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数字创新生态系统的治理机制 《科学学研究》2021,39(6):965-969
数字创新生态系统存在创新要素数字化、参与主体虚拟化、主体间关系生态化等鲜明特征,为创新生态系统治理带来挑战。本研究从数字创新生态系统的特征及治理困境入手,构建数字创新生态系统的治理理论框架,从关系机制、激励机制、控制机制三个方面,构建了基于数字平台构建、数字技术应用及数字资源协同的创新生态系统治理机制。 相似文献
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基于试探性治理理论,构建包括治理利基、治理范围、治理过程、治理目标、治理时间和治理主体六要素的分析框架,对2011—2019年新一代信息技术产业政策试探性程度的演化特征进行分析。研究认为,1)就单个要素而言,治理利基与治理主体的试探性程度呈逐步下降的趋势,治理过程和治理目标试探性程度呈先增后减的趋势,治理时间和治理范围的试探性程度呈先减后增再减的变化;2)就整个政策体系而言,新一代信息技术产业政策的试探性程度经历了"低—高—中"的变化轨迹,可将其分为启动期、扩张期和均衡期三个阶段。 相似文献
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有别于传统创新生态系统理论，数字创新在数字创新生态系统中有着核心位置，而现有研究对数字创新生态系统的探讨尚处于初级阶段，急需探究其概念内涵、核心特征和运行机制。为进一步拓展创新生态系统的理论边界，采用文献调研法和理论演绎法，从“数字创新”和“创新生态系统”两个概念解析数字创新生态系统的概念内涵与构成要素，借鉴创新生态系统研究范式，从企业微观、产业中观和国家宏观3个层面构建数字创新生态系统的理论框架。结合数字生态系统和创新生态系统两大理论体系，提出数字创新生态系统的构成六要素包括生产者、消费者、赋能者、运营者、研究者和生态环境，并揭示其具有模块性、适应性、多样性、生长性和共生性五大核心特征。运用概念模型法建构数字创新生态系统的理论模型分析其运行机制发现，数字创新生态系统的稳定演化主要依托于异质性创新资源整合机制、数字化创新能力提升机制、数字价值实现机制和数字协同治理机制4个方面的有序运行来实现。为保障数字创新生态系统的良性运行，应丰富系统内的创新主体类型，并建立面向企业、产业和国家三层次的价值共生协同体系。 相似文献
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区域数字创新生态系统韧性的治理利基组态 《科学学研究》2022,40(3):534-544
建设富有韧性的数字创新生态系统是抵御外部风险冲击、推动区域创新发展数字转型的必由之路。本文以28个省市的数字创新生态系统为分析对象,通过指标评价方法测度其韧性,并使用fsQCA方法研究治理利基组态对区域数字创新生态系统韧性的影响。研究识别了导致高韧性的“知识-资源”驱动和“市场驱动”两种组态,以及导致低韧性的“资源主导”和“知识主导”两种组态。研究发现有助于数字创新生态及其治理理论的发展,也对制定区域数字创新生态系统发展政策制定具有启示意义。 相似文献
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数字化重塑了创新主体之间的价值共创方式,拓展了现有创新生态系统理论,引发关于数字创新生态系统的思考。本文提出数字创新生态系统的两种表现形式：创新导向的数字生态系统（又称“数字创新生态系统Ⅰ型”）以及数字赋能的创新生态系统（又称“数字创新生态系统Ⅱ型”）。创新导向型的数字生态系统旨在促进数字创新的产生、应用与扩散,这一围绕数字主体而形成的创新生态系统延续了数字生态系统收敛性、可扩展性、自生长性和模块性的基本特征。数字赋能的创新生态系统是数字化进程与创新主体间价值共创行为深度融合的结果,实现了创新生态系统内主体、结构、制度、功能和演进的数字化转型。数字创新生态系统Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型彼此渗透、相互促进,改进了创新主体之间的价值共创方式,推动了创新能力与创新效能的全面提升。最后,建议未来研究从案例分析、形成机制分析、发展战略分析、政策研究和监测研究等方面来健全和完善数字创新生态系统理论。 相似文献
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数字创新生态系统的演化和治理研究 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):325-334
数字创新的生态化协同已经成为实现创新产出的主要形式,数字创新生态系统也成为学者和实践者关注的热点课题。本文主要研究数字创新生态系统的演化趋势,并探索不同演化趋势下的系统治理机制。借助扎根理论对大范围深度访谈进行分析,最终得到数字创新生态系统的三个演化方向:关系互动、知识能力和行为规范,在此基础上,揭示了相应的治理机制:以信任为纽带的关系机制,以知识为核心的激励机制和以惯例为基础的控制机制,并对系统参与者的管理模式进行相应的探讨。研究有助于更为深入揭示数字创新生态系统的本质,是对数字创新和创新生态系统的有机融合和重要拓展,可以为企业数字化转型和合作创新发展提供理论指导。 相似文献
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《科学学研究》2021,(4)
数字基础设施创新是建立公共卫生应急治理数字化转型长效机制的重要组成部分,本质上是社会技术系统的复杂演进。模块化作为实践中进行复杂创新的有效方式,却少有研究详细阐明社会技术系统的模块化创新。依据社会技术转型理论,本文将信息上报预警系统视为公共卫生应急治理基础设施数字化转型的重要利基,探究公共卫生应急治理数字基础设施模块化创新的过程,以及技术利基和组织利基在其中的共演路径与影响。案例研究发现:我国公共卫生应急治理信息系统经历了利用性创新、探索性创新和整合利用性创新三个阶段的模块化共演;模块化共演路径的选择以所处阶段的社会技术供需分析为起点,利用最有利的社会技术要素组合来实现技术模块化和组织模块化的高效配合,对复杂环境做出积极反馈和适应性调整。数字基础设施创新需要综合短期开发和长期建设的视角进行设计与规划,将风险防控思想渗透到基础设施创新的方方面面,在公共卫生应急等专业性较强的领域中树立前瞻意识、强化属地权限、增进社会认同,促进数字化普惠性红利在供给端进一步向基层下沉,实现技术与组织协同治理效益最大化。 相似文献
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数字经济时代,如何应用数字技术改善企业创新生态系统成为非数字原生企业整合创新资源、实现价值获取与创造的关键。文章采用案例研究法,以中国家电制造业企业海尔为研究对象,通过追踪其数字化转型及构建创新生态系统的过程揭示非数字原生企业构建新型创新生态系统的关键机制。研究结果显示：第一,基于数字平台的创新生态系统是组织结构、管理模式、技术平台以及战略等多重因素共同作用的结果,案例企业创新生态系统的形成正是建立在上述组织基础、技术基础和战略基础之上。第二,管理变革是非数字原生企业建立数字化组织以及形成基于数字平台创新生态系统管理基础的重要途径,案例企业通过管理变革建立无边界组织以及数字化转型的组织基础。第三,技术平台是企业获取以及整合数字化资源、赋能生态伙伴的重要工具,能促进企业形成创新生态系统。案例企业正是通过技术平台汇聚数字化资源,以及向合作伙伴提供创新资源与支持性流程。第四,生态品牌战略为数字化情境下企业与生态伙伴确定价值共创方向提供指引,是非数字原生企业通过基于数字平台创新生态系统进行数字化转型的战略基础。案例企业依据其生态品牌战略建设生态品牌和生态场景,并改善其与生态伙伴合作关系,进而提... 相似文献
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数字化转型正在推动整个经济社会发生深刻变革，尤其对国家创新体系的演化产生深远影响。本文在阐释信息技术的演进历程及其对经济社会的影响和构建国家创新体系的分析框架的基础上，重点分析了数字化转型对国家创新体系产生的影响。研究认为：在创新主体方面，主体类型更加丰富多样且主体间形成跨地域、跨组织、高效互动的创新网络；在创新资源方面，数据既是创新活动的核心投入要素，也是提高资源配置效率的重要工具；在创新机制方面，数字化技术打破了传统以学科、创新链为边界的组织机制，形成一体化融通发展趋势；在创新环境方面，数字化转型带来优化政策、法律法规以应对创新治理、伦理困境及其他风险的新需求。最后，围绕上述变化和特点，在采取敏捷治理方式、促进公共数据开放共享、改进创新组织机制、发展数字基础设施等方面提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献