共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This paper analyzes the effect of university research centers on the productivity and collaboration patterns of university faculty. University research centers are an important subject for policy analysis insofar that they have become the predominant policy response to scientific and technical demands that have not been met by extant institutions, including academic departments, private firms, and government laboratories. Specifically, these centers aim to organize researchers from across the disciplines and sectors which, collectively as a research unit, possess the scientific and technical capacity relevant to scientific and technical goals of the sponsoring agencies. In this paper, we measure the productivity and collaboration patterns of university researchers affiliated with a relatively large-scale and “mature” university research center to discern the effects, if any, of the center mechanism on individual scientists and engineers. Based on an analysis of longitudinal bibliometric data, the results from this case study demonstrate affiliation with the center to be effective at enhancing overall productivity as well as at facilitating cross-discipline, cross-sector, and inter-institutional productivity and collaborations. 相似文献
2.
There is a lack of understanding regarding the optimal conditions for interdisciplinary research. This study investigates what characteristics of researchers are associated with disciplinary and interdisciplinary research collaborations and what collaborations are most rewarding in different scientific disciplines. Our results confirm that female scientists are more engaged in interdisciplinary research collaborations. Further, a scientist's years of research experience are positively related with both types of collaboration. Work experience in firms or governmental organizations increases the propensity of interdisciplinary collaborations, but decreases that of disciplinary collaborations. Disciplinary collaborations occur more frequent in basic disciplines; interdisciplinary collaborations more in strategic disciplines. We also found that in both types of disciplines, disciplinary collaborations contribute more to career development than interdisciplinary collaborations. We conclude with three recommendations for science and innovation policy, while emphasising the need to distinguish between different scientific disciplines. 相似文献
3.
Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although the literature on university-industry links has begun to uncover the reasons for, and types of, collaboration between universities and businesses, it offers relatively little explanation of ways to reduce the barriers in these collaborations. This paper seeks to unpack the nature of the obstacles to collaborations between universities and industry, exploring influence of different mechanisms in lowering barriers related to the orientation of universities and to the transactions involved in working with university partners. Drawing on a large-scale survey and public records, this paper explores the effects of collaboration experience, breadth of interaction, and inter-organizational trust on lowering different types of barriers. The analysis shows that prior experience of collaborative research lowers orientation-related barriers and that greater levels of trust reduce both types of barriers studied. It also indicates that breadth of interaction diminishes the orientation-related, but increases transaction-related barriers. The paper explores the implications of these findings for policies aimed at facilitating university-industry collaboration. 相似文献
4.
The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners. 相似文献
5.
【目的/意义】探究国家之间科研合作的倾向性、不平等性及空间集聚模式,为促进国家间科研合作提供理
论依据。【方法/过程】以 WoS中 1978-2018年科学计量学领域的合著文献为基础,通过合作强度、合作强度相似度
反映合作的倾向性,基于基尼系数提出合作不平等性测度指标。同时借助全局、局部空间自相关理论分析科研合
作的空间集聚模式。【结果/结论】科学计量学领域的科学研究具有较强的集中趋势;合作不平等性与合作频次呈递
减关系,合作频次越高的国家之间的合作地位越趋于平等;全球范围的合作强度与合作广度均呈显著空间正相关。
欧洲与北美形成了两大科研合作的高-高集聚区,非洲形成了多个低-低集聚区,而亚洲形成了多个低-高或高-低
的异质集聚区。【创新/局限】本文相较地理距离更进一步探究了科研合作的空间相关关系,后续研究中将加入时间
维度分析科研合作的时空演化特征。 相似文献
6.
The history of science shows a shift from single-investigator ‘little science’ to increasingly large, expensive, multinational, interdisciplinary and interdependent ‘big science’. In physics and allied fields this shift has been well documented, but the rise of collaboration in the life sciences and its effect on scientific work and knowledge has received little attention. Research in biology exhibits different historical trajectories and organisation of collaboration in field and laboratory – differences still visible in contemporary collaborations such as the Census of Marine Life and the Human Genome Project. We employ these case studies as strategic exemplars, supplemented with existing research on collaboration in biology, to expose the different motives, organisational forms and social dynamics underpinning contemporary large-scale collaborations in biology and their relations to historical patterns of collaboration in the life sciences. We find the interaction between research subject, research approach as well as research organisation influencing collaboration patterns and the work of scientists. 相似文献
7.
现有校企联盟研究的文献主要涉及大学和企业合作的原因和合作方式,但很少关注缓解校企合作障碍的方法研究。本文在分析校企合作存在障碍的基础上,探索了不同机制对缓解校企合作中方向型障碍和交易型障碍的影响。以大型调查和公共记录数据为基础,研究了校企合作经验、互动广度和组织间信任对缓解不同类型障碍的影响。研究表明校企合作经验可降低方向型障碍,组织间信任程度较高可降低方向型和交易型障碍。研究还表明,广泛互动可降低方向型障碍,但对降低交易型障碍的影响不显著。 相似文献
8.
Research collaboration is a key mechanism for linking distributed knowledge and competencies into novel ideas and research venues. The need for effective inter-institutional knowledge flows is of particular importance in emerging domains of research, and also a challenge for public research systems with a high degree of institutional differentiation. Motivated by concerns about favorable institutional conditions for the conduct of scientific research, we analyze research collaboration in the emergent domain of nanoscience within the highly segmented German public research system. Drawing on multiple data sources, such as co-publications, macro research statistics, and in-depth interviews, we identify governance structures that support or hinder scientists’ efforts to engage in collaborative work relations across institutional boundaries. 相似文献
9.
基于ERGM模型的技术合作网络结构效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虽然结构嵌入在技术合作过程中的重要性已受到学者重视,但仅停留在结构特征统计描述层面,并不足以揭示技术合作背后的因果机制。从网络视角,将技术合作影响因素划分为内生和外生两方面,通过ERGM模型,重点考察不同结构嵌入效应,以揭示技术合作网络生成机制。基于石墨烯领域合作专利的实证研究发现：技术合作倾向于嵌入闭合三角结构,而非星型结构、2-路径,说明闭合性是技术合作网络形成的关键内生机制;外生性因素方面,表现出强烈的地理同配倾向。研究结果说明网络结构是技术合作关系社会化特征的反映,技术合作是内生、外生因素交织结果。 相似文献
10.
基于模体的科学家合作网络基元特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于复杂网络构建科学家合作网络并分析其全局结构特征,是理解科学家间合作机制的重要手段和研究热点。实际上,辨识其局部结构可以进一步增进对合作机制的理解。基于复杂网络局部结构研究的前沿理念和方法——模体,构建并辨析若干大型科学家合作网络的基元特征:模体特性、子图浓度以及子图自下而上的组合机制。研究表明不同领域科学家合作网络的模体与反模体形式具有共性特征,网络的子图相对浓度则因不同领域科学家之间合作强度及网络发展程度差异而具有不同的分布特征。此外,科学家合作网络具有相似的自下而上构建机制。研究提供了基于模体的科学家合作网络结构辨识方法。 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103829
Divergent time norms between participating organizations constitute a central barrier to cross-sectoral collaborations. We unpack this tension by studying two distinct time-utilization strategies of university and industry in 1845 R&D consortia. The paper shows that collaborating organizations that are subject to divergent time norms can shift the time focus in their favor through the strategic timing of repeated ties. If university-industry consortia are repeated, this repetition tends to take place either at the beginning of the consortium (parallel timing) or at the end (sequential timing) but typically not in the middle. Industry partners seek to “compress time” by working on different consortia in parallel and therefore want to repeat a collaboration early, whereas universities seek to “extend time” through sequential timing of consortia, i.e., repeat a collaboration at the end or after a consortium has ended. We provide a qualitative substantiation of the identified time-utilization strategies and show that both options coexist in multipartner consortia. 相似文献
12.
Research collaboration and research output: A longitudinal study of 65 biomedical scientists in a New Zealand university 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Collaborative research has been increasingly celebrated by the science community, but the hypothesized positive relationship between research collaboration and research output is more assumed than rigorously tested. In this paper, we identify three methodological gaps in the literature: (a) hierarchical coding based on the ISI Web of Science database causes severe loss of information on local collaboration, (b) the relationship between research collaboration and research output is likely to be confounded by a common latent variable such as a scientist's ability, and (c) the lack of longitudinal analysis prevents causal inferences from being made. To address these methodological concerns, we constructed a longitudinal dataset of 65 biomedical scientists at a New Zealand university and coded collaboration variables by hand checking each of their publications in a period of 14 years. We found that at article level, both within-university collaboration and international collaboration are positively related to an article's quality and that, at scientist-year level, only international collaboration is positively related to a scientist's future research output. 相似文献
13.
尤洋 《科学技术与辩证法》2013,(6):17-20
以维基百科为代表的网络合作创造了一种全新的知识生产方式,并从认识论上提出了新的问题和挑战,文章关注了这些问题并对集体合作的认识论研究展开深入的分析和思考。文章指出维基百科与科学的四种认识文化差异,认为维基百科知识可以被视为一种认识论研究中的集体陈词,这种集体陈词具有较强的可辩护性,维基百科并不能取代专家作用,但是却能够生成一种认识平均主义模型从而打破知识特权实现知识权利的转移和流动。 相似文献
14.
15.
基于组织类型和区域边界两个维度将跨区域研发合作划分为四种模式,采用北京、上海和广东三大典型区域1985-2008年的发明专利数据,考察了三类主要邻近性因素对不同跨区域研发合作模式的影响。结果表明:地理邻近对跨区域企业间、跨区域学研机构间合作的影响均不显著;技术邻近对跨区域研发合作模式影响大多为负;关系邻近对跨区域研发合作模式影响大多为正,且这种正向作用在跨区域企业间、跨区域学研机构间的合作中尤为突出。最后,结合区域创新资源配置和跨区域知识流动方式,对我国典型地区的跨区域研发合作主导模式及邻近性的不同作用进行了讨论。 相似文献
16.
Recent research in information systems (IS) has focused on the application of social theory in general and Anthony Gidden's structuration theory in particular to help reveal how technical systems can support or hinder human interaction in societal, organizational, and personal contexts. This article examines the potential of structuration theory to facilitate an understanding of social and organizational issues that surround collaboration using new technologies. 相似文献
17.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103837
Most Engineering and Technology (E&T) graduates in emerging countries are not educated to the same quality level as E&T graduates in advanced countries, and this may require firms to make significant on-the-job training investments to prepare these graduates for R&D positions. In this paper, we present research findings from a study of 10 firms located in India (both multinationals and local firms), through 65 interviews and extensive secondary data, to establish how these firms form teaching-focused collaborations with universities to train students with the pre-requisite skills necessary for R&D operations while simultaneously reducing on-the-job training investment. We suggest the viability of teaching-focused industry-academia (I-A) collaborations as a talent recruitment strategy in emerging countries. We also demonstrate the potential of such collaborations to provide an alternative to the traditional graduate recruitment and development model: ‘on-the-job training’. Through the identification of different forms of teaching-focused I-A collaborations aimed at enhancing both theoretical knowledge and industry and firm-specific practical and applied skills in graduates, along with their associated drivers and challenges, this paper strengthens a much-neglected dimension of the I-A collaboration literature: the role of collaborative activities for teaching between industry and university. 相似文献
18.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):151-167
Cross‐sector collaborations to perform R&D are on the increase, but they do involve various risks for each of the partners. Project risks in such ventures are explored through a case study, a successful collaboration involving an Australian Cooperative Research Centre and Ciba Vision, a division of the Swiss multi‐national Novartis. The analysis examines the project's success factors and its risks. The reputation of researchers, the development of mutual trust among the partners, and the importance of credible commitments made at project initiation are three key factors contributing to the success of commercially focused R&D collaborations. 相似文献
19.
Recent research in information systems (IS) has focused on the application of social theory in general and Anthony Gidden's structuration theory in particular to help reveal how technical systems can support or hinder human interaction in societal, organizational, and personal contexts. This article examines the potential of structuration theory to facilitate an understanding of social and organizational issues that surround collaboration using new technologies. 相似文献
20.
科研团队是大科学时代最基本的科研组织形式,但现实中科研团队缺乏有效合作却成为中国科技发展痼疾。论文从科研团队合作网络角度分析对科研团队合作紧密程度的影响因素,并以华南地区部分高校92个团队为样本进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)小规模团队(10人以下)在合作网络密度与合作强度上均优于大规模团队(25人以上),且成立时间短的团队合作程度最高;(2)样本团队成员中不同学科背景对学术合作没有显著影响,也反映现实中团队成员跨学科合作并没有有效实现;(3)团队角色的完整性与均衡性对合作网络密度、合作强度有显著正向作用,表明团队角色完整性与均衡性对团队有效合作至关重要;(4)团队冲突对科研合作有负向作用。为此,在推动高校科研团队发展中应尽可能控制团队规模;尤其要注重团队中角色的完整性与均衡性,团队成员需要有明确的角色与功能分工;建立规则化解冲突机制,减少合作冲突。 相似文献