共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
山东省禹城市粮食生产资源利用效率评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
粮食生产资源利用效率研究是实现粮食稳产、高产的前提，也是保障国家粮食安全的理论基础。对不同条件下的作物生产潜力准确估算和适宜的资源利用效率评价是粮食生产资源利用效率研究的核心内容。本文采用PS123作物生长模型进行作物生产潜力计算，根据山东省禹城市实际状况，确定了模型输入参数，计算了研究区玉米、小麦和大豆的光合、光温、气候和气候－土壤生产潜力，采用作物结构订正计算区域粮食生产潜力。考虑粮食生产中光热资源、水资源、土地资源、社会经济资源等方面，从准则层和因子层两个层面构建了粮食生产资源利用效率评价模型，确定了各评价因子的目标值和权重，对禹城市粮食生产资源利用效率进行评价。研究结果表明： ①山东省禹城市光合生产潜力52 784kg/hm2，光温生产潜力11 023kg/hm2，气候生产潜力8 377kg/hm2，气候-土壤生产潜力6 450kg/hm2，对这3种作物的实际产量进行结构订正得到该市1999年～2001年粮食平均现实生产能力为6 244kg/hm2，禹城市粮食生产潜力较大； ②制约粮食生产稳产、高产主要自然因子为水资源的不合理利用，劳动生产率、化肥利用率和产投比的低下是主要的社会经济限制因子。根据不同的限制性因子，本文提出了单项资源利用技术改进措施。 相似文献
2.
中国粮食主产区生产潜力对气候波动响应研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
粮食生产对粮食安全的影响是目前全球关注的热点之一,且粮食主产区的粮食生产潜力格局及其对气候变化的响应是保障中国粮食安全的关键问题。本文对逐级递减的机制法模型进行了改进,主要是修正计算太阳辐射的系数a和b,并划分不同土壤有效系数指标区来构建各自的评价指标体系,计算了1995年和2005年的光合、光温、气候和土地等4个逐级递减层次的生产潜力,并分析1995-2005气候变化对光合、光温、气候和土地四个层次生产潜力的影响。结果表明,研究区内绝大部分区域的作物有效生育期增加,并且有效生育期初日时间逐渐提前,而终日时间相应推迟;同时生育期时段内的日照时数增加;而作物有效生育期内有效降水量总体减少,且大部分地区降水多集中在有效生育期内。降水减少是整个研究区粮食生产发展的主要制约因素,各气象因子的变化整体上有利于生产潜力的增长。气候波动使得光合、光温、土地3个层次的生产潜力增长,使得气候生产潜力降低。对光合、光温、气候和土地4个层次的影响程度逐渐减小。从对水田和旱地的影响看,气候波动导致水田光合生产潜力比旱地的增加更多;而气候波动使旱地的光温生产潜力比水田的增加更多;气候波动导致旱地的气候生产潜力比水田的减少更多;气候波动导致旱地的土地生产潜力增加,但水田的土地生产潜力减少。 相似文献
3.
青海共和盆地草地生产力模拟及其影响因素分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
基于DEM构建了青海共和盆地草地生产力的模型,并且进一步构建了基于作物水分耗散和放牧因子校正的青海共和盆地草地生产力模型,研究结果表明:①共和盆地草地的光温生产潜力15.3 t/hm2,光温生产潜力约为光合生产潜力的53%,而且在山区约为44%,滩地约为54%,河谷约为58%,所以在共和盆地温度应当是限制牧草生产能力的一个非常重要的因子,并且在山区温度对牧草的生产能力的影响较大;②共和盆地牧草的气候生产潜力约6.6t/hm2,气候生产潜力是光温生产潜力的43%,是光合生产潜力的23%;而且河谷、滩地牧草的气候生产潜力分别约为光温生产潜力的34%和41%,山地约为69%,水分对牧草的气候生产潜力影响在河谷和滩地要大于山地,尤其是草原化荒漠和荒漠化草原气候生产力相对较低;共和盆地的实际草地生产力是气候生产力的1/5～1/12;经过作物水分需求和放牧的校正,草地生产力平均2.2t/hm2,与实际生产力很接近.所以牧草水分需求和放牧强度对草地生产力影响很大,尤其反映出草地放牧已成为草地生产力降低,草地退化的重要原因之一. 相似文献
4.
土地是紧缺的资源,它是不能增长的,而人口和社会的需求却在不断增长着。因此,保护土地资源,合理开发利用土地资源,以充分发挥土地的生产潜力来提高人民生活水平,是一个国家或地区的根本性任务。 目前,山东省土地的数量及质量不清,土地的利用率也较低。建国以来,耕地减少约3000万亩,部分土地有较重的退化现象(盐碱化,水土流失,污染等)。据粗略计算,每年减少耕地约80万亩,而人口年增长约80万人,到2000年,山东省将有近9000万人口,耕地也将减至9000万 相似文献
5.
1980—2019年中国粮食主产区主要粮食作物气候生产潜力与气候资源利用效率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着全球性极端气候频发,粮食生产安全越来越受到气候变化的威胁。在此背景下,实现农业气候资源的高效持续利用意义重大。粮食主产区是粮食安全保障的核心区域,本文应用逐级订正的机制法模型测算了1980—2019年中国粮食主产区玉米、水稻、小麦三大主要粮食作物的气候生产潜力,并应用重心迁移模型分析了粮食主产区186个地级市现实作物生产水平与气候生产潜力的时空属性,在市域尺度上评估了农业气候资源利用效率。研究得出：①1980—2019年粮食主产区玉米、水稻、小麦气候生产潜力的倾向率分别为-156.80、68.82、121.92 kg/（hm2·10 a）;②玉米气候生产潜力高值区和低值区范围均缩小,水稻气候生产潜力空间结构较为稳定,小麦气候生产潜力高值区范围扩大;③主要粮食作物气候生产潜力的重心迁移距离均小于现实迁移距离,并呈同向化特征;④黄淮海农业区、东北农业区、西南农业区等地主要粮食作物气候资源利用率较高,长江中下游农业区等地气候资源利用率较低。对此,应调整粮食生产重心,缓解气候条件较差地区的粮食生产压力,挖掘气候资源丰富地区的气候生产潜力,全面提高粮食主产区气候资源利用效率。 相似文献
6.
利用三江源地区18个气象台站1961年以来观测的日、旬、月和年气温、日照时数、日照百分率以及玉树站观测的太阳辐射资料,根据气候学原理,在充分考虑天文辐射、大气透明系数,日照百分率等影响太阳辐射因子的基础上,计算出三江源地区的太阳能资源,然后以年太阳总辐射量作为一级(主导)区划指标,以日平均气温稳定通过0℃(日最高气温达10～15℃)以上期间的日数(利用佳期)作为二级区域指标进行分区,对三江源地区9个不同类型的太阳能资源区进行分区评述,同时计算了三江源地区粮食光合生产潜力和气候生产潜力,结果表明农作物生长期光合生产潜力为26846.4kg/hm2;光温生产潜力为11812.4kg/hm2;气候生产潜力为9449.9kg/hm2,与1997年-2006年实际年平均粮食产量3327.0kg/hm2相比;只占气候生产潜力的35%,说明三江源地区粮食生产潜力的提升空间还很大,最后得出:三江源地区由于太阳能资源丰富、土地利用条件优越、电网容量与架构理想、电价水平较低、交通设施便利、光伏产业链完整、太阳能利用市场和国家政策扶持力度较大等优越条件而开发利用潜力巨大。 相似文献
7.
土地利用联系到国民经济的各个方面,随着人口增长、社会经济技术条件的改善和环境质量的提高以及生产的区域化、商品化,必须对土地利用结构、土地生产潜力和土地承载能力进行预测研究,注视它的发展变化,及时为各级有关部门提供宏观决策的依据。宁夏地处经济较发达的中部地区与急待开发的西部地区之间的联接地带,对土地进行承载能力的估算,在国民 相似文献
8.
地处温带半干旱季风气候区的黄淮海平原,拥有耕地2.7亿亩。这里不仅具有可供两熟的光能和热量资源,而且土地蕴藏着巨大的潜力。但是,这一地区的旱涝盐碱却在相当大的程度上限制了这种潜力的发挥。 土壤是水分的最大调蓄场所。因此,土壤湿度的监测对于黄淮海平原的旱涝盐碱的综合 相似文献
9.
1961年至2007年东北地区水分盈亏变化趋势及其影响与响应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用1961年-2007年东北地区124个气象站的气候资料,采用Penman-Monteith模型计算参考蒸散量,进而计算水分盈亏量,对水分盈亏量时空演变特征及其影响与响应进行分析.研究表明:东北地区10年际全年、春季、秋季和冬季水分盈亏量以亏缺为主,夏季以盈余为主,东北地区全年、夏季、秋季和冬季水分盈亏量都呈先减少后增加的趋势,但总体上呈减少趋势,速率分别为-4.2mm/10a、-3.4mm/10a、-2.2 mm/10a、-0.7 mm/10a;春季呈弱增多趋势,其速率为7.5 mm/10a,东北地区有逐渐变干的趋势.从地域分布看,有2/3的地区呈下降趋势,1/3的地区呈上升趋势.对各气象因子与水分盈亏量的相关分析表明,影响水分盈亏量变化的主要因子是降水量,其次是温度.当温度变化时,各季节水分盈亏量变化:冬季>秋季>夏季>春季;当降水量变化时,各季节水分盈亏量变化:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.由此可见,温度的变化对冬季的水分盈亏量影响最大,降水的变化对夏季水分盈亏量影响最大.受水分亏缺影响,干旱频率增加、区域扩大,粮食生产不稳定性增加. 相似文献
10.
中国陆地风能资源开发潜力区域分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文从风能资源的丰富度、稳定度、人文环境对风能资源开发适宜度和自然环境适宜度等四个方面,分别选取了较有代表性的有效风能密度、风能可用时数、人口密度、森林郁闭度四项量化指标,利用综合指数法对我国陆地10m高度风能资源开发潜力进行了综合评价和分析。结果表明:内蒙古中部和西部、河西走廊、青藏高原中北部、东北平原南部、山东和辽东半岛,以及江苏、浙江、福建和海南的沿海地带,风力资源优越,环境因子限制小,是风能规模开发潜力最高的地区;内蒙古锡林郭勒高原、呼伦贝尔高原、新疆东部和西北克拉玛依地区、东北平原、河北北部和东部沿海(除了最高潜力地区)为次高潜力区;大兴安岭、山东西北部、河南北部、江苏大部、安徽中部、新疆北部和东南部、西藏中西部和云南东部属中级开发潜力区;其它地区因风能资源贫乏或环境因子限制大,风能开发潜力较低。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献