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1.
José Joaquín Brunner 《Prospects》1992,22(2):185-194
Conclusion Education is, however, already beginning to reflect the whole range of pluralisms that constitute the relatively complex, urbanized and semi-industrialized societies of most of Latin America.Modernity in these societies assumes the form of cultural pluralism with a centrifugal and fragmented social basis, in which deep divisions of class and social strata still exist alongside emerging tensions due to the spread of markets, privatization in civil society, the disintegration of the traditional state, the rapid internationalization of communications and expectations, and the consolidation of liberal-democratic regimes that enable all this diversity to be expressed more freely.The new pluralism of Latin American education has therefore more to do with the modernization of societies and their cultures than with the more restrictive notion of complementarity among well-structured socio-cultural elements that fight to preserve their identity and that attain a form of expression recognized by the state in the field of education. The latter type of pluralism, found in more stable and better structured societies, is replaced in Latin America by a more fluid and ambiguous educational pluralism which, in the final analysis, reflects a process of construction of modernity that began only recently but is now in full swing.
Specialist in the sociology of education. Professor-researcher at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), vice-president of the Chilean Higher Council of Education, where he chaired the Presidential Study Commission on Higher Education. Member of the Executive Committee of the Latin American Social Sciences Council. His most recent books are: Educación superior en América latina: cambios y desafíos (1990), Chile: transformaciones culturales y modernidad(1989), and Recursos humanos para la investigación en América latina (1989). 相似文献
2.
Abraham Yogev 《Higher Education》2007,54(5):629-645
Expansion trends of higher education systems involve the planned growth of new universities, frequently stratified lower than
established ones in academic breadth and excellence as well as in the socio-demographic origins of their students. The persistence
of this internal stratification of the university system subsequent to its expansion remains a controversial issue. Between
the early and mid-1990s the Israeli Council for Higher Education has expanded the three ‘‘target’’ universities, aimed at
peripheral or specific sectors. Compared to the three established elitist institutions, these universities have concentrated
on the liberal arts and attracted students of lower social origins. The present study examines the stratification of students
into elitist and target universities a few years after this particular expansion policy was abandoned in favor of college
accreditation. Though the overall growth rate of university freshmen since 1995 has subsequently declined, the relative share
of the target universities is still steadily growing. Our analysis of data from a 1999 national survey of freshmen in all
six universities reveals that students of the target universities still tend to originate from lower status groups and ethnic
minorities regardless of academic ability. Furthermore, their general study motivations, particular study considerations,
and institutional choice orientations are more practical and vocationally oriented than those of students in the elitist universities.
It therefore seems that expansion policies of university systems should not overlook their long-term consequences for the
stratification of universities and their students. 相似文献
3.
《高等教育法》在基本价值取向上,一方面,存在着过于偏好社会秩序价值的倾向;另一方面,存在着对个体教育者和受教育者的自由权利,特别是受教育者权利与自由的忽视、窄化以及缺乏保障等现象。这些价值偏向导致了在国家的干预权力与高校的自主办学权利、高校的管理权力与大学生自由权利、法律关系主体的权力与责任之间等形成一系列现实冲突。对该法价值的重构应从高等教育的公共特性出发,并把它作为调节人的自由和社会的秩序之间正义价值的支点。 相似文献
4.
The political economy of higher education in the era of neoliberal globalization: Latin America in comparative perspective 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
During the last two decades, Latin American universities have experienced intense pressure to abandon the main principles established in the 1918 Córdoba Reform (i.e., autonomy and autarchy). While funding for public higher education has declined, they are pressured to relinquish a large portion of institutional autonomy in order to accommodate to market demands and to a new set of control strategies emanating from the state.We argue that current changes in Latin American higher education cannot be examined in isolation from larger political and economic changes in the region, which in turn are related to the dynamics of globalization. After the decline of socialist and welfare-state models, neoliberal regimes have become hegemonic in many parts of the world. In most countries, changes in financial arrangements, coupled with accountability mechanisms, have forced universities to reconsider their social missions, academic priorities and organizational structures. Concerns about equity, accessibility, autonomy or the contribution of higher education to social transformation, which were prevalent during previous decades, have been overshadowed by concerns about excellence, efficiency, expenditures and rates of return. The notion that higher education is primarily a citizens right and a social investment – which has been taken for granted for many decades – is being seriously challenged by a neoliberal agenda that places extreme faith in the market.Though we focus on the international dimension of university change, it is important to note that global trends are promoted, resisted and negotiated differently in each national context and in each individual institution. In the emerging knowledge-based society, the polarization between North and South is expected to increase even further if the scientific and technological gaps are not narrowed. Latin American universities have a crucial role to play in this regard. The paper is organized in two parts. The first describes the context of university change, focusing on issues of globalization and neoliberalism. The second examines the main features of university restructuring in comparative perspective, with a particular focus on Latin America. 相似文献
5.
联合国教科文组织在推动发展中国家高等教育发展中所起的作用越来越重要,参与跨国层面、区域层面的治理工作日渐频繁.拉丁美洲一直是教科文组织重点关注的区域,1997年,教科文组织特别成立了拉丁美洲及加勒比地区国际高等教育研究所,致力于完善该区域高等教育体系,提高高等教育质量,鼓励高等教育系统专业人员流动等,缩短拉美国家与发达国家的差距,推动该地区高等教育一体化的发展.联合国教科文组织在推动拉丁美洲高等教育一体化建设取得一定成效的同时,存在资金不足、政策实施不力、对不同地区支持不均衡等问题.此外,在拉丁美洲高等教育一体化建设过程中,拉美国家还应该进一步改善自我认同缺失、凝聚力不足、国别异质性显著等自身问题. 相似文献
6.
论我国高等教育评估中介组织独立性的再造 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
独立性是高等教育评估中介组织最本质的特征,也是高等教育评估中介组织存在和发展的基础。社会发展大环境的限制以及高等教育评估中介组织自身发展阶段的局限,使得我国高等教育评估中介组织缺乏独立性与自我治理,过度依附于政府,在评估活动中没有自己充分的话语权。再造其独立性,政府、高等教育评估中介组织与高校都必须有所作为。 相似文献
7.
Montserrat Vargas-Vergara Encarnación Bas-Peña Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez 《Journal of Latinos & Education》2015,14(2):135-142
This article is based on the economic, political, cultural, social, and educational changes produced as a result of globalization. We focus on the universalization of education and its importance to achieving sustainable human development while respecting the cultures and ethnic groups in a region. Within higher education in the world, we delve more deeply into the creation of the European Higher Education Area and the Latin American Higher Education Area. This work allows us to highlight the problems, challenges, and needs that education is facing worldwide. 相似文献
8.
Laura Alicia Valdiviezo 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(2):435-445
This essay addresses Katherine Richardson Bruna’s paper: Mexican Immigrant Transnational Social Capital and Class Transformation: Examining the Role of Peer Mediation in Insurgent
Science, through five main points. First, I offer a comparison between the traditional analysis of classism in Latin America and Richardson Bruna’s call for
a class-first analysis in the North American social sciences where there has been a tendency to obviate the specific examination
of class relations and class issues. Secondly, I discuss that a class-first analysis solely cannot suffice to depict the complex
dimensions in the relations of schools and society. Thus, I suggest a continuum in the class-first analysis. Third, I argue
that social constructions surrounding issues of language, ethnicity, and gender necessarily intersect with issues of class
and that, in fact, those other constructions offer compatible epistemologies that aid in representing the complexity of social
and institutional practices in the capitalist society. Richardson Bruna’s analysis of Augusto’s interactions with his teacher
and peers in the science class provides a fourth point of discussion in this essay. As a final point in my response I discuss
Richardson Bruna’s idea of making accessible class-first analysis knowledge to educators and especially to science teachers. 相似文献
9.
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research Activities: Are Research Universities Doing a Better Job? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Engaging undergraduate students in research activities has been advocated as an innovative strategy to improve American higher
education (Boyer Commission, Reinventing undergraduate education: A blueprint for America’s research universities. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Stony Brook, NY, 1998). This study compared the frequency of undergraduate
student research experiences at different types of colleges and universities from the early 1990s through 2004. The results
indicate that the frequency of student research experiences increased since 1998 at all types of institutions and that students
at research universities were not more likely than their counterparts elsewhere to have such experiences. The findings were
consistent across major fields. To live up to their claims, research universities must find additional ways to involve undergraduates
in research with faculty members.
Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D.
in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focuses on postsecondary access and persistence,
college student experience, and higher education finance.
George D. Kuh is Chancellor’s Professor of Higher Education and Director of the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University
Bloomington. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on the quality of undergraduate
education.
Joy Gaston Gayles is Associate Professor in Adult and Higher Education at North Carolina State University. She received her Bachelor’s degree
from Shaw University, Master’s degree from Auburn University, and Ph.D. in Higher Education from The Ohio State University.
Her research focuses on college student learning and development. 相似文献
10.
11.
我国高等教育法第五条明确规定高校具有人才培养、科学研究和社会服务三大职能,高校职能本质上就是对社会所承担的责任。随着高校与社会关系的日益密切,高校承载的职能与社会责任也就越大,而现有三大职能的局限与滞后已无法满足当代社会对高校的要求,同时立法上缺少对提升高校社会责任的进一步明确要求以及当前高校社会责任意识仍较淡薄。鉴于此,修订完善高等教育法第五条,加强高校社会责任宣传,构建高校社会责任评价体系尤为重要。 相似文献
12.
Re-bordering comparative education in Latin America: Between global limits and local characteristics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Felicitas Acosta Cristian G. Perez Centeno 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2011,38(4):477-496
Conceived for presentation at the XIV WCCES conference in Istanbul in 2010, the topic of which was “Bordering Comparative
Education”, this paper, within that framework, aims to present the current state of the discipline in Latin America in relation
to a quick overview of its present-day situation at a global level. After providing an overview of the current debates on
comparative education, with special emphasis on what the authors refer to as motor nuclei (a series of milestones or episodes which have become transdiscursive as the discipline has evolved), as well as pinpointing
current challenges in the field, this paper looks into the development of the discipline in Latin America and how it has contributed
to the understanding of the region’s educational systems. The paper also examines the unique relationship between comparative
studies and the field of educational planning in Latin America. The authors then go on to provide a thematic analysis, categorising
the papers presented at three conferences held by the Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Comparados en Educación (SAECE, the Argentine Society for Comparative Education Studies) in 2005, 2007 and 2009. The paper closes with several conclusions
regarding the current debate on the discipline in the region and its possibilities for the future. 相似文献
13.
Oscar Espinoza 《Journal of moral education》2017,46(4):435-448
This article examines the principal arguments found in the work of Paulo Freire concerning policy and ethics in the field of higher education in Latin America. It critically analyzes the university reform in Latin America dominated by the thought and practice promoted by various international financial institutions (such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank [IDB]) beginning in the 1980s and then looks at the feasibility of an alternative Freirian view. The work of Paulo Freire celebrated the liberating role that public university education should play in the training of citizens and professionals, that is with a critical and ethical conscience, committed to the needs of the locality, region and the world. All this is in clear opposition to what has happened to Latin American universities, influenced by neo-liberal reforms over the last decades. 相似文献
14.
"多元文化主义"产生于二战以来的各种社会变革思潮,旨在促进跨越种族、宗教、国家的文化理解和文化宽容,其概念被广泛地使用于各个学术领域,包括历史的、政治的、教育的等等。Peter Mclaren教授是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校教育和信息研究学院的教授,他被誉为批判教育学的领军人物之一。近年来,Mclaren教授主要运用马克思的政治经济学说,并与诸多学者和社会人士合作,积极致力于美国以及拉美地区的多元文化教育运动。Mclaren教授访问我所之际,笔者有幸与其主要就美国多元文化教育的历史发展过程以及批判的多元文化主义的核心内容进行探讨和交流。 相似文献
15.
Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay. They are American model, Western European
model, Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model. The comparison of the four models comes
to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced
by higher education. As a result, it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have
to do with schooling system. On the contrary, the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of
competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.
__________
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2007, 28(3): 1–8 相似文献
16.
《Higher Education Quarterly》1988,42(2):193-200
Book reviewed in this article:
The Power of Management: Restructuring Universities , Geoffrey Walford
Private and Public Universities: The Failure to Reform in the Public Sector: Higher Education and the state in Latin America , Daniel C. Levy
We are Not Alone…: Universities under Scrutiny , William Taylor 相似文献
The Power of Management: Restructuring Universities , Geoffrey Walford
Private and Public Universities: The Failure to Reform in the Public Sector: Higher Education and the state in Latin America , Daniel C. Levy
We are Not Alone…: Universities under Scrutiny , William Taylor 相似文献
17.
应用型本科是以专业为中心、安于教学中心地位、以为地方区域经济发展培养综合性应用型人才的高等教育类型,是以学科为中心、以培养拔尖创新人才的研究型大学和以技能和职业为中心、以培养基础技能型人才的高职院校的重要补充。但从现实来看,数量比重最大、历史状况复杂的应用型本科处在"985"、"211"高校与高职"211"的夹缝地位,目前尚没有专门的细化分类研究,应用型本科要在理论上获得自治、名称上响亮打出旗号,运行上得到"名正言顺"、"名副其实"的政策与资源支持,尚需要国家、省市级政府以及学校自身在内外部治理各方面进行改革。 相似文献
18.
Min Hong 《Higher Education》2018,76(4):717-733
There are several common trends and challenges in the higher education (HE) system around the world, like expansion and diversification of HE, fiscal pressure and orientation to markets, demand for greater accountability and great quality and efficiency (e.g. The financing and management of higher education: a status report on worldwide reforms, 1998; Internationalisation of higher education and global mobility 43-58, 2014; Global policy and policy-making in education, 2014; Higher Education Policy 21:5-27, 2008). These trends and changes have reshaped university governance as well. Public universities are the main institutions to carry out HE in Australia and China. The engagement between Australia and China in HE sector has become closer and closer in recent years. To conduct better and further cooperation and collaboration between Australian and Chinese universities, it is critical to understand and acknowledge the differences in two nations’ university governance. Moreover, by conducting this comparative study of two nations, it also helps us to figure out the changes in university governance over times under the global trends and the interactions between global and local factors. This comparative study focuses on the university level and attempts to identify the differences of university governance in Australian and Chinese public universities in three dimensions, state-university relation, university internal governance and university finance. This paper sketches the university governance in Australia and China and finds that the relationship between government and university is looser in Australia than that in China and Australian universities enjoy more autonomy and power than Chinese universities; as to university internal governance, Australian universities use a more business-oriented management mechanism; funding associated with full-fee paying international students has become very important for Australian HE while Chinese government funding has been decreasing as well but funds from international students play a minimal financial role. 相似文献
19.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1998,18(3):161-179
This paper surveys sociolinguistic research into language and gender in Latin America, and identifies a gap specifically in the area of gendered language use in interpersonal interaction. It also notes a general paucity of gendered research on bilingual behaviour, which extends beyond Latin America. Through an analysis of the very small body of such research which has been carried out in Latin America, it examines some serious implications of these gaps for the model of `bilingual-intercultural' education now gaining currency with Latin American governments and international agencies. It seeks explanations for these absences in the Latin American context (in Latin American feminism, in the role of language in Latin American nation-building and myths of mestizaje, and in the way sociolinguistics has been institutionalised there) and in wider theoretical debates within the social sciences. Finally, it raises questions as to how this lack might be remedied, in such a way as to further the development of culturally appropriate education programmes for Latin America's indigenous peoples. 相似文献
20.
2018年8月,《地平线报告》(2018高等教育版)(以下简称"2018年高教版报告")在美国高等教育信息化协会的官网上正式发布。该报告采用升级的德尔菲法,预测了未来五年可能影响全球高等教育变革的主要趋势、重大挑战和技术发展。本研究采用文本分析法,通过解读该报告,分析新兴技术对高等教育的教学、学习和实践创新产生的影响,并对如何有效推进中国高等教育信息化发展提出了建议。 相似文献