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1.
Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(3):595
China has traditionally placed tremendous importance on agricultural research. Meanwhile, in recent years, sustainable agriculture has been increasingly highlighted in both policy agenda and the capital market. However, while terms like environmental friendliness, low carbon, organic and green agriculture have become buzzwords in the media, few meaningful discussions have been raised to examine the relationship between science and technology (S&T) development and sustainable agriculture. What''s more, some environmentalists stress that sustainable agriculture should abandon modern agriculture''s heavy reliance on science and industrialization, making the link between agricultural S&T and sustainable agriculture seem problematic. What is the truth? If S&T are to play an important role in advancing sustainable agriculture, what is the current status of the field? What factors have caused the sustainable development of agriculture in China? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), Hepeng Jia, commissioned by NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo, asked four scientists in the field to examine the dynamic relationship between sustainable agriculture and agricultural S&T in the Chinese context. Jikun Huang Agricultural economist at Peking University, Beijing, China Xiaofeng Luo Agricultural economist at Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Jianzhong Yan Agricultural and environmental scientist at Southwest University, Chongqing, China Yulong Yin Veterinary scientist at Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China Hepeng Jia (Chair) Science communication scholar at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA 相似文献
2.
Jane Qiu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(4):824
China has attached a great significance to bringing science to the public—known as kepu (科普, ‘science popularization’) or kexue chuanbo (科学传播, ‘science dissemination’)—in recent years, partly in response to its unprecedented push for innovation in science and technology. In 2018, it spent 16 billion yuan (US$2.3 billion) on such endeavours, nearly 80% of which was government funding, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology. With one science-education venue for every million people, approximately 76 million visits were made to the country''s 518 general-science museums and 142 million visits were made to 943 museums dedicated to a specific subject matter, such as the Geological Museum of China.In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s executive editor-in-chief, Mu-ming Poo, scientists, journalists and public-information officers discussed the differences in science communication between China and developed nations, the challenges and opportunities of raising scientific literacy in China, how it has played out in a wide range of controversial topics, from stem-cell research to climate change, and the importance of international collaboration. Tao Deng Director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Hepeng Jia Science journalist and science-communication scholar at Soochow University, Suzhou, China Brian Lin Director of the Editorial Content Strategy, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Joy Ma Manager of the Editorial Content, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Lai Xu Former chief editor of Guokr.com, Beijing, China Shi Yan Deputy director of the China Research Institute for Science Popularisation, Chinese Association of Science and Technology, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director of the Insitute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 相似文献
3.
Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(1):171
In recent years, Chinese scientists have achieved significant progress in paleontological discoveries and scientific studies. Series of studies published in top journals, such as Science, Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), have astonished the world by presenting beautiful fossils that furnish robust evidence to enrich the understanding of organismic evolution, major extinctions and stratigraphy. It has been portrayed as the heyday in the paleontology of China. What is the status of the field? What factors have caused the avalanche of fossil discoveries in China? What implications can these new discoveries provide for our understanding of current evolution theories? How, given their significant contribution to the world''s paleontology scholarship, can Chinese scientists play a due leadership role in the field? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), its associate editor-in-chief, Zhonghe Zhou, asked four scientists in the field as well as NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo to join the discussion. Jin Meng Paleobiologist at American Museum of Natural History Mu-ming Poo Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuzhong Shen Stratigrapher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuhai Xiao Paleobiologist and geobiologist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Zhonghe Zhou (Chair) Paleobiologist at Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences 相似文献
4.
Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(5):938
In the summer of 2003, a heat wave swept Europe and caused more than 70 000 additional fatalities [J.-M. Robine et al., C. R. Biologies331 (2008)]. Global warming and climate change is no longer a prophecy to be fulfilled, as strong heat waves and typhoons, as well as severe rainfalls, are becoming more severe. Extreme weather and climate events in the world, especially over Europe and North America, are widely studied and frequently reported in the media. These events may be related to the ongoing climate change. In this NSR forum, active researchers specialized in this field gather to discuss the climate and weather changes in China. They present the current changes, identify knowledge gaps, discuss the research difficulties, and propose ways forward to better serve the society with climate science. Ying Sun Professor at the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, China Qiuhong Tang Professor at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Zhongwei Yan Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jing Yang Professor at the Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, faculty of Geographic Science of Beijing Normal University, China Panmao Zhai Professor at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences of the China Meteorological Administration, and the current Co-Chair of the IPCC Working Group I, China Tianjun Zhou Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Deliang Chen (Chair) Professor at the University of Gothenburg, NSR Editorial Board member, Sweden 相似文献
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作为连接全球经济的纽带和新秩序博弈的焦点,跨境数据流动在极大提升跨国协作效率的同时,也面临着数据主权、国家安全、利益冲突、隐私保护、数据监管等问题。文章首先从数据要素的经济影响出发,梳理跨境数据流动对经济全球化的作用;进而,分析全球范围内跨境数据流动的制约因素,总结我国数据生产总值的优势和不足;最后,结合我国数字经济发展实践,提出有为政府与有效市场更好结合、推动数字隐私技术研发应用、发挥自贸区和自港区先行先试作用、实行分类分级的差别化监管政策、发起多边协定为国际数据治理提出中国方案、坚持系统思维引领数字经济全球化的政策建议,以期推动跨境数据安全有序流动,使我国更好地把握数字经济全球化的战略机遇。 相似文献
6.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2011,25(4):255-257
As a research professor at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Miguel Esteban is the first non-Chinese scientist to chair a major scientific research program in China. Born and educated in Spain and the UK, he worked in Madrid and London as a scholar and physician before joining GIBH in January 2008. Just two years after his arrival, in 2010, Professor Esteban was named by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology as the chief scientist of a five-year major research program on stem cell study with a grant up to 28 million yuan (about 4.4 million US dollars). The following is a brief interview between BCAS reporter XIN Ling and the Professor about his work and life in China. 相似文献
7.
Mingjie Zhang is a distinguished structural biologist whose research interest is the protein assemblies in cells, particularly those at the synapse, where two neurons meet and transmit nervous impulses from one to the other. In recent years, his group discovered the phenomenon of phase separation in both the pre- and post-synaptic sites of neurons and elucidated its regulation and physiological function. In this interview, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo talks with Prof. Zhang on the fast-developing research area of biological phase separation, as well as Zhang''s new role as the Founding Dean of the School of Life Sciences at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2009,23(4):203-207
As one of the domestic pioneers and internationally renowned experts on global change science, Prof. FU Congbin has been strongly involved in the study of climate variability and dynamics since the early 1980s. His research ranges from air-sea interaction to the aridity trend of northern China and the monsoon-driven ecosystems in East Asia. 相似文献
9.
The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is located in Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, and has its own characteristics among the universities in China. Established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), USTC is distinctively tinted with a scientific color. It is also famous for its ‘Special Class for the Gifted Young’ and is considered one of the best Chinese universities in the fields of science and technology (S&T). Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Xinhe Bao, the President of USTC, about the characteristics of the university and the education and research in China. Xinhe Bao is an academician of CAS and has made seminal contributions in catalysis and energy chemistry in the past decades. Before joining USTC, he had worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS and Fudan University (Shanghai), and thus possesses an in-depth understanding of the education and research in China. 相似文献
10.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
Under the auspices of the Academic Divisions of both the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)and the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)and Science Times,a selection of the 10 most significant S&T developments in China in 2007 was recently made in Beijing.Some 540 Members of CAS and CAE took part in the voting.Its results were released on 20 January. 相似文献
11.
With the approval of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the German Ministry of Science & Education, this year will see the establishment of another MPG junior research group at the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ). The institute has been seeking all over the world for a scientist to head the group. The first such group was set up at the KIZ in 2001, with Dr. Wang Wen from the University of Chicago as its head. 相似文献
12.
The University of Surrey (referred to as Surrey hereafter) is one of the renowned universities in the UK that was established on 9 September 1966 with the grant of its Royal Charter and its roots go back to Battersea Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1891. Surrey is the research hub of small satellites, mobile telecommunication and artificial intelligence in Europe. In 2016, Surrey was named as ‘University of the Year’ in the UK and, in February 2018, Surrey won the Queen''s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education (Surrey''s fourth award)—the highest national award for the UK universities, in recognition of the outstanding contribution of Surrey to nutrition and health.The president and vice chancellor of Surrey, Professor Max Lu, took this position in 2016 and is also the first scholar of Chinese origin to be the leader of a British university. Before he joined Surrey, he was the provost and senior vice president at the University of Queensland in Australia. Professor Lu is not only a talented leader in education field, but also a distinguished scientist in materials chemistry and nanotechnology area. He has been honored with numerous awards, including the Orica Award, RK Murphy Medal, China International Science and Technology Award and Medal of the Order of Australia, etc. He has been also appointed to the Prime Minister''s Council for Science and Technology and the Board of UK Research and Innovation, etc. The rich experience and open-mindedness lead to his profound insights into higher education around the world. Lately elected as a fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) and foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Lu shared his broad and deep perspectives on higher education with National Science Review during his travel in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
1951年4月，北京市政府在"清华以南，海淀以东，京绥铁路以西，大泥湾以北"地带为中国科学院"保留相当发展用地"。1953年10月，中国科学院入主此地，这里从此有了"大名"——中关村。截至1966年，中国科学院直属研究机构118个，分布在北京的有28个，其中22个在中关村地区。1980年10月，陈春先在此创立"北京等离子体学会先进技术发展服务部"，并拉开了"中关村电子一条街"的序幕。1988年5月，北京新技术产业开发试验区在"电子一条街"基础上诞生。1999年5月，国务院决定加快建设中关村科技园区，从此，中关村超越了地域的概念，而成为高科技的象征符号。中关村的辉煌是与中国科学院的发展与体制改革密不可分的。 相似文献
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15.
Chen-Ning Yang ( ) is the most distinguished Chinese theoretical physicist. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he formulated the Yang–Mills Gauge Theory, which led to the development of the Standard Model, the leading framework for understanding particle physics. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee ( ) proposed the possibility of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Besides these two major achievements, Yang made many other seminal contributions to particle physics, statistical physics and condensed matter physics. At the end of 2003, Yang returned to China from the US and established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in Beijing. NSR’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo ( ), a neurobiologist, and Alexander Wu Chao ( ), an accelerator physicist at Stanford University, talked with Professor Yang on a variety of topics, ranging from his retrospective view on Yang–Mills theory, on his contemporary physicists, on tastes in scientific research, and on the current and future developments of Chinese science. The following is an excerpt from this conversation that took place on 21 March 2019 at Tsinghua University, Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Chao Gu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)
Throughout history, gender inequality has persisted in most parts of the world. Since the founding of the People''s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, substantial progress has been made towards gender equality in China. Today, a large number of Chinese women scientists are making significant contributions to advance science. However, are they facing gender discrimination in hiring and promotion? Do they have access to the same opportunities as their male colleagues? What are the potential approaches to further promote gender equality in China''s scientific community given myriad unfavorable social factors? Recently, NSR invited five Chinese female scientists and two gender experts to discuss these issues. Here are their observations and suggestions. Bing LiuProfessor at the Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University Jun LuSenior Engineer at Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, and Deputy Chief Designer of BeiDou Grounded Test and Validation System Chih-chen WangProfessor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hongyang WangPresident of the China Women''s Association for Science and Technology (CWAST), Director of the National Center for Science in Liver Cancer Xiaoyun WangC. N. Yang Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University Yan ZhengChair Professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Wenpei Tang (Chair)Professor at the School of Health Humanities, Peking University 相似文献
17.
Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1163
Professor Feng Shao at National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing is a well-known immunologist. He has made a series of fundamental contributions to the fields of pathogen-host interactions and innate immune response mechanisms. Professor Weihong Tan at Hunan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University is a world-renowned scholar in bioanalytical chemistry and chemical biology. He developed a number of chemical tools that expended the extent of molecular medicine and may turn into useful clinical diagnosis and treatment tools. In May 2019, National Science Review (NSR) had an interview with Professors Feng Shao and Weihong Tan. The two scientists, both trained at University of Michigan for their PhD study, have different research directions, but share the same basic scientific vision: to solve human health-related fundamental problems by illuminating and making use of the underlying molecular mechanisms. They also share similar opinions on biomedical research methods and scientific career development. 相似文献
18.
为了解我国生命科学领域近年发展态势、优势及存在问题,对中国科学院北京片区生命领域研究所2008－2017年国家自然科学基金项目的申请和资助情况进行分析, 通过对重点项目、面上项目、人才项目等不同类型项目的具体分析,了解中科院京区7所近10年争取基金项目的整体趋势、优势与不足,以及基金项目对中科院京区7所科研能力提升的支撑作用,探讨在新形势下如何发挥中国科学院的优势力量,进一步推动基础前沿科学研究,为中科院基础研究发展提供决策参考,实现前瞻性基础研究和引领性原创成果的重大突破。 相似文献
19.
中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所成立于1957年，是中央级公益性科学研究机构，以畜禽和牧草为主要研究对象，以资源研究和品种培育为基础，以生物技术为手段，以营养与饲养技术研究为保障，以生产优质安全畜禽产品为目标，开展动物遗传资源与育种、动物生物技术与繁殖、动物营养与饲料、草业科学、动物医学、畜产品质量安全等学科领域的应用基础和应用技术研究，着重解决国家全局性、关键性、方向性、基础性的重大科技问题。国家自然科学基金对于提升研究所承担国家科技任务的能力、增强基础研究自主创新能力、支撑产业发展、培养人才队伍、扩大国际学术影响等方面发挥着重要作用。
本文在总结分析“十二五”以来中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所申请国家自然科学基金项目数、获资助项目数、受资助率和学科领域分布等基本情况基础上，从国家宏观层面、研究所中观层面和科学基金精细化管理微观层面等三个层面入手，分析了中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所承担国家自然科学基金的总体发展态势，开展了中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所国家自然科学基金资助项目增长驱动分析；从宣传科学基金文化、建立科学基金申报动员机制、严格审核机制、学术把关机制等方面入手，总结了研究所国家自然科学基金精细化组织管理经验。同时，针对研究所承担科学基金存在的差距，提出了研究所战略布局顶层设计、学科发展构建、人才队伍建设等方面的设想，提出了挖掘科学基金申报潜力、拓宽申请类型、提高申报质量、提升项目档次等措施，以期进一步提高国家自然科学基金的管理和服务水平，努力把研究所的科学基金工作推向一个新的阶段，为创建世界一流农业科研院所、建设创新型国家提供强有力的科技支撑和智力支撑。 相似文献
20.
Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was established in 1957 and it is a national multi-discipline research organization in the field of animal sciences. The Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences sets up 5 research departments, namely: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Animal Biotechnology and Reproduction, Animal Germplasm Resources and Production, Grassland Science and Veterinary Medicine as well as a central laboratory for chemical analysis. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences carries out applied and fundamental research and technical development and research with swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats as main research objectives. The institute puts emphasis on the areas of germplasm resources, genetics and breeding, reproduction, feed science, nutrition and animal bio-technology, veterinary medicine, in order to solve the scientific and technical problems in animal production which are crucial, basic, commonly encountered or orientation-determining for the animal production. Moreover it is also engaged in organizing and coordinating key national research projects, extension of research achievements and advanced techniques, training of high-ranking scientists and technicians, promotion of domestic and international scientific exchange and collaboration.
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) plays an important role in promoting the ability of undertaking national scientific and technical projects, enhancing the basic research and independent innovation, supporting the industrial development, training research teams and extending the international academic influence for the Institute of Animal Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Based on the summary and analysis of the number of applications and projects funded by NSFC, the funded rate and the distribution of disciplines and fields since the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan from the Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, we analyzed the overall development trend and the major driving factors of the growth on projects supported by NSFC from Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in three aspects. They are the macro level of the State, the medium level of the institute and the micro-level of NSFC′s delicacy management. Besides, we summarize the refined managerial experience of the institute′s projects funded by NSFC, propagate the culture of NSFC and build up the mechanism of mobilization and examination. Furthermore, based on the gap of the National Natural Science Foundation of China undertaken in our institute, we put forward some ideas about designing the strategic layout in top-level, constructing and developing the discipline and training the talent team. Meanwhile, we also take some measures to tap potential in the application of NSFC, widen application type and increase application quality. At last, we expect to further improve the management and service level of NSFC and move forward the work of NSFC into a new phase, which will provide strong scientific and intellectual support for establishing world-class agricultural research institution and innovation-oriented country. 相似文献