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本文阐述了换热器强化换热的重要性和发展,从强化换热理念、强化换热途径(材料、结构、体积等)描述了换热器的强化换热。列举了一些典型的实例来具象化强化换热的应用。同时讲述了微通道换热器的应用和发展前景。最后,分析总结了强化换热过程中优势和不足。 相似文献
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本实验以水为工质，对截面尺寸为0.4mm×0.4mm水平布置的不锈钢矩形微槽内流动沸腾进行换热特性和可视化研究.质量流速范围为G＝62.5～187.5kg/m2s，进口温度分别为Tin＝30、45、 60°C.实验结果表明，在较低干度下，换热系数随着干度的增加而增加；干度较大时，换热系数保持不变直至换热恶化.质量流速的增加使换热系数有较大增加，进口温度的变化对换热系数几乎没有影响.可视化研究发现低壁面过热度时，有大量气泡产生；在本实验范围内，微槽内沸腾的流型主要有塞状流和环状流两种. 相似文献
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微型钢管外表面温度场可视化实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了准确测量微管外表面温度场的分布，并解决沿微管轴向导热对微管内部对流换热的影响，本文首次把非接触式测量温度方法引入到微尺度实验中。本次研究搭建了能够进行气体、液体流动与换热的微流动实验台，用蒸馏水作为工质，采用红外成像仪加专用红外放大镜头对微型钢管表面温度场作了可视化实验研究，得到了在Re数不变时，不同加热功率下内直径为168µm和外直径为406µm微型钢管外表面温度场的分布图，进而能得到了沿轴向温度对沿轴向长度的二次导数。建立简化的数学模型，并通过推导获得了沿轴向的导热对内部对流换热的关系式。实验与理论推导结果表明，在微圆管单相流情况下，其轴向的导热对管内对流换热影响很小，可以忽略不计。 相似文献
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采用分子动力学模拟方法对平板间液态金属的流动换热过程进行模拟.研究液态金属的微观热输运过程,左右两侧平板采用Cu原子作为恒温固壁,液态金属Pb处于平板间,以FCC结构为初始排列.模拟结果表明,在平板间的液态金属温度分布呈线性变化;不同温度下液态金属在恒温平板间的热输运模拟过程表明,平板间液态金属的热导率随温度的升高而增加,呈现线性变化.当在系统上施加一个重力加速度时,平板间未出现明显的自然对流,表明在微尺度下,边界阻力和粘滞力抑制了液态金属的自然对流. 相似文献
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涡轮叶栅端壁区的流动显示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在大尺寸低速开式叶栅传热风洞中对一种高压涡轮导向叶栅中的
流场进行了流动显示实验研究。分别采用线簇和小球浮动法对5个雷诺数下的叶栅端壁区三
维流场、叶片表面和端壁表面的流动进行了显示。实验结果表明：涡轮叶栅中有强烈的二次
流动,并存在复杂的涡系;三维流动区约占叶栅通道的40％;雷诺数的增大将增强端壁区的
三维流动。流场显示图片表明：叶片吸力面靠近端壁有角涡形成与发展,并存在一个三角形
区域;流场显示的通道涡大小与流场测量结果吻合。实验结果可用于分析端壁表面和
叶片表面换热特性的形成机理。 相似文献
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《科技通报》2018,(12)
建筑壁面与外界环境之间存在的能量传递,针对冬天风速的变化引起风速临界施加率变化对建筑壁面热流动过程造成的影响,提出冬季侧向风速临界施加率变化对建筑壁面热流动过程影响的实验研究。将室内空气、建筑壁面和热流计的换热过程当做一个动态系统,通过气流流动、辐射和温差系数得到建筑壁面热流动的换热系数,根据建筑物的换热情况构建建筑物的三维模型。在建筑物三维模型的基础上模拟不同风速下侧向风速临界施加率发生变化对建筑物壁面热流动过程产生的影响,实验结果表明,建筑壁面的全天得热和散热受风速的影响,建筑壁面散热量随着风速的减小而减小,建筑壁面的得热量随着风速的减小而增大,风速越小,建筑壁面的温度值越高。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献