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1.
In the present study, paclitaxel was archaeosomed to reduce side effects and improve its therapeutic index. Carriers have made a big evolution in treatment of many diseases in recent years. Lipid carriers are of special importance among carriers. Archaeosome is one of the lipid carriers. Paclitaxel is one of the drugs used to treat breast cancer which has some unwanted side effects despite its therapeutic effects. Archaeosomes were extracted from methanogenic archi bacteria and synthesized with a certain ratio of paclitaxel in PBS. The mean diameter of archaeosomal paclitaxel was measured by Zeta sizer instrument, Drug releasing of archaeosomal paclitaxel was examined within 26 h which results showed that the most drug releasing occurs during first 3 h. The cytotoxicity effect of archaeosomal paclitaxel on breast cancer’s cell line was evaluated by MTT assay which results showed that the cytotoxicity effect of archaeosomal paclitaxel on breast cancer’s cell line is more than that of the standard paclitaxel formulation. The results indicated that new drug delivery of paclitaxel using archaeosome, increases the therapeutic index of the drug.  相似文献   

2.
Regarding that the breast cancer is the most prevalent disease among women, paclitaxel, an anti-cancer drug, could be used in treatment of this disease. As paclitaxel has adverse effects, it was used of nanoliposome drug delivery technology in order to reduce adverse effects and improve drug efficacy. Certain ratios of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and paclitaxel were synthesized to prepare nanoliposomal paclitaxel. Using Zeta sizer device, the mean diameter of nanoliposomal paclitaxel was obtained 421.4 nm and its encapsulation efficiency was 91.3 %. By dialysis, drug release in nanoliposome paclitaxel formulation within 28 h was studied which was 5.53 %. This study showed that cytotoxicity effect of nanoliposomal paclitaxel is more than that of the standard form.  相似文献   

3.
Nano carriers have greatly revolutionized the treatment of most diseases recently. One of these nano carriers, liposomes, has got particular significance. On the other hand, Artemisinin which is used as an effective anticancer drug has some side effects. To reduce such side effects, liposomes can be employed. In order to prepare pegylated nanoliposomal artemisinin, particular proportions of phosphatidylcholine, polyethylene glycol 2000 and artemisinin were combined. As a result, the mean diameter of nano liposomes is 455 nm. Besides, the encapsulation efficiency and the drug release from pegylated nanoliposomes for pegylated nanoliposomal artemisinin are respectively 91.62 ± 3.5 and 5.17 %. The results also show that IC50 of the produced formulation is less than that of the standard drug. This study reveals that the amount of artemisinin cytotoxicity compared to standard drug is increased by pegylated nanoliposomal formulation.  相似文献   

4.
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types within women population. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a chemotherapy compound for treatment of patients with cancer diagnosis, including breast cancer associated with several adverse effects. In this study, we applied nanotechnology to decreased drug side effects along with improvement of therapeutic index. Liposomation is widely used in modern pharmacological developments in order to enhance the effects of the drugs. To achieve this, in this study a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was made up and HU was added to the resultant mixture, was then pegylated using Polyethylene Glycol 2000 to increase resistance, applicability and solubility. The mean diameters of nanoliposomal and pegylated nanoliposomal HU were measured by Zeta sizer device and obtained about 402.5 and 338.2 nm. The efficiency of non-pegylated and pegylated liposomal HU was 70.8 and 64.2, respectively. Releasing HU in both formulations was estimated about 25.8 and 21.7 %. Also, this study investigated the cytotoxicity effect of nanoliposomal and pegylated nanoliposomal HU using MTT assay. Results of this investigation showed that the cytotoxic properties of pegylated HU was 3.6 % more than those non-pegylated form, while was 38.93 % more than ordinary from of HU. This study showed that the stability, releasing pattern and cytotoxicity of the pegylated nanoliposomal HU is better than that of nanoliposomal HU.  相似文献   

5.
It is clear that cancer is one of the most mortal diseases in the world and the most prevalent among women is breast cancer. As hydroxyurea (HU)—a drug which is used in chemotherapy—has many adverse effects in long-term despite of its therapeutic properties, we made use of nano drug delivery technology in order to reduce adverse effects and increase therapeutic index. Thus, liposomation is a novel way in drug delivery systems. In this study a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was mixed and HU was added to the resultant mixture. The mean diameter of the nanoliposomal HU measured with the Zeta Sizer device (equal to 402.5 nm) and its encapsulation efficiency was 70.8 %. Besides, using dialysis, the pattern of drug release from nanoliposomes has been studied and the results showed that the drug release of nanoliposomal drug within 28 h was equal to 25.85 %. This study showed that the cytotoxicity effect of nanoliposomal drug is more than that of the standard drug.  相似文献   

6.
This study is aimed to investigate the nanoliposomal artemisinin preparation, and its implementation on breast cancer cells. Side effects have been one of the common challenges of drug usage, as well as cancer treatment. In order to reduce such effects, nanotechnology has been a great help. Nanoliposomes are provided through reverse phase evaporation. In this method, certain proportions of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and artemisinin were mixed together. Besides, the obtained formulation was pegylated by using polyethylene glycol 2000 in order to increase its stability and solubility. The mean diameter of non-pegylated and pegylated liposomal artemisinin was determined by Zeta sizer system. The percent of drug released from liposome was performed by dialysis. The encapsulation efficiency of both formulations was estimated by spectrophotometry method. As a result, encapsulation and drug release of nanoliposomal formulation were more than the pegylation of the same formulation. In addition, this study indicated that cytotoxicity effect of pegylated nanoliposomal artemisinin was more, in comparison with nanoliposomal artemisinin.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is essential for DNA biosynthesis and the epigentic process of DNA methylation. It has been reported that abnormal DNA methylation contributes to the pathogenesis of congenital anomalies. There were many published case control studies assessing the associations of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with risks of nosyndromic cleft lip with and without palate (nsCL/P), but with inconsistent results. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Eligible articles were identified by search of databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Springer Link up to December, 2015. Finally, a total of 22 studies with 3724 nsCL/P cases and 5275 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled to assess the association. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. All statistical analyses were done by MIX program. Meta-analysis results suggested that MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributed to the increased nsCL/P risk in overall population using four genetic models except homozygote model (for T vs. C: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.1–1.4; for TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04–1.59; for CT vs. CC: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.98–1.63; for TT vs. CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.74–1.4; for TT vs. CT + CC: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.05–1.74). In conclusion, results of present meta-analysis suggested that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is significantly associated with nonsyndromic orofacial cleft.  相似文献   

9.
Carboplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used against various malignancies such as ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study is to improve the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin using pegylated liposomal nanocarriers. Nanoparticles were synthesized using thin film hydration technique and characterized for shape morphology, particle size, zeta potential and drug-release properties. In the next step, A2780S and A2780CP ovarian cancer cell lines were used to determine the efficacy of nanodrug by MTT assay. The particle size and zeta potential of nanodrug were measured 244.3 ± 19.6 nm and ?22.9 ± 1.7 mV, respectively. High encapsulation capacity (78.6 ± 3.7 %) confirmed the efficiency of technique. The cytotoxicity results also showed that nanodrug compared to free drug improve the efficacy of carboplatin against both A2780S (P < 0.01) and A2780CP (P < 0.05) cell lines. In conclusion, the findings of our study suggested pegylated liposomal nanocarriers are proper for carboplatin delivery to ovarian cancer cell lines A2780S and A2780CP.  相似文献   

10.
The association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimers disease (AD) was controversial in previous studies. The present meta-analysis was designed to investigate the association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with AD. Nine studies were identified by search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Link databases, up to January 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed effects model or random effects model. All statistical analysis was done by Mix version 1.7. MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a significant association with susceptibility to AD in all genetic models (for T vs C: OR 1.29, 95 % CI 1.15–1.44, p < 0.0001; for TT + CT vs CC: OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.16–1.364, p = 0.0002; for TT vs CC: OR 1.60, 95 % CI 1.25–2.04, p = 0.0001; for CT vs CC: OR 1.28, 95 % CI 1.1–1.53, p < 0.008; for TT vs CT + CC: OR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.12–1.67, p = 0.002). Results from present meta-analysis supported that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of AD in Asian population.  相似文献   

11.
Emulsion polymerization was used to synthesize poly butyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles in presence of steric stabilizer dextran 70. Nanoparticles were characterized by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Polymerization factors affecting particle size and distribution such as dextran 70, polysorbate 80 (PS 80) and H+ concentration, polymerization time and temperature, and sonication were studied. Distinct concentrations of stabilizer were needed to produce proper nanoparticles. In this case, the appropriate value was 2 % of total volume. At pH 4 significant decrease in production efficiency demonstrated the substantial effect of H+ concentration on nanoparticles. Furthermore significant increases in particle size and distribution was observed at 50 °C compared to room temperature. 0.001 % (v/v) PS 80 represented notable influence on size and distribution. In addition, shaped nanoparticles were obtained by altering polymerization time from 5.5 h to 18 h. Finally, nanoparticle features were influenced by different factors. Appropriate manipulating of such factors can lead to obtaining desirable nanoparticles.  相似文献   

12.
The first trimester screening programme offers a noninvasive option for the early detection of aneuploidy pregnancies. This screening is done by a combination of two biochemical markers i.e. serum free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at 11 + 0–13 + 6 weeks of gestation. A beneficial consequence of screening is the early diagnosis or trisomies 21, 18 and 13. At 11 + 0–13 + 6 weeks, the relative prevalence of trisomies 18 and 13 to trisomy 21 are found to be one to three and one to seven, respectively. All three trisomies are associated with increased maternal age, increased fetal NT and decreased PAPP-A, but in trisomy 21 serum free β-hCG is increased whereas in trisomies 18 and 13 free β-hCG is decreased.  相似文献   

13.
Traditional eye cosmetics ‘Surma’ use is a popular practice. A total 34 ‘Surma’ samples of black, brown, orange, grey and white were collected and analysed for the presence of lead. High lead levels were detected in all samples except white colour ‘Surma’. Blood lead concentrations were measured in 93 children, of whom 69 used ‘Surma’ regularly. The mean blood lead concentration of ‘Surma’ users was found to be 29.6 ± 10.2 μg/100 ml; where as non user’s value was 4.9 ± 0.8 μg/100 ml. Also, the low haemoglobin levels were observed in the users (10.2 ± 1.4 g/100 ml). In conclusion, the use of ‘Surma’ is associated with high blood lead concentration with significant reduction of haemoglobin levels. For better quality of life, the use of lead free ‘Surma’ is suggested.  相似文献   

14.
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are common endocrinopathies, which often occur parallel. Dyslipidemia is very common in both of these conditions. The development of hypothyroidism is well-known in type 1 diabetics, but it was not distinctly understood in type 2 diabetics. Thus we tried to examine the association between type II deiodinase (D2 or DIO2) Thr92Ala single nucleotide gene polymorphism and thyroid function among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 130 type 2 diabetics were screened and genotyped for DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism. Fasting plasma glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid and thyroid profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) and paraoxonase were estimated according to standard procedures. A significant altered level of thyroid hormones (TH’s) was found in Ala/Ala genotype when compared with Thr/Thr or Thr/Ala genotype. DIO2 and T3:T4 ratio significantly decreased, whereas total T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone levels significantly elevated among Ala/Ala genotype (131 ± 30 ng/ml; 0.12 ± 0.05; 7.17 ± 2.05 µg/dl; 4.77 ± 3.1 µIU/ml, respectively) when compared with Thr/Thr + Thr/Ala genotypes (176 ± 33 ng/ml; 0.21 ± 0.05; 5.21 ± 1.1 µg/dl; 2.59 ± 1.61 µIU/ml respectively). Moreover, D2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TH’s levels except total T4 among Ala/Ala genotypes. All the patients were having a poor glycemic control, and their glycemic status was positively correlating with MDA levels. On the other hand, serum paraoxonase activity decreased among Ala/Ala genotype (104 ± 21 vs. 118 ± 18 nmol/min/ml). In conclusion, DIO2 Ala92 homozygous variant found to be associated with altered levels of DIO2, Thyroid profile and paraoxonase. Hence, we recommend to do detail study of genetic factors related to thyroid function and prevent additional diabetic complications.  相似文献   

15.
Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide hormone produced by hepatocytes and plays a key role in body iron metabolism. Hepcidin deficiency is the cause of iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis, iron-loading anemia, and its excess is associated with anemia of inflammation, chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The aims of this study was to evaluate HAMP gene mutation, namely IVS2 + 1(–G) (c.148–150 + 1del) and Gly71 Asp (c.212G > A (rs104894696) association with iron status in IDA conditions. Our study participants were 500 IDA patients and 550 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Hepcidin, ferritin and CRP analysis was done by ELISA method while ESR analysis was done according to Wintrobe method. CBC analysis was done by auto-analyzer. Two mutations in the HAMP genes were analysed by PCR RFLP method. Among the IDA patients, 7 were heterozygous for Met50del IVS2 + 1(–G) mutation. Nine IDA patients were heterozygous for G71D G–A mutation and homozygous were not identified in both mutations.Controls were showing heterozygous frequency 1.8 and 2.1% of Met50del IVS2 + 1(–G) and G71D G–A mutations respectively. Mutation of HAMP (Met50del IVS2 + 1(–G) and G71D G–A) were clinically associated with IDA and act as modulator of disease.  相似文献   

16.
The total proteins in human urine have been compared by sulfosalicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid with sodium sulphate and trichloroacetic acid methods with pyrogallol red molybdate method as there are no studies found quantifying imprecision and bias components. Fresh urine of 36 patients was analyzed by four methods. Imprecision and inaccuracy were determined by repeated analysis and method comparison studies using correlation plots, Bland and Altman, and Passing and Bablok regression analyses respectively. The coefficient of variation was 5.07 % for pyrogallol red molybdate; 6.84 % for sulfosalicylic acid; 3.97 % for sulfosalicylic acid with sodium sulphate and 5.93 % for trichloroacetic acid methods. Bland and Altman analysis showed a bias of 5.8, 1.7 and ?5.4 for pyrogallol red molybdate versus sulfosalicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid with sodium sulphate and trichloroacetic acid methods respectively. Passing and Bablok regression revealed a constant bias for pyrogallol red molybdate versus all turbidimetric methods but a proportional bias only with trichloroacetic acid method. Sulfosalicylic acid with sodium sulphate method is preferred to sulfosalicylic acid and trichloroacetic acid methods.  相似文献   

17.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma constitutes a group of disorders originating from the malignant transformation of lymphocytes and involving either the lymph nodes or extranodal sites. NHL commonly presents in the sixth to seventh decade of life with a male preponderance (50–75 %). Recent studies have shown importance of serum LDH in prognosis of NHL. Authors report a case of a 63 year old male presenting with complaints of fever and backache for past 4 months. General and systemic examination revealed bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly respectively. Serum LDH level was highly elevated (3441 U/l). Excisional axillary and bone marrow biopsy were done before oncology referral. Complete workup revealed diffuse Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with bone marrow infiltration. Patient died because of acute renal failure due to NHL and DM 2 (Type 2 diabetes mellitus).  相似文献   

18.
Microalbuminuria is an established cardiovascular risk indicator in diabetes, hypertension and the general population. There is lack of information on MAU in healthy obese Indian adults and an ongoing debate whether obese adults deserve targeted identification and clinical intervention for MAU and prediabetes. We aimed to screen the healthy obese, young (group I) and middle aged (group II) adults for prevalence of MAU and prediabetes and study its association with Framingham risk score. The study included 50 healthy obese young (20–30 years) and middle aged adults (31–50 years), attending the outpatient clinic of Dept. of Medicine for a duration of 2 months (July–August). The patients were screened for fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and MAU. Of the total patients 28 % had MAU, 32.14 % of which had prediabetes and 33.33 % had diabetes whereas 10 % were normoglycemic. The group I patients had 50 % cases of MAU and group II had 25 % patients with MAU. Group II 63.63 % pre-diabetics. The values of MAU obtained were correlated with age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FBS, waist to hip ratio using Pearson’s Coefficient (p < 0.05). The 10 year CVD risk calculated using FRS in subjects with MAU was higher as compared to those without MAU. Thus we conclude that Indian, young and middle aged obese adults to be at a risk of prediabetes, MAU and CV risk warranting their routine screening for better clinical outcomes.  相似文献   

19.
Concentrations of various trace elements are altered during pregnancy with changes in the mother’s physiology and the requirements of growing fetus. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to learn the changes of micronutrients Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) of pregnant woman and their relations with newborns levels. Serum levels of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper of 162 pregnant women and their newborns were determined by an inductively couple plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). The results showed that majority (41 %) of pregnant women were in age group 26–36 years 55 % had high school and diploma levels of education and the total income ranged between 3 and 5 Rials million per month There was significant difference in iron levels during first, second and third trimesters, 76.0 ± 17.8, 63.5 ± 15.2 and 70.1 ± 14.4 μg/dl respectively. Significant difference was shown in zinc levels 79.5 ± 15, 74.5 ± 16.1, and 65.3 ± 14.9 μg/dl during three trimesters. Copper levels during pregnancy were significantly different (130.9 ± 43.5, 172.0 ± 38.94, 193.2 ± 28.5 μg/dl. The serum levels of calcium and magnesium during pregnancy were constant (Ca: 8.96 ± 0.48, 8.86 ± 0.47, 8.91 ± 0.42 mg/dl and Mg: 2.10 ± 0.21, 2.08 ± 0.28, 2.09 ± 0.29 mg/dl). Results showed that 13 % of pregnant women had hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia. Thirty eight percent and 42 % of pregnant women had iron and zinc deficiency respectively. In this study, unlike zinc, no pregnant women were found deficient in serum copper levels. Calcium, iron, zinc, copper and magnesium levels in the newborn’s cord blood were 8.93 ± 0.43, 106.0 ± 26.1, 85.35 ± 16.6, 57.04 ± 13.8 and 1.99 ± 0.27 mg/dl respectively. In the present study the levels of iron and zinc in cord blood were higher than the levels of iron and zinc in maternal serum. The mean level of copper in cord blood serum in the current study was lower than maternal values. The mean serum calcium and magnesium in the serum cord blood and in the serum of the pregnant women were similar.  相似文献   

20.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Selected Persian Gulf Algae   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
In the present study, the effect of red (Gracillaria corticata), green (Ulva fasciata) and brown (Sargassum ilicifolium) seaweeds alcoholic extract, against five important human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2, and HT-29) proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were evaluated. The reducing activity and total polyphenol content were also investigated. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity test. Morphological alterations were examined using phase contrast, fluorescent and electron microscopy. All the extracts were antiproliferative against all the cancer cell lines, dose-dependently, with G. corticata methanol extract (GCME) having the greatest inhibition activity against MCF-7 cell line. The percentage of apoptosis increased from 18 to 78 %. The cell cycle analysis also showed that GCME can induce apoptosis which confirm by TEM. Algal extract reducing activities were as follows: G. corticata > S. ilicifolium > U. fasciata. The GCME is a good source of potential complementary and alternative functional food for prevention and treatment of cancer.  相似文献   

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