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1.
本文设计了一种通用的温室智能控制系统,可以实时监测和控制温室的环境参数,实现对空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、光照强度、烟雾和火焰等的精确控制.通过Wi-Fi和蓝牙无线控制实现安全防盗功能.该系统包括四个子系统:温度控制系统、智能报警系统、数据采集系统和数据传输与处理系统. 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104600
Innovative industries need efficient markets for technology (MFTs). One determinant of MFT efficiency neglected until now is licensing level—that is, the level in the value chain where patents are licensed. Patents may be licensed upstream, to firms that put the patented knowledge into practice. I refer to this as integrated licensing. Alternatively, patents may be licensed further downstream in the value chain, in particular to makers of final devices. I call this bifurcated licensing since it separates intellectual property rights from the technical knowledge they cover. I study the licensing level of essential patents on communication standards such as LTE and Wi-Fi in relation to the Internet of Things (IoT). The choice of licensing level in this context is currently a hotly debated topic. To show how bifurcated licensing affects MFT efficiency, I present empirical evidence from a qualitative study comprising interviews with 30 individuals from 22 diverse firms, focusing on startups. IoT device makers clearly find the uncertainty regarding infringement, patent validity, and the licensing process hinders efficient licensing, which is compounded by the large number of IoT device makers and, for SMEs and startups, by resource constraints. As a theory contribution, I show that a patent's licensing level need not correspond with the implementation level of the patented knowledge—in other words, licensing may be bifurcated rather than integrated. I develop a model of how licensing level affects MFT efficiency. Implications for practice are that device-level licensing of standard-essential patents (SEPs), if broadly implemented, would have a negative effect on innovation and entrepreneurship in the IoT. Policymakers should ensure that SEP licensing is simplified. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2023,360(8):5354-5374
In this paper, we provide a methodology to evaluate the capacity of a Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) supported Internet of Things (IoT) system in which a large number of low cost low power IoT devices transmit and receive sporadic data. Numerous IoT devices are supported by a single cell Massive MIMO base station (BS) with maximum-ratio (MR) processing. Orthogonal reference signals (RSs) or pilots are assigned randomly to all the IoT devices for channel estimation purpose. The number of simultaneously active IoT devices follows Poisson distribution. Due to the tremendous number of IoT devices, orthogonal RSs are heavily reused, which severely degrades the receiver signal quality. One of the most important performance criteria for this kind of system is the blocking probability which shows the percentage of the outage IoT devices, and how we maintain the low blocking probability while supporting all the IoT devices simultaneously is particularly important. Due to RS reuse, we can divide IoT devices into two groups based on their interference levels. We provide detailed theoretical analyses, and show that the blocking primarily happens to the group with higher interference level. Increasing the number of service antennas and/or reducing the number of IoT devices can help to improve the performance of the blocking probability, however there is a regime in which the parameter adjustment helps little to improve the performance. Based on these factors, we provide a useful algorithm to improve the performance of blocking probability. A number of simulation results are also provided to validate the theoretical analysis. 相似文献
4.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(1):103155
This paper presents a continuous delivery/continuous verifiability (CD/CV) method for IoT dataflows in edge–fog–cloud. A CD model based on extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) mechanism as well as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) construction, enable end-users to create efficient schemes for the continuous verification and validation of the execution of applications in edge–fog–cloud infrastructures. This scheme also verifies and validates established execution sequences and the integrity of digital assets. CV model converts ETL and DAG into business model, smart contracts in a private blockchain for the automatic and transparent registration of transactions performed by each application in workflows/pipelines created by CD model without altering applications nor edge–fog–cloud workflows. This model ensures that IoT dataflows delivers verifiable information for organizations to conduct critical decision-making processes with certainty. A containerized parallelism model solves portability issues and reduces/compensates the overhead produced by CD/CV operations. We developed and implemented a prototype to create CD/CV schemes, which were evaluated in a case study where user mobility information is used to identify interest points, patterns, and maps. The experimental evaluation revealed the efficiency of CD/CV to register the transactions performed in IoT dataflows through edge–fog–cloud in a private blockchain network in comparison with state-of-art solutions. 相似文献