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三汪平原湿地对净化环境、控制水土流失、降解有毒废水,维持三江平原区域生态平衡起着重大的作用,它是亚洲东部野生鸟类非常重要的迁徙停歇地和繁殖地,此外,还有大量的昆虫、水生生物资源,生物多样性极其丰富,在国际湿地、水鸟和生物多样性保护方面都具有重要意义。因此对三江平原湿地的保护是十分重要的,也是十分必要的。 相似文献
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湿地素有"地球之肾"之称。与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大生态系统。湿地是具有较高的生态价值和生产力的区域,是生物多样性最丰富的生态系统,在持续地提供食物、原材料和水资源,控制污染、蓄洪防涝、抗旱、调节区域气候、控制土壤侵蚀、美化环境、保护生物多样性以及发展农业和畜牧业等方面均起着重要作用。它既是天然蓄水库,又是众多野生动物,特别是珍稀水禽的繁殖地和栖息地,它还可以给人类提供水和食物,与人类生存息息相关,在全球湿地生物多样性保护中占据了极其重要的位置。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲是国际重要水鸟停歇地,由于受自然因素和人类活动的影响,该地区水鸟栖息地面积不断减少,生物多样性不断降低。通过引用淡水对栖息地进行恢复,能大大提高水鸟的生境质量,增加水鸟的多样性。然而该地区淡水资源短缺,农业、工业和生活用水量大,生态用水量严重不足,如何因地制宜地利用淡水、海水和废水资源,发挥湿地保护生物多样性及净化环境的功能成为水鸟栖息地恢复的关键问题。本文总结了黄河三角洲的水鸟多样性及其生境需求,归纳了水资源的应用现状。在淡水资源短缺情况下,使用淡水、海水和废水3种不同水源补给湿地时,水鸟及其栖息地的特征和面临的挑战。结合水鸟迁徙、黄河来水的时间特征、水鸟栖息地斑块尺度和区域尺度需求特征、不同水源的用水现状、恢复效果及空间分布特征等要素,提出了综合利用海水、淡水和废水对区域和斑块尺度的生境类型进行配置的生态补水恢复模式,建议斑块尺度重点考虑水深及水面植被比例,区域尺度重点考虑水资源分布及自然和人工不同类型湿地的空间优化配置,最后从多样性维持以及不同水资源综合有效利用方面提出了未来研究展望。本文结果旨在为黄河三角洲湿地恢复和水鸟生物多样性提高提供科学依据。 相似文献
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长期生态学监测和研究揭示了北亚热带森林生物多样性和生态系统的结构功能及维持机制,阐明了干扰对生物多样性和生态系统的影响过程;凝练出神农架自然遗产的全球突出价值,构建的"廊道-踏脚石-关键栖息地"保护体系提升了自然保护地的生态系统原真性和完整性;提出了重点生态功能区生物多样性保护和生态恢复的关键技术体系及应用模式。长期生态学研究为我国亚热带山地森林生态系统研究和生物多样性保护、生态建设和经济社会可持续发展提供基础理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
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青藏高原是我国乃至亚洲的重要生态安全屏障区和全球生物多样性保护的热点地区，保障生态安全是青藏高原生态保护的核心任务。青藏高原物种丰富但受威胁物种多。近15年来青藏高原生态安全屏障生态系统格局稳定，生态系统质量整体趋好，水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙服务均得以提升，生态退化趋势得到遏制，自然保护地建设和生态保护建设工程对提升生态屏障功能发挥了关键作用。然而，受气候暖湿化和人类活动影响，青藏高原生态安全屏障仍然面临退化草地面积大，以及冻土面积萎缩、沼泽湿地减少、部分生物栖息地退化、外来物种入侵、局部生态系统退化等生态风险。为了进一步保护青藏高原生态安全屏障功能，建议优化调整自然保护地空间格局，建立以国家公园群为主体的自然保护地体系和加快实施青藏高原生态安全屏障保护修复工程。 相似文献
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滨海湿地具有较高的生物多样性,是重要经济鱼类资源的产卵场、索饵场和越冬场,也为湿地鸟类提供食物和栖息环境,是地球上生态系统服务价值最高的生态系统类型。同时,滨海湿地也是人类活动最为集中的地区之一,已成为全球变化的生态脆弱带和环境变化敏感区。中国科学院黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态试验站(以下简称"黄河三角洲站")围绕我国滨海和河口湿地环境保护与生态建设国家战略科技需求,致力于滨海湿地生态环境保护与可持续发展,以陆-海相互作用过程、湿地保护与可持续利用为主线,基于长期定位监测和野外控制试验,量化了滨海湿地生态系统碳汇现状、规律及其驱动机制,明确了水文过程与水盐运移对滨海湿地碳循环过程的影响;揭示了滨海湿地生态系统结构与功能对气候变化和人类活动的响应与适应规律;构建了退化滨海湿地生态修复技术体系,提出了"健康滨海湿地"理论与技术模式,研发了滨海湿地生态修复关键技术,实现滨海湿地保护与利用的协同发展,丰富和发展具有区域特色的滨海湿地生态学。这些研究成果不仅为黄河三角洲湿地生态保护与修复提供基础数据、科学依据和关键技术,弥补了我国特别是北方河口三角洲湿地长期观测研究的不足,也使得黄河三角洲站成为国内外无可替代的滨海湿地生态系统科学研究基地,为提升我国滨海与河口湿地研究的理论水平和促进区域可持续发展提供重要科技支撑平台。 相似文献
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<正>研发背景随着人类改变自然的能力提升,资源开发趋于规模化,这给全球鸟类栖息地和鱼类繁衍地带来不同程度的影响,主要是因为鸟类、鱼类对栖息地的组成和环境变化非常敏感。鸟类对生态系统的稳定和相对平衡起着一定的调控作用。在自然界中,鸟类可以抑制昆虫的过度繁殖,也可以调节小型动物的数量,在一定程度上对农、林、牧、渔业都有一定的保护作用。我国是世界鸟类种数最多的国家之一,其中具有迁徙习性的鸟类就达800余种,无论是这些迁徙的鸟类还是留鸟,对于一个良好栖息地的需求是同样重要的, 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献