻防含义,这就是“攻防意识”的作用,失去了它,就体现不出武术的民族风格和运动特色。练习时如果没有目的,不了解动作的含义,也就不可能有较强的意识表现,动作好 相似文献
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武术运动能使人获得美的享受，在某种程度上满足了人们的审美需求，这种审美价值，产生于技击美与技艺美融合的武术美。武术套路的技击美，是以人们对武术攻防、功利的认识为基础，通过演练动作的攻防含义表现出来，同时也从勇敢、力量、合理的攻防法以及健壮的体魄中获得美感。而武术套路的技艺美，是充分发挥人体运动能力，表现出武术动作规格美和运动规律美，在武术套路运动中还通过传神、比兴、夸张等艺术手法来加强武术动作规格美和运动规律美的表现力和感染力，使武术技艺美具有更高的审美价值。 相似文献
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攻防技击性在武术套路教学中的应用性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合武术套路教学之特点,对在教学中讲解、演练动作攻防含义的教学效果作了比较性研究,并从生理和心理的角度探讨了其在教学实践中的作用,指出讲述演练动作攻防含义在套路教学中的优越性和可行性. 相似文献
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高校武术教学是传承武术技术的重要途径,当前武术教学多以套路形式进行.在教学过程中,由于对攻防意识的不够重视,部分教师偏重于套路动作的“形式”教学,缺少结合攻防含义的动作讲解,在套路教学中片面的注重动作规格,不明白其动作的实用性,久而久之不仅失去武术本质,还会偏离它独有的教学特色,从而导致教学质量下降,学生学习片面性等现象.如何完善武术套路教学中出现的无攻防含义教学是当前武术教育工作者的一大课题,文章将从武术套路教学的攻防含义为切入点,阐述当前武术套路教学的困境,以期达到武术传承与发扬的目的. 相似文献
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在套路技术教学中运用攻防演练意识教学的教学方法,即教师把具有攻防含意的动作进行剖析、运用一定的方法使学生明确其攻防内涵并使之掌握的传授过程,能使学生在学习的过程中对动作的含义了解更加深刻,大大提高学生的兴趣,真正体会到武术的特性与风格。 相似文献
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通过十运会武术套路比赛执裁实践,发现竞赛规则中仍然存在一些不完善之处。在演练水平评分中出现“评分盲点”,由于规则对套路的步型没有严格规定导致定势动作异化,对难度动作的过分重视导致具有攻防含义的一般动作被忽视,此外,难度动作的编排也不太合理,难度动作前的过多停顿影响了演练整体节奏。而且,对练部分尚需进一步量化。文章根据十运会武术套路比赛的实践检验,提出了十运会后竞技武术竞赛规则修改建议。 相似文献
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武术眼神训练法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
眼法系指武术套路演练和攻防实战中眼神运用的方法。在武术套路比赛和散打比赛中都十分重要,《拳经拳法备要·周身秘诀十二项》:“眼者身之主,宜精神注射,破敌全凭之。故认腿认势皆赖乎眼也”。套路对眼法的要求是眼到手到,手眼相随,两目炯炯有神;使整套动作精神饱满,雄健威武,体现出潜在的攻防含义,把观众引向格斗意境,眼神是武术精、气、神的核心和窗口。散打对眼法的要求是:眼神紧紧注视对手关键部位,用余光观察其他部位,及时掌握对手变化,快速准确做出判断,克敌制胜。因此,无论是在武术套路还是在散打比赛中,眼法占有至关重要位置,在武术教学与训练中不容忽视。 相似文献
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The value of sport as a vehicle for social development and progressive social change has been much debated, yet what tends to get missed in this debate is the way education may foster, enable or impede the transformative action that underpins the social outcomes to which the ‘sport for development and peace’ (SDP) sector aspires. This article draws on the critical pedagogy of Paulo Freire and his contemporaries to examine the nature of transformative action and how it may be fostered within SDP programs. Insights from critical pedagogy are applied to, and illustrated through, qualitative research undertaken with SDP programs located in Cameroon and Kenya. The findings show the complexities of designing and implementing critical pedagogy in a SDP context and, in particular, the challenges of creating and mobilizing for transformative action. Opportunities and lessons for embedding critical pedagogy within SDP programs are also presented. 相似文献
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AbstractAn Australian analysis of global sporting megatrends has noted the rise in prominence of action sports. Over the past few decades, action sports have continued to evolve and fragment. Changes in the high-performance sector have been particularly evident through the highly visible inclusion of action sports such as BMX, snowboarding, surfing, skateboarding and sports climbing in the Olympic Games. However, while there has been a swift rise in the prominence and position of action sports globally, relatively little is known about the impact of the shifting formalization and professionalization of these sports and their participants. Focussing on the Australian context, this article seeks to capture and critique the professional development of coaches and athletes, while drawing on examples from BMX, surfing and skateboarding. Further, implications of funding, research and new media technologies on the knowledge, expertise and credentials of elite action sports participants are discussed. Findings of the systematic analysis suggest that there are differing opportunities for professionalization of action sports both nationally and internationally, with the subsequent recommendation being that sporting organizations join forces to support the advancement of athletes and coaches. 相似文献
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张运 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(7):110-112
本文通过运动与游戏的本体性探索,揭示了体育原本是人类生活的构型元素。通过对古代希腊体育价值异化的剖析,阐释了人道主义是体育本体的核心价值。并在本体论的语境中,拓展体育的美学空间,将体育的文化价值引向生命的精神超越。 相似文献
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In Experiment 1, adult and child participants were instructed to imitate a video model performing a bowling action with or without a ball. Participants imitated the action with greater accuracy without a ball and in general adults were more accurate than children. In Experiment 2, adults and children were shown a video or point-light display of the bowling action. There was no difference in movement form between the adult point-light and video groups. In contrast, children were poorer at reproducing the action when viewing point-light compared with video sequences (P < 0.05). The novel point-light display hindered the children's ability to provide conceptual mediation between the presented information and action requirements. In Experiment 3, a child point-light group was provided with perceptual-cognitive training. The perceptual-cognitive training group demonstrated better movement reproduction than a group who viewed the point-light displays with no training (P < 0.05), although there were no differences between participants who received training and those who viewed a video. Children are able to perceive and use relative motion information from a display after some general training, and the effectiveness of demonstrations needs to be judged relative to the task context. 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):124-138
The moral domain comprises behaviours that have consequences for the rights and welfare of others (Turiel, 1983). In this review, research examining such behaviours in the sport context is discussed. Researchers have approached the study of moral behaviour in sport from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Two approaches that have spawned a considerable number of studies in recent years are Rest's (1984) four-component model of moral action and Bandura's (1991) social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. Research emanating from these approaches is discussed followed by work on good and bad sport behaviours, fair play, and aggression. Within each perspective, the measurement approach to behaviour is described, findings of relevant studies are discussed, and strengths and weaknesses of these studies are identified. The review concludes by identifying emerging trends in the literature and offering directions for future research. 相似文献
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Research examining problem representations of individuals during task performance is advancing our understanding of information processing and expertise in a variety of sports. However, few studies using similar methodology have been conducted on individuals of various competitive standards in one domain in similar contexts. This study examined problem representations of adult advanced beginners and entry-level professionals accessed during singles tennis competition (n = 12). These groups were selected to represent players with performance skills that were different from those studied previously (i.e. adult beginners and varsity players). Immediate recall and planning interviews were conducted between points during singles tennis competition. Players competed within their respective expertise groups. Verbal reports were transcribed verbatim and concepts were scored according to a model of protocol structure. Several multivariate analyses of variance were conducted on rank scores for measures of concept content and structure using the L-statistic. Entry-level professionals exhibited more advanced problem representations than advanced beginners regardless of interview type. These findings together with those of previous research suggest adaptations in long-term memory profiles with increases in performance skills. For example, beginners lacked action plan and current event profiles because they generated goals and reiterated game events during both interviews. Advanced beginners, who had better performance skills than beginners, exhibited rudimentary action plan profiles and deficient current event profiles because they generated and monitored several detailed actions related to the current context during recall interviews and generated only a few goals during planning interviews. In contrast, varsity players and professionals processed tactical information in the current context and beyond denoting the existence of both action plan and current event profiles. Varsity players, with inferior performance skills than professionals, exhibited fewer and less associated tactical concepts than professionals during both interviews. 相似文献
17.
Abstract Research examining problem representations of individuals during task performance is advancing our understanding of information processing and expertise in a variety of sports. However, few studies using similar methodology have been conducted on individuals of various competitive standards in one domain in similar contexts. This study examined problem representations of adult advanced beginners and entry-level professionals accessed during singles tennis competition (n = 12). These groups were selected to represent players with performance skills that were different from those studied previously (i.e. adult beginners and varsity players). Immediate recall and planning interviews were conducted between points during singles tennis competition. Players competed within their respective expertise groups. Verbal reports were transcribed verbatim and concepts were scored according to a model of protocol structure. Several multivariate analyses of variance were conducted on rank scores for measures of concept content and structure using the L-statistic. Entry-level professionals exhibited more advanced problem representations than advanced beginners regardless of interview type. These findings together with those of previous research suggest adaptations in long-term memory profiles with increases in performance skills. For example, beginners lacked action plan and current event profiles because they generated goals and reiterated game events during both interviews. Advanced beginners, who had better performance skills than beginners, exhibited rudimentary action plan profiles and deficient current event profiles because they generated and monitored several detailed actions related to the current context during recall interviews and generated only a few goals during planning interviews. In contrast, varsity players and professionals processed tactical information in the current context and beyond denoting the existence of both action plan and current event profiles. Varsity players, with inferior performance skills than professionals, exhibited fewer and less associated tactical concepts than professionals during both interviews. 相似文献
18.
体育教师赋权增能是推进课程改革、促进体育教育教学质量提升的关键要素与有效策略。首先,从传统惯习与现代场域场景变化中体育教师身份认同、能力胜任、情感关注和文化积淀等方面的不适或冲突,窥探了课程改革语境下体育教师赋权增能行动困境的多重表现。然后,本着课程整体推进"赋权"行动路线与局部"增能"问题发现路线,从"超量"赋权、"错位"赋权、"表面"增能与"低效"增能等方面探讨了行动困境形成的原因。最后,坚持自上而下的课程改革本体调适与由下向上体育教师专业发展双向思路去寻求解决途径,提出从课程走向课堂—关注教学实践—教师专业学习共同体的递进式调适落实思路和优化措施方法,促进体育教师对课程改革的认同和实践,才能为有序推进课程改革提供实质性的帮助。 相似文献
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To visually perceive opportunities for action, athletes rely on the movements of their eyes, head and body to explore their surrounding environment. To date, the specific types of technology and their efficacy for assessing the exploration behaviours of association footballers have not been systematically reviewed. This review aimed to synthesise the visual perception and exploration behaviours of footballers according to the task constraints, action requirements of the experimental task, and level of expertise of the athlete, in the context of the technology used to quantify the visual perception and exploration behaviours of footballers. A systematic search for papers that included keywords related to football, technology, and visual perception was conducted. All 38 included articles utilised eye-movement registration technology to quantify visual perception and exploration behaviour. The experimental domain appears to influence the visual perception behaviour of footballers, however no studies investigated exploration behaviours of footballers in open-play situations. Studies rarely utilised representative stimulus presentation or action requirements. To fully understand the visual perception requirements of athletes, it is recommended that future research seek to validate alternate technologies that are capable of investigating the eye, head and body movements associated with the exploration behaviours of footballers during representative open-play situations. 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):93-108
Historically, theories of morality have focused predominantly on moral cognition at the expense of moral action. One theory that considers moral action as well as moral cognition is Bandura's (1991) Social Cognitive Theory of Moral Thought and Action. One aspect of this theory that has recently proved particularly popular with researchers investigating sport morality is that of moral disengagement. Moral disengagement is a collective term for eight psychosocial mechanisms that selectively inhibit moral standards from preventing reprehensible conduct by disengaging self-reproof when one engages in conduct that contravenes one's moral standards. In this review, research examining moral disengagement in the sport context is discussed. Research in this area can be grouped into two broad categories: (a) moral disengagement and behaviours that occur during sport participation; and (b) moral disengagement and doping in sport. The present review considers work addressing both categories. Within each category, the main findings of pertinent studies are discussed, and strengths and weaknesses of these studies are identified. The review concludes with directions for future research. 相似文献