共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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通过测量江苏击剑运动员手指长度,比较分析食指与无名指指长比(2D:4D)与性别、机能指标和运动能力的关系。结果显示,击剑运动员2D:4D男子低于女子,右手低于左手。2D:4D不能预测血红蛋白含量,血清皮质醇和血清睾酮水平等机能水平。去除训练年限的影响后,优秀击剑运动员优势手2D:4D低于普通运动员,2D:4D可以用于击剑运动员选材。 相似文献
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为满足速度滑冰项目科学选材工作的需要,对我国速滑运动员指长比（2D：4D）与运动成绩、血清睾酮、血红蛋白及血球压积等多种身体机能水平指标的相关性进行研究,探索指长比在速滑运动员选材中的作用。通过对黑龙江省冰上训练中心速滑运动员的手指长度及指长比的测量与分析,表明速滑运动员指长比与运动成绩相关性不显著,与血清睾酮等3项机能指标显著相关,即指长比（2D：4D）越高,相关血清睾酮（T）等3项运动机能指标越低,说明指长比（2D：4D）可以作为速度滑冰项目科学选材的重要指标被应用。 相似文献
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目的:采用Meta分析的方法探讨血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与中国运动员运动能力的关联性.方法:系统地检索PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、CBM、VIP、WanFang data中有关ACE I/D基因多态性与中国运动员运动能力关联性的病例—对照研究,检索时间均为建库至2015年8月1日.由2位研究者按纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据,采用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入15个病例—对照研究(含17个比较).Meta分析结果显示,ACE I/D基因多态性与中国运动员运动能力的关联性在所有基因模型比较中均无统计学意义.根据不同运动类型进行亚组分析显示,ACE DD基因型及D等位基因与力量型、耐力型运动能力的关联性有统计学意义,与游泳类无统计学意义.敏感性分析结果表明结果稳定性较好,漏斗图结果显示各基因模型比较均不存在发表偏倚.结论:ACE DD基因型和D等位基因与中国力量型运动员运动能力呈正相关,与耐力型运动能力呈负相关,与游泳类运动能力不相关. 相似文献
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目的:以15名专业皮划艇运动员为研究对象,对其进行葡萄籽提取物干预,分析实验中和实验结束后男女皮划艇运动员的抗氧化能力与运动能力是否存在差异,以便针对不同性别的运动员采取不同的运动补剂,使运动营养品更有针对性.方法:验前,晨起空腹采取指血.实验开始后,每日早餐后30min分别服用葡萄籽提取物胶囊两粒,连续给药干预至实验结束.分别于干预前、干预第22天、干预第43天晨起空腹采取指血.实验干预期间,要求记录训练日记并观察8km越野跑的成绩变化.结果:预后第22天女运动员的MDA的下降显著高于男运动员(P＜0.05);干预后第43天女运动员的SOD值升高显著高于男运动员(P＜0.05);干预后第22天比干预前男运动员组8km越野跑时间减少了49s,女运动员组时间减少了1min20s,女运动员8km越野跑成绩的提高显著高于男运动员(P＜0.05).结论:萄籽提取物更能有效提高女运动员机体总的抗氧化能力和运动能力,减轻大强度运动引起的氧化应激、脂质过氧化损伤. 相似文献
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人手形态作为人体的一个特定性状具有遗传性,个体差异性和终生不变的稳定性等特性,被生动地称为"暴露在外的遗传因子";人手的形态特征与人的生活环境,健康水平,空间想象力,认知能力和运动能力具有一定的相关关系.综述了目前国际上对手指指长差(无名指指长减食指指长)与运动能力的关系的研究成果,并对普通大学生和运动员手指之差做了一定量的测量以及对比,从贡献率和权重的角度分析手指之差作为运动员选材的参考指标是否可行. 相似文献
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优秀有氧耐力运动员ACE 基因I/ D 多态性与最大有氧能力及心脏结构与功能的关联研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为探讨ACE基因I/D多态性与人类有氧运动能力的关联关系并寻找相关的分子遗传标记,应用PCR-AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)方法检测优秀耐力运动员与普通人群ACE基因型.结果显示,I等位基因频率运动员组明显增高,有显著性差异(P<0.05),且不同基因型间各性状存在差别,提示ACE
I/D 多态性很可能与人体的运动能力及其对运动训练的敏感度相关联. 相似文献
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目的：通过调查分析上海部分运动项目运动员不同季节维生素D的营养状况,为制定合理的预防及改善措施、科学设计运动训练计划、促进运动员身体健康并提高运动成绩提供客观依据。方法：女子足球、女子排球、女子体操共45名上海职业运动员,分别在冬季、春季、夏季、秋季的季中月末4次空腹抽取静脉血进行血清25-(OH)D水平的测试,分析这些项目运动员不同季节体内25-(OH)D水平及维生素D营养状况。结果：(1)上海女子足球、女子排球、女子体操运动员维生素D水平缺乏及不足的情况均较为严重,且不同季节间存在显著性差异,25-(OH)D整体水平秋季和春季相对较高,冬季和夏季相对较低,其中秋季维生素D正常率最高,缺乏率最低;冬季维生素D正常率最低,缺乏率最高;(2)室内项目上海女排运动员及体操运动员冬季维生素D缺乏率最高,且无人达到正常水平;体操运动员4个季节的维生素D缺乏率均明显高于女排和女足运动员,且四季均无人达到正常水平;(3)室外项目上海女足运动员秋季25-(OH)D水平最高,维生素D正常率也最高,且无人缺乏;夏季维生素D缺乏率最高,并显著低于室内项目上海女排运动员的体内水平。结论：上海部分项目运动员维生素D营养状况缺乏及不足的问题广泛存在,在夏季不同运动项目,尤其是室外项目女足运动员,及体操运动员四季维生素D不足及缺乏问题不容忽视,定期检测运动员25-(OH)D水平来评估体内维生素D营养状况十分重要。建议：(1)需加强运动员和教练员的宣传教育工作,保证运动员不同季节充足、合理的日晒时间;(2)冬季是需要补充维生素D的主要季节,体操运动员尤其要注意维生素D强化食品或适量的维生素D制剂的补充。 相似文献
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为了考察福建省青少年运动员运动倦怠现状,对福建省一些运动项目的青少年运动员进行问卷调查。研究结果表明:(1)开放式运动项目的运动员较封闭式运动项目的青少年运动员更容易产生运动倦怠,尤其体现在情绪/体力耗竭方面;(2)不同性别青少年运动员的运动倦怠差异不具显著性;(3)不同的运动等级,青少年运动员的运动倦怠差异不具显著性;(4)训练年限为5年以上的青少年运动员的运动倦怠总体水平和情绪/体力耗竭显著高于训练年限为1-2年、3-4年的运动员。 相似文献
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杰出的运动能力与运动相关基因的多态性密切相关。采用PCR-RFLP方法测定30名越野滑雪运动员与30名普通大学生的基因的多态性。研究结果表明,对照组等位基因频率为I=35%,D=65%,基因型频率为II=20%,I/D=30%,DD=50%,越野滑雪运动员等位基因频率为I=51.7%,D=48.3%,基因型频率为II=36.7%,I/D=30%,DD=33.3%。经卡方检验符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律,两组间基因型频率和等位基因频率有差异,II基因型和I等位基因的频率高于对照组（P〈0.1）。ACE基因I/D多态性与中国黑龙江省越野滑运动员运动能力有相关性,提示可作为基因选材的指标。探讨中国越野滑雪运动员运动能力与ACE基因I/D多态性的关联,为越野滑雪运动员的基因选材提供前期探讨性的理论依据与基础数据。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify the key kinematic parameters which contribute to higher spin rates in elite finger spin bowling. Kinematic data were collected for twenty-three elite male finger spin bowlers with thirty kinematic parameters calculated for each delivery. Stepwise linear regression and Pearson product moment correlations were used to identify kinematic parameters linked to spin rate. Pelvis orientation at front foot contact (r = 0.674, p < 0.001) and ball release (r = 0.676, p < 0.001) were found to be the biggest predictors of spin rate, with both individually predicting 43% of the observed variance in spin rate. Other kinematic parameters correlated with spin rate included: shoulder orientation at ball release (r = 0.462, p = 0.027), and pelvis-shoulder separation angle at front foot contact (r = 0.521, p = 0.011). The bowlers with the highest spin rates adopted a mid-way pelvis orientation angle, a larger pelvis-shoulder separation angle and a shoulder orientation short of side-on at front foot contact. The segments then rotated sequentially, starting with the pelvis and finishing with the pronation of the forearm. This knowledge can be translated to coaches to provide a better understanding of finger spin bowling technique. 相似文献
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结合排球传球基本技术对手指和手腕的要求，创编了手指操，并通过4次教学实验，经对照比较发现坚持手指操练习能发展手指灵活性，增强手指、手腕力量，对排球传球技术的掌握有很好的促进作用。94．2％的受试认同了这种教学实验。 相似文献
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Chanaka N. Kahathuduwa Vajira S. Weerasinghe Tharaka L. Dassanayake Rajeewa Priyadarshana Arunika L. Dissanayake Christine Perera 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):923-928
We aimed to determine the effect of task-specific kinetic finger tremor, as indexed by surface electromyography (EMG), on the accuracy of a carrom stroke. Surface EMG of extensor digitorum communis muscle of the playing arm was recorded during rest, isometric contraction and stroke execution in 17 male carrom players with clinically observed finger tremor and 18 skill- and age-matched controls. Log-transformed power spectral densities (LogPSDs) of surface EMG activity (signifying tremor severity) at a 1-s pre-execution period correlated with angular error of the stroke. LogPSDs in 4–10 Hz range were higher in players with tremor than controls during pre-execution (P < 0.001), but not during the resting state (P = 0.067). Pre-execution tremor amplitude correlated with angular deviation (r = 0.45, P = 0.007). For the first time, we document a task-specific kinetic finger tremor in carrom players. This finger tremor during the immediate pre-execution phase appears to be a significant determinant of stroke accuracy. 相似文献
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Previous studies of optimal swimming technique have had limited success simulating the complex motion of a swimming stroke,
either experimentally or through computer modelling. This study experimentally simulated the dynamics of the freestyle stroke
in the pull-down phase by measuring the propulsive force created by two models of human hands: one with fingers held together
and the other held with fingers spread at 10∘. The stroke motion was created by towing the model through a tank of water while
simultaneously using a two-axis motor assembly to create a sculling motion. In the testing of the models, the maximum sculling
pitch angle was varied from 20∘ to 50∘. It was determined with 95% confidence that a finger spread of 10∘ creates more stroke
force than a fingers-together configuration across all pitch angles tested. 相似文献
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Physiological determinants of climbing-specific finger endurance and sport rock climbing performance
D. Macleod D. L. Sutherland L. Buntin A. Whitaker T. Aitchison I. Watt 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1433-1443
Abstract The aim of the study was to examine several physiological responses to a climbing-specific task to identify determinants of endurance in sport rock climbing. Finger strength and endurance of intermediate rock climbers (n = 11) and non-climbers (n = 9) were compared using climbing-specific apparatus. After maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) trials, two isometric endurance tests were performed at 40% (s = 2.5%) MVC until volitional exhaustion (continuous contractions and intermittent contractions of 10 s, with 3 s rest between contractions). Changes in muscle blood oxygenation and muscle blood volume were recorded in the flexor digitorum superficialis using near infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Climbers had a higher mean MVC (climbers: 485 N, s = 65; non-climbers 375 N, s = 91) (P = 0.009). The group mean endurance test times were similar. The force – time integral, used as a measure of climbing-specific endurance, was greater for climbers in the intermittent test (climbers: 51,769 N · s, s = 12,229; non-climbers: 35,325 N · s, s = 9724) but not in the continuous test (climbers: 21,043 N · s, s = 4474; non-climbers: 15,816 N · s, s = 6263). Recovery of forearm oxygenation during rest phases (intermittent test) explained 41.1% of the variability in the force – time integral. Change in total haemoglobin was significantly greater in non-climbers (continuous test) than climbers (P = 0.023 – 40% test timepoint, P = 0.014 – 60% test timepoint). Pressor responses were similar between groups and not related to the force – time integral for either test. We conclude that muscle re-oxygenation during rest phases is a predictor of endurance performance. 相似文献
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Different ambient temperatures are known to affect muscular performance based on the type of contraction. The effect of cold (10°C) and thermoneutral (TN) (24°C) ambient temperatures on finger flexor performance was examined in 12 rock climbers. After 30?min of seated rest in the designated temperature condition, participants completed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) on a climbing-specific finger flexor assessment device equipped with a crimp grip hold. Participants then completed an intermittent fatiguing task until failure. The fatiguing task consisted of 10-s contractions at 40% MVC followed by a 3-s of rest. MVC recovery was assessed immediately, 5, 10, and 15?min post-task failure. Estimated muscle temperature and subjective thermal ratings were significantly lower throughout testing in the cold condition (P?<?.001). Finger flexor MVC strength was similar between conditions at baseline and throughout recovery. Time to task failure was significantly longer (364?±?135 vs. 251?±?97 s, P?=?.003) and force time integral was greater (53,715?±?19,988 vs. 40,243?±?15,360?Ns, P?=?.001) during the cold condition. No significant differences were found between conditions for force variability or electromyography (EMG) at the start and end of the fatiguing task. However, the rate of increase in EMG for the TN condition was significantly faster (P?=?.03). These results suggest important implications for researchers when examining climbing performance, especially in outdoor settings where temperatures may vary from day to day. Inconsistencies in testing temperatures might significantly affect muscular endurance. 相似文献
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Physiological determinants of climbing-specific finger endurance and sport rock climbing performance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
MacLeod D Sutherland DL Buntin L Whitaker A Aitchison T Watt I Bradley J Grant S 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(12):1433-1443
The aim of the study was to examine several physiological responses to a climbing-specific task to identify determinants of endurance in sport rock climbing. Finger strength and endurance of intermediate rock climbers (n = 11) and non-climbers (n = 9) were compared using climbing-specific apparatus. After maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) trials, two isometric endurance tests were performed at 40% (s = 2.5%) MVC until volitional exhaustion (continuous contractions and intermittent contractions of 10 s, with 3 s rest between contractions). Changes in muscle blood oxygenation and muscle blood volume were recorded in the flexor digitorum superficialis using near infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Climbers had a higher mean MVC (climbers: 485 N, s = 65; non-climbers 375 N, s = 91) (P = 0.009). The group mean endurance test times were similar. The force-time integral, used as a measure of climbing-specific endurance, was greater for climbers in the intermittent test (climbers: 51,769 N x s, s = 12,229; non-climbers: 35,325 N x s, s = 9724) but not in the continuous test (climbers: 21,043 N x s, s = 4474; non-climbers: 15,816 N x s, s = 6263). Recovery of forearm oxygenation during rest phases (intermittent test) explained 41.1% of the variability in the force-time integral. Change in total haemoglobin was significantly greater in non-climbers (continuous test) than climbers (P = 0.023--40% test timepoint, P = 0.014--60% test timepoint). Pressor responses were similar between groups and not related to the force-time integral for either test. We conclude that muscle re-oxygenation during rest phases is a predictor of endurance performance. 相似文献
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Kenny IC Wallace ES Otto SR 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(3):322-332
The aim of this study was to determine how shaft length affects golf driving performance. A range of drivers with lengths between 1.168 m and 1.270 m, representing lengths close to the 1.219 m limit imposed by R&A Rules Limited (2008), were assembled and evaluated. Clubhead and ball launch conditions and drive distance and accuracy were determined for seven category 1 golfers (handicaps 0.21 +/- 2.41) who performed shots on a purpose-built practice hole. As shaft length increased from 1.168 m to 1.270 m, initial ball velocity increased (+ 1.8 m/s, P < 0.01). Ball carry (+ 4.3 m, P = 0.152) also increased, although not significantly so. Furthermore, as shaft length increased, for all club comparisons there was no decrease in accuracy. Ball launch conditions of spin components and launch angle remained unaffected by shaft length. Launch angle increased (0.8 degree, F = 1.074, P = 0.362) as driver shaft length increased. Our results show that clubhead and ball velocity together with ball carry tended to increase with no loss of accuracy. 相似文献
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Ian C. Kenny Eric S. Wallace Steve R. Otto 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):322-332
The aim of this study was to determine how shaft length affects golf driving performance. A range of drivers with lengths between 1.168 m and 1.270 m, representing lengths close to the 1.219 m limit imposed by R&;A Rules Limited (2008), were assembled and evaluated. Clubhead and ball launch conditions and drive distance and accuracy were determined for seven category 1 golfers (handicaps 0.21 ± 2.41) who performed shots on a purpose-built practice hole. As shaft length increased from 1.168 m to 1.270 m, initial ball velocity increased (+1.8 m/s, P < 0.01). Ball carry (+4.3 m, P = 0.152) also increased, although not significantly so. Furthermore, as shaft length increased, for all club comparisons there was no decrease in accuracy. Ball launch conditions of spin components and launch angle remained unaffected by shaft length. Launch angle increased (0.8°, F = 1.074, P = 0.362) as driver shaft length increased. Our results show that clubhead and ball velocity together with ball carry tended to increase with no loss of accuracy. 相似文献