共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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闭环供应链中往往会产生正反两方向的"双重边际化效应",造成供应链系统效率的损失。研究了一个由制造商、零售商和第三方回收商组成的三级闭环供应链系统在模糊需求环境下的协调机制,分析了三方在分散决策和集中决策两种情形下的决策过程,并给出收入共享契约机制下的决策模型。最后通过一个算例分析表明,模糊需求环境下,收入共享契约机制可以有效协调闭环供应链中各方利润,并使供应链系统的总利润达到集中决策时的水平。 相似文献
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产品再生产闭环供应链的协调研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过以一个两阶段闭环供应链系统为背景,针对供应链上决策激励不一致导致供应链效率低下的问题,研究了利益共享契约和批量折扣契约对闭环供应链协调性的影响,证明了两种契约均可克服双重边际效应,使得闭环供应链协调。并推导出契约参数的取值范围和变化规律,同时从制定成本和实施成本两个方面对契约进行了比较。 相似文献
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零售商双渠道下闭环供应链协调策略研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
考虑零售商在传统销售渠道基础上建立网上销售渠道,以博弈论为基本方法,假定制造商和零售商都是风险中性和完全理性的,研究零售商负责废旧产品回收的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制。通过分析比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和收益状况,得出分散决策下的双渠道闭环供应链没有达到帕累托最优,供应链成员的利润仍有改进空间。为了实现供应链整体利润最大化,设计了零售商销售收益共享-回收成本共担的契约来激励制造商和零售商,且当契约参数满足一定条件时,供应链系统实现协调,然后给出契约参数的合理范围,使制造商和供应商的收益均达到帕累托最优。最后应用一个算例分析其有效性。 相似文献
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在制造商和零售商同时进行CSR投入下,研究制造商许可第三方回收及再制造的闭环供应链定价决策及协调问题.利用博弈理论讨论了分散与集中式决策下闭环供应链节点企业的最优决策,分析了制造商和零售商的CSR投入对闭环供应链成员及整体绩效的影响.研究表明随着制造商和零售商CSR投入的增加,新产品的批发价格、零售价格,专利保护费都会随之增加,制造商、零售商及系统整体的利润也会随之增大.针对分散式决策存在"双重边际"的问题,以集中式决策的最优解为基准,设计了"收益共享成本共担"契约,该契约不仅可以实现闭环供应链系统协调,还能促使制造商和零售商提高CSR投入水平. 相似文献
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本文构建了顾客策略行为下基于CVaR风险度量准则及收益共享契约的供应链决策模型。分析了集中式和分散式供应链系统中,风险规避的供应链成员企业的最优决策行为。采用群决策理论,探讨了收益共享契约的协调机制和利润的分配机制。研究表明：第一,顾客策略行为下,产品的最优零售价格可以起到平衡供应链的利润与风险的杠杆作用;第二,当零售商和制造商的风险规避度不等时,基于帕累托最优准则的收益共享契约可以使分散式供应链达到协调,但不能实现渠道利润在成员企业间的任意分配,各成员企业获得的最终利润取决于他们的相对风险规避度和在供应链中的影响力;第三,基于帕累托最优准则的收益共享契约能够平衡供应链成员企业间的利润与风险。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献