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随着经济生活中的各种冲突竞争日益增多，如何分析这些错综复杂现象，对策论作为一种数学工具对此提供了分析框架。本文结合案例，介绍了两种基本模型：二人零和对策和二人非零和对策，并对这些模型的结构、模型解及其实际背景进行了讨论，指出：（１）与零和对策相比，非零和对策更接近于现实的经济生活；（２）对策论对经济竞争冲突结果的求出，从根本上说是一种概率预示；（３）对策论可以激发人们以一种新的方法思考理解经济生活中的竞争冲突现象。 相似文献
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赵景柱 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,(1)
《和─合成模糊对策的模糊核》［１］建立了和一合成模糊对策模型，并研究了这一模型的模糊核。本文定义了和一合成模糊对策的模糊稳定集，并进一步研究了这种对策的模糊稳定集与子对策模糊稳定集的关系。 相似文献
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本文分析了当前我国中小企业技术创新还存在一些不容忽视的问题，针对我国国情提出了促进中小企业技术创新的对策，同时也提出了中小企业自身的创新对策。 相似文献
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当前网络安全现状与电子图书馆安全对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
当前网络安全问题越来越严重，而其对策也逐渐受到重视。本文从电子图书馆的建设角度出发．讨论了图书馆应对当前网络安全问题的一些对策。 相似文献
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关于提高科技期刊发展力的思考 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
阐释了科技期刊发展力的概念和内涵，分析了提高科技期刊发展力的现实意义，探讨了科技期刊发展力的主要构成要素，提出了提高科技期刊发展力的对策思路。 相似文献
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建立现代企业安全管理体系是我们提高安全管理水平的努力方向。着重讨论了企业现代安全管理模式中“三E”对策,即管理工程对策、工程技术对策、安全教育对策的原理、方法和应用进行了阐述,“三E”对策的对策的实施对提高科学化、规范化、标准化的安全管理水平,加强生产过程中的安全保障能力,起到了重要的作用,减少了事件（事故）的发生。 相似文献
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本文介绍了数字图书馆信息的不安全因素及常见的攻击手段，探讨了相应的信息安全对策。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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Benoît Godin 《Research Policy》2004,33(8):1217-1229
High technology is a concept much in vogue in OECD countries, for it is a symbol of an “advanced” economy. This paper looks at why and how the concept and its indicator acquired such fame. It explains that the reason has to do with the fact that the indicator emerged in the context of debates on the competitiveness of countries and their efforts to maintain or improve their positions in world trade. The first part looks at the early statistics behind the indicator (R&D/sales), statistics developed in official analyses of industrial R&D surveys before the 1950s. The second part traces the evolution of the R&D/sales ratio in the 1960s through its use as an indicator of research or technological intensity. The third part discusses the internationalization of the indicator via the OECD. 相似文献
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披碱草属与大麦属系统关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卢宝荣 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1997,35(3):193-207
禾本科中，披碱草属Elymus L.为多倍体属，约含150余种；大麦属Hordeum L.具二倍体和多倍体，约有40余种，该两属均广泛地分布于全球温带地区。该两属，尤其是披碱草属的系统分类较为困难。基于形态学的传统研究认为这两个属的系统关系较远，而细胞学研究的资料却表明，披碱草属的H染色体组起源于大麦属。笔者对来源不同的披碱草属和大麦属的物种进行了远缘杂交，并对其属间杂种F1的减数分裂中期I染色体配对行为进行了分析。结果表明，若以披碱草属作母本，该两属有相对较高的杂交亲合力，通过对杂种幼胚进行分割和离体培养，也能获得杂种F1植株。属间杂种植株的形态介于双亲之间，但更接近于披碱草属，杂种的生殖器官发育不健全，而且所有的杂种F1均完全不育。细胞学的观察结果表明，这两个属间的杂种F1通常具有较低的减数分裂中期I染色体配对数，但有较大的变异。通过笔者的工作及掌握的形态学和细胞学的资料分析认为：披碱草属和大麦属的亲缘关系较为复杂，不能一概而论。含H染色体组的披碱草属和大麦属物种有着较近的亲缘关系，但这两个属中所含的H染色体组已产生了程度不同的分化；不含H染色体组的披碱草属及大麦属的物种具有较远的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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The effect of administration of N-acetylcysteine on ethanol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was studied both biochemically
and histopathologically in experimental rats. The liver samples taken after twentyfour hours from the paracetamol administered
normal and alcoholic animals showed high degree of necrosis and related pathological changes. In the N-acetylcysteine treated
alcoholic rats and in the N-acetylcysteine pretreated paracetamol administered rats, the liver cells showed very little change
and appeared almost normal as evidenced by the histopathological studies. The activities of serum transaminases and phosphatases
were also high both in the alcohol treated and in the paracetamol administered animals. N-acetylcysteine treated animals partly
restored the serum transaminase and phosphatase activities, and the activities of the antiperoxidative enzymes. There was
also significant change in the serum and tissue lipid levels, and in the concentration of the tissue lipid peroxidation product-malondialdehyde
in both the alcohol treated and in the paracetamol administered groups. N-acetylcysteine treatment brought the serum and tissue
lipid levels, and the tissue malondialdehyde content towards normal. 相似文献
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本文基于中国制造业细分行业的数据对创新效率进行测算,实证考察行业中互联网的使用对创新效率的影响,并选取行业竞争程度作为门槛变量,以分析行业竞争程度如何影响互联网与创新效率的关系。研究发现：互联网的使用对创新效率具有促进作用,考虑到可能存在内生性问题,经过一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。门槛效应检验结果显示：当行业竞争程度较强时,存在逃离竞争效应,即互联网对创新效率存在促进作用;随着竞争程度的减弱,促进作用也逐渐减弱;当竞争程度超过第二个门槛值时,即竞争程度较低时,这种促进作用转为抑制作用。研究结论对如何更有效地利用“互联网+”推动传统制造业转型升级具有重要现实意义。 相似文献
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This paper examines the category of "Woman" within the metastructure of a system of knowledge organization. We trace the subject scheme used to list books about women in a standard bibliographic guide over the first three-quarters of the twentieth century.Building on the feminist critique of subject representation, our analysis documents how the category was continually constructed over time, providing evidence of multiplication, isolation, and confusion in the process. The outcome is a framework that fails to capture the complex nature of knowledge about women and conceals relationships to the larger body of knowledge. The case of this legacy system exemplifies problems associated with representing the complexity and integration of knowledge and provides a basis for considering the potential residual impacts of current information organization and navigation systems. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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木材构造特征在裸子植物系统学中的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据木材构造特征的进化趋势对裸子植物，特别是松杉纲内各目、科的系统位置和等级
进行了探讨。笔者认为：1．南洋杉科可从松杉目中独立出来成立南洋杉目。2．银杏更近于松杉目而与苏铁科有明显区别。3．罗汉松科、三尖杉科和红豆杉科应置于南洋杉科之后，松科之前，三尖杉科与红豆杉科亲缘关系更接近。4．建立金松科是合理的。5．为侧柏从崖柏属中分出成立侧柏属补充了木材方面的证据。6．进一步探讨了松科中一些属的系统位置，并建议松属可区分为三个亚属。7．穗花杉属置于红豆杉科中更为合适。 8. 同意郑万钧在铁杉属内建立长苞铁杉组。合并黄山松和台湾松。 相似文献
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This study illustrates design optimization for multiple wind towers located at different villages in Alaska. The towers are supported by two different types of foundations: large mat or deep piles foundations. Initially, a reinforced concrete (RC) mat foundation was proposed. Where soil conditions required it, a pile foundation solution was devised utilizing a 30 in thick RC mat containing an embedded steel grillage of W18 beams and supported by 20-24 in grouted or un-grouted piles. For faster installation and lower construction cost, all-steel foundations were proposed for these remote Alaska sites. The new all-steel design was found to reduce the natural frequencies of the structural system due to softening the foundation. Thus, the tower-foundation system could potentially become near-resonant with the operational frequencies of the wind turbine. Consequently, the likelihood of structural damage or even the collapse is increased.A detailed 3D finite-element model of the tower-foundation-pile system with RC foundation was created using SAP2000. Soil springs were included in the model based on soil properties obtained from the geotechnical investigation. The natural frequency from the model was verified against the tower manufacturer analytical and experimental values. When piles were used, numerous iterations were carried out to eliminate the need for the RC and optimize the design. An optimized design was achieved with enough separation between the natural and operational frequencies. The design successfully avoids damage to the structural system, while eliminating the need for any RC in most cases. 相似文献