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从专利引证的视角,运用数理统计的方法衡量专利在技术发展过程中的重要性和价值,从定量分析入手对专利产业化的概率进行辨析。论证了专利产业化的判别与评价原理。专利引证网络的时间无关性、不可约性以及引证路径单向性满足马尔可夫链收敛的条件。运用马尔可夫链对专利引证网络的随机浏览过程进行建模。建立了专利引证网络与马尔可夫链的对应关系,将专利产业化概率的计算过程转化为计算马尔可夫链转移矩阵稳态分布的过程,设计了转移矩阵最大特征值和特征向量的迭代算法。从美国专利商标局的专利数据库中采集了235项1976年至2006年授权的半导体制造领域电子发射器制造技术的相关专利,分析了专利的年度分布情况。从美国国家经济研究局的专利数据集中查询得到592条专利引证关系,利用网络分析软件Pajek构建专利引证网络。实验结果表明,本文提出专利产业化概率模型切实有效,与专利产业化的实际情况相符,可以作为专利产业化可能性的一种指示。 相似文献
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应用搜索路径连接统计法和搜索路径节点对统计法计算引证路径的连接度,提出了一种基于专利引证网络的技术进化路线提取算法。从美国专利数据库中采集了5073项1975年至1999年授权的数据挖掘领域的相关专利,分析了专利的地区分布情况和年度分布情况。从专利数据集NBER中查询得到专利引证关系,利用网络分析软件Pajek构建专利引证网络,提取了数据挖掘领域的技术进化路线。由实验结果可知,技术进化路线包含创新、扩散和突破,是一个渐进式创新和根本性突破相结合的过程。根据专利内容将主要进化轨迹分为三段,从继承性和延续性的角度分析了各阶段技术的发展情况。最后对下一步的研究工作进行了展望。 相似文献
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李宗红 《中国科技期刊研究》2011,22(1):67-70
基于中国知网,依据下载量、浏览量的相关数据,定义并计算了我国西部12种师范大学自然科学学报2005～2009年的网络计量学指标。结果显示,2005～2009年,我国西部12种师范大学自然科学学报总访问量逐年增长,论文篇均访问量已经达到了160余次,论文发表当年即被高频次访问,被访问高峰出现在论文发表后的第2年,5年内的文献是被访问的主要文献;即年指标、影响因子、5年影响因子2005～2009年均表现出波浪式增长的趋势。网络引证指标与传统引证指标的相关性研究显示,网络引证指标应该成为期刊和论文评价的重要参考指标。 相似文献
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【目的/意义】基于Open Site Explorer平台数据,分析和揭示网站层的我国图书馆共链关系及结构。【过程/ 方法】从该平台下载我国169所高校图书馆与公共图书馆网站的根域名入链数据,基于网站层的共链关系矩阵绘 制共链网络,运用社会网络分析方法对共链网络的节点中心性、块模型与核心-边缘结构进行分析。【结果/结论】该 平台数据能够清晰地展现我国图书馆网站之间的共链关系结构,图书馆类型、实力及其所在地区的发达程度,对图 书馆网站在共链关系网络中的网络特征及其网络空间分布有较大影响,但在网络中影响力最大、最重要的图书馆 网站却是实力处于中上水平和中西部地区的图书馆。该平台既能为图书馆网站建设提供依据,也能拓展网络计量 学理论与方法。 相似文献
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不同引证时间窗口影响因子的比较研究 —— 以SCI数据库眼科学期刊为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据影响因子的定义和计算公式,利用Web of Science数据库的引证分析功能,对选择的28种眼科学SCI来源期刊不同引证时间窗口的影响因子:包括2年影响因子、3年影响因子、4年影响因子、5年影响因子和6年影响因子进行了计算和比较,并与同行评议得分做了相关分析。结果表明,不同引证时间窗口影响因子值不同,但用于期刊评价具有极高的相关度。通过与同行评议得分比较,眼科学期刊3IF和4IF较为理想。3年和4年引证时间窗口与眼科学期刊文献被引高峰年代高度一致。 相似文献
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研究了沪深300指数日收益率时间序列,经检验其具有马氏性,并建立了马尔可夫链模型。取交易日分时数据,根据分时数据确定状态初始概率分布,通过一步转移概率矩阵对下一交易日的日收益率进行了预测。对该模型分析和计算,得出其为有限状态的不可约、非周期马尔可夫链,求解其平稳分布,从而得到沪深300指数日收益率概率分布。并预测了沪深300指数上涨或下跌的概率,可为投资管理提供参考。 相似文献
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【目的】 鉴于学术界对期刊影响因子起源和发展过程中几个重要问题的模糊认识,对影响因子发展历史进行详细考证,澄清影响因子起源和发展过程中的几个重要问题。【方法】 应用Web of Science数据库检索并分析大量影响因子研究相关文献,对其发展过程中的重要时间节点和重要事件进行考证。【结果】 理清影响因子产生的背景,确认其概念提出、计算方法确定和应用于期刊评价的几个重要时间节点,明确影响因子引证时间窗口和可被引文献的实质。【结论】 影响因子随着科学技术发展和科学评价的需要而不断完善,成为最重要的甚至不可替代的期刊评价指标。 相似文献
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嵌入社会网络的中小企业资源整合模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据社会网络的嵌入性理论,探讨了中小企业在生命周期的创立期、成长期以及向成熟期过渡的过程中,如何通过关系性嵌入和结构性嵌入社会网络以实现资源的整合,并提出了嵌入继承性关系网络、嵌入生成性关系网络及嵌入共生性关系网络的资源整合模式。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献