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对大脑的认知是人类认识自然和自身的终极挑战,脑科学研究的核心是理解脑功能的结构及物质基础。中科院在2012年启动了战略性先导科技专项(B类)"脑功能联结图谱计划"(Mapping Brain Functional Connections;简称:脑联接图谱;MBFC,2012—2020),目标是对特定脑功能的神经联结通路和网络结构的解析及模拟。专项代表了脑科学研究的战略制高点,对揭示脑的工作原理、推动智能科学技术进步、增进人类身心健康等方面都具有十分重要的意义。专项设立以来,在感知觉神经环路发育和功能、视觉与本能恐惧行为的神经环路机制、情绪的神经环路编码机制、成瘾和抑郁症等脑疾病机理、意识的神经基础、基因编译技术及脑疾病的非人灵长类模型、神经元分类和功能分析技术及其应用、神经环路双色钙成像方法、神经环路结构与功能研究工具开发、深度神经网络芯片研制,以及资源库与平台建设等方面取得了一系列重要的科学发现和技术研发进展。我们将进一步按照专项十年规划,开展脑认知科学、类脑人工智能技术、脑疾病早期诊断及干预3个前沿领域的科学研究,以及相关新技术研发和脑科技资源库建设,发挥中科院在脑与认知基础研究和技术研发等领域的引领作用。 相似文献
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脑疾病是我国乃至全球人口健康领域正面临的重大挑战。尽快部署脑疾病研究的中长期战略具有重大意义,将显著提升我国在该领域的国际竞争力,促进相关学科的发展以及新技术和新治疗途径的开发,实现脑疾病的精准医疗。脑疾病的研究正在从分子细胞机理、介观网络机制、生物标记物与分子分型、影像诊断和治疗策略研发等多个层面推进,其中介观网络研究是当前脑科学研究的新焦点,将填补分子细胞机理和宏观疾病症状之间的鸿沟。基于脑疾病的复杂性,非人灵长类动物可能是研究人类脑疾病的最优模型,我国在该领域具有明显优势;而脑疾病的早期诊断和早期干预是脑疾病治疗的关键,我国有丰富的临床资源库,亟需建立国际规范化、全国统一化的采样、处理、分析标准和共享的规则。此外,单细胞和单分子技术是微观研究的新趋势,也是精准医疗的关键技术,在解析复杂脑疾病机理方面具有重要的价值。 相似文献
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人类起源与中华民族的形成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、灵长类动物与人类灵长类在分类学上称为灵长目。这个目是生物中进化程度最高的一个目,它包括原猴类、猴类、猿类和人类,如果用分类学方法细分的话,可以分得非常详细,计有18个科161属,其中已绝灭7个科99属,现生者有11科62属222个种。由于高度进化,人类摆脱了自然界的控制,反过来用自己的智慧去利用和改造自然界。故称为智慧生物。因此在灵长类学研究中把灵长类区分为人类和灵长类动物,灵长类动物统称为非人灵长类。灵长类学研究内容非常广泛,现存种类统称为现生灵长类,古代已绝灭的种类称为古灵长类,又称化石灵长类。研究人类本身的科学… 相似文献
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代解杰,工作于中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医学生物学研究所,三级教授、博士生导师,主要从事实验动物饲养管理与标准化研究、人类疾病动物模型创建与应用研究。全国优秀科技工作者,云南省中青年学术技术带头人,云南省有突出贡献的优秀专业人员,中国实验动物学会常务理事,中国灵长类专业委员会主任委员,云南省实验动物产业技术创新战略联盟常务副理事长,《中国实验动物学报》《中国比较医学杂志》副主编。他是我国实验动物学研究领域的知名专家,致力于推动树鼩实验动物化与应用。 相似文献
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2001年11月，我们的学习记忆实验室，曾在国际上首次向人们讲述了果蝇面对矛盾的视觉线索时如何作出两难抉择的故事，它告诉人们，基于脑内的“价值系统”的抉择行为，也许不应被看作是人类或非人灵长类的“专利”。 相似文献
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现代脑成像技术为我们开启了从未有过的机遇:科学家可以在0.5秒和3毫米的时空精度上观测活体人类大脑的全脑功能活动。这再一次唤起人们全面解读长期以来的神秘话题——"心脑关联"(Brain-Mind Association:BMA)的兴趣。近20年来静息态功能磁共振成像技术迅速发展,该话题已被初步探索并在心脑关联和脑功能发育研究方面取得了一些进展。本文概要介绍这些进展和与之密切相关的人脑功能连接组研究框架,类比人类全基因组关联方法,指出人脑功能连接组关联方法是深入研究脑功能与各种心理行为特质或疾病之间关系的关键方法学框架之一,阐述其目前面临的主要困难、解决方向和思路。人类全功能连接组关联研究需要世界各国科学家的联合并大力提倡发现科学和开放式科学文化。中国目前在一些方法学研究领域获得了良好的声誉,未来研究中各科研院所(特别是中科院)应加大力度培养多学科交叉人才,为人类心脑关联研究标准的制定和最终应用做出贡献。 相似文献
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常见的人白化病作为一种隐性遗传病 ,目前还没有治愈的办法。虽然白化病没有象癌症一样的致死性危害 ,但也给患者带来了生活上的不便和持续性的痛苦。由于对这类遗传病病理等方面的研究难以在人体上直接进行 ,有关药物的开发也需要在恰当的实验动物身上进行临床前实验 ,因此寻找白化病的动物模型 ,尤其是灵长目动物模型 ,对攻克人类白化病无疑具有重要的意义。同时 ,一些珍稀的白化动物具有很高的观赏价值 ,深受人们的欢迎 ,研究这类动物的白化基因 ,对其繁育工作也有指导作用。自 80年代起 ,我所白寿昌先生等对猕猴白化现象进行了深入的研… 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献