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《技术与创新管理》2018,(6)
在供给侧改革的背景下,企业标准化生产是促进产业转型和提升产业竞争力的重要路径,政府行为在企业标准化活动中发挥无可取代的作用。从推动企业标准化活动的角度出发构建了政府规制—企业标准化行为的演化博弈模型,探究政府规制策略与企业标准化行为的动态演化过程及均衡稳定策略,分析影响两者博弈过程的相关因素。博弈结果发现:从企业的角度来看,标准化成本、产权损失风险及联盟收益等都是对企业标准化策略产生影响;从政府的角度来看,政府获得的税收增加及规模经济效益都将促使政府选择规制标准化策略;而从政企双方的互动角度来看,政府在企业标准化过程中的奖励力度和惩罚措施对双方的博弈发挥着关键的影响作用。 相似文献
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对于技术标准化活动这一异质性主体之间复杂利益关系动态演变过程,随着标准组织在其中的重要性与日俱增,有必要将标准组织作为博弈主体,深入探讨企业、标准组织和政府三者利益互动关系的影响,研究推进技术标准化的有效策略。为此构建三方策略动态演化博弈模型,分别从企业投入技术标准化的成本、收益,标准组织意愿的高、低,政府不同激励模式等方面分析其对系统演化过程的影响,并对相关参数进行仿真模拟分析。结果表明：企业、标准组织及政府在技术标准化系统中达到演化稳定点的策略组合为{投入,高意愿,不激励},企业与标准组织的策略选择对系统演化具有重要影响。其中,企业投入技术标准化的收益、成本和不投入技术标准化的收益、损失均显著影响企业和政府的演化结果,但对标准组织策略影响相对较小;政府补贴在技术标准化初期的作用效果最佳,企业积极投入更能促使标准组织参与技术标准化活动,有利于提高系统稳定速率。据此,提出应多措并举提高企业对技术标准的投入意愿,并通过给予技术标准相关的开发项目调动标准组织的参与意愿。 相似文献
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随着经济的全球化和技术的不断更新与发展,标准成为决定一国竞争力的重要因素.为了在标准的国家竞争中取得先发优势,欧美日等国分别制定和发布了其国家标准化战略.通过对有关文献的回顾,从标准对政府的重要性、非政府标准化决策的局限性角度,解释了政府参与标准化活动的动因,以及政府参与标准制定的具体形式与机制.在此基础上分析了欧日美政府标准化政策的共同点,探讨了其目前在标准化政策方面采取的主要战略措施,并对欧美日政策及政府作用各自的特点进行了比较.通过比较与借鉴,结合中国的标准化活动现状和体制,为中国政府的标准化政策提出相应的建议. 相似文献
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在介绍创新成果转化为标准途径的基础上,从分析标准产生方式与创新成果转化为标准途径的关联关系入手,提出创新成果标准化的4种模式,专利—市场竞争型、专利—政府指导型、专有技术—市场竞争型、专有技术—政府指导型。结合技术生命周期分析技术创新成果标准化的适当时机,从技术、市场、政府等3个层面重点阐述4种转化模式所需要的不同条件。 相似文献
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政府投资项目决策权配置构造实证研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究政府投资项目的决策权配置构造与项目绩效之间的关系.实证研究表明,政府投资项目决策权配置具有独特的构造,对决策主体行为和项目的绩效产生重要影响.决策权与知识和责任不匹配,是导致政府投资项目效益低下的关键因素.应改革政府投资的非正式制度,并用项目管理的市场代理模式取代行政代理模式. 相似文献
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在知识经济和全球化时代,开放式创新成为技术创新的主要范式,并深刻地影响全球技术标准化活动及竞争格局.在明晰开放式创新与技术标准化的内涵及其关系的基础上,从技术标准化的载体、标志及演化路径等技术标准化活动自身特点以及政府作用和竞争格局等技术标准化宏观环境出发,研究了全球技术标准化趋势,可为我国创新型国家建设中政府部门和技术标准化主体把握标准化活动规律、加快标准化进程及抢占全球标准竞争制高点提供启示. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献