共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
菌根菌--影响植物群落结构的又一重要因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
植物群落结构是指群落中植物的种类、数量比例及其在空间上的配置状况。长期以来 ,人们认为影响植物群落结构的因素主要有光照、温度、水分、土壤及地形地貌等。最近科学工作者发现影响植物群落结构的另一个重要因素———菌根菌。菌根菌是指进入到植物的皮层细胞内 ,在根的细胞间或细胞内形成特征性的泡囊和丛枝菌根的真菌。菌根菌通过大量伸展到土壤中的根外菌丝把土壤中的矿质元素、水分等运送到植物根内供植物吸收利用 ;同时通过根内菌丝从植物获得其生长繁殖所需的碳水化合物 ,从而与植物形成一种营养上的共生关系。很早以前 ,人们就已… 相似文献
2.
研究目的:檀香(Santalum album Linn.)为檀香科(Santalaceae)檀香属(Santalum)树种,属于常绿半寄生小乔木,其心材为传统名贵中药。檀香与其寄主植物假蒿通过根端的吸盘相连,探讨檀香与其宿主之间内生真菌的关系具有重要意义。创新要点:假蒿(Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent.)是幼龄檀香很好的寄主。目前已经对许多药用植物的内生真菌的分离和鉴定进行了大量研究,但是关于檀香和假蒿之间关系的研究报道较少。本研究首次探讨了檀香及其宿主植物假蒿根中内生真菌的数量和种类,为进一步研究两者之间的关系提供一些有用的信息。研究方法:采用组织块分离法从檀香的根和其宿主植物假蒿的根部材料分离内生真菌,并采用形态学鉴定和分子鉴定手段对分离的内生真菌进行鉴定。重要结论:从檀香的根和其宿主植物假蒿的根中160个组织块中分离和鉴定了共25个真菌类群,其中青霉属真菌Penicillium sp.1为檀香根中优势菌,镰孢属真菌Fusarium sp.1为假蒿根中优势菌。特别有意思的是两种植物根中没有分离到明显相同的内生真菌。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
氨是制造氮肥的重要原料.我国氮肥占化学肥料中很大的比例,氮肥工业是化学工业中一个重要部门.众所周知,氮是蛋白质中的主要成份,按重量计约占六分之一.蛋白质是用来维持植物和动物生命的重要组成部分.虽然大气中氮的储量极为丰富,约占空气总体积的78%,但空气中游离状态的氮,除极少数植物可以直接吸收外,绝大多数植物只能吸收化合态的氮.土壤中虽含有一定量的氮,但不断为植物所吸收或为水流失,使土壤逐渐贫瘠.因此,将空气中的游离氮转变为氮的化合物(工业上称为固定氮).这是加速自然界氮素循环的一个重要手段.氨主要用于肥料,液氨虽可直接作… 相似文献
6.
利用盆栽实验研究不同pH值条件下接种AM真菌对柑橘生长的影响.在土壤pH值为5.5～6.5,6.5～7.5,7.5～8.5的条件下,分别接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae).接种株的株高、茎粗和生物干重明显高于不接种株,接种AM增加了植株叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量以及SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性.在酸碱胁迫下AM真菌增强宿主植物的抗逆性可能源于促进宿主植物根系对土壤水分和矿质元素吸收的直接作用和改善植物体内生理代谢活动、提高保护酶活性的间接作用. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
目的:从葱的根、茎、叶中分离内生真菌,并进行初步抗菌活性检测,得到具有高抗菌活性的菌株。方法:1.用PDA培养基分离葱的内生真菌;2.用查氏培养基进行发酵实验。3.进行滤纸片抑菌实验。结果:从葱中分离出的17株内生真菌,均具有抗菌活性,其中,抑菌圈直径大于1.0cm的高抗菌性菌株有11株,占总分离菌株数的64.71%。结论:葱内生真菌具有类似宿主植物葱一样的广泛抗菌性(分离得到的17株内生真菌均具有抗菌性),但由于宿主植物本身所具有的强抗菌性,使分离得到的菌株种属多样性较少。 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTION Biosphere pollution by heavy metals and nu-cleotides was accelerated dramatically during the last few decades due to mining, smelting, manufacturing, treatment of agricultural soils with agro-chemicals and soil sludge, etc. Problems associated with the contamination of soil and water such as animal wel-fare, health, fatalities and disruptions of natural eco-systems are well documented (He et al., 2005). Heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Cd, and Hg, being added to our so… 相似文献
12.
Mycorrhizoremediation an enhanced form of phytoremediation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Khan AG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(7):503-514
Study of plant roots and the diversity of soil micro biota, such as bacteria, fungi and microfauna associated with them, is important for understanding the ecological complexities between diverse plants, microbes, soil and climates and their role in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） are universal and ubiquitous rhizosphere mi- croflora forming symbiosis with plant roots and acting as biofertilizers, bioprotactants, and biodegraders. In addition to AMF, soils also contain various antagonistic and beneficial bacteria such as root pathogens, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including free-living and symbiotic N-fixers, and mycorrhiza helping bacteria. Their potential role in phytoremediation of heavy metal （HM） contaminated soils and water is becoming evident although there is need to completely understand the ecological complexities of the plant-microbe-soil interactions and their better exploitation as consortia in remediation strategies employed for contaminated soils. These multitrophic root microbial associations deserve multi-disciplinary investigations using molecular, biochemical, and physiological techniques. Ecosystem restoration of heavy metal contaminated soils practices need to incorporate microbial biotechnology research and development. This review highlights the ecological complexity and diversity of plant-microbe-soil combinations, particularly AM and provides an overview on the recent developments in this area. It also discusses the role AMF play in phytorestoration of HM contaminated soils, i.e. mycorrhizoremediation. 相似文献
13.
采用营养液培养方式,探讨和比较硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)两种不同供氮形态及其供应水平(0、3、7.5、15、22.5、30、37.5 mmol/L)下,供试玉米利民15和皖玉9号的生物学性状对以磷酸钙模拟的低生物有效磷胁迫的适应性差异。结果表明:当供氮水平低于22.5 mmol/L时,对玉米供应NH4+-N或NO3--N均可产生提高其对低生物有效磷胁迫适应性的效应。随供氮水平的升高,在两种供氮形态营养条件下,玉米幼苗植株生物量、地上部和根系干重、株高、叶面积和根体积的变化趋势均基本呈现报酬递减规律,而当供氮水平在0～7.5 mmol/L变化时,玉米的生物量干重均出现最高值。不同品种玉米对NH4+-N和NO3--N营养的响应既存在共性:NO3--N营养玉米植株株高和根体积始终高于NH4+-N营养植株,但也存在基因型差异。从植株含磷量分析,当氮水平高于3 mmol/L时,NH4+-N营养利民15的磷含量始终高于NO3--N营养玉米;而皖玉9号则在供NH4+-N水平高于22.5 mmol/L时,出现磷含量低于等氮水平下的NO3--N营养玉米的现象;其中利民15的植株磷含量与其生物量干重之间呈极显著的负相关关系(r=-0.77**,n=11),而皖玉9号的植株磷含量则与其生物量干重之间呈极显著的正相关关系(r=0.96**,n=11)。此外,在等氮水平下,两种供氮形态营养玉米的叶面积、单位叶面积光合速率、单株水平的根系活力之间没有明显的差异,因此,在低生物有效磷胁迫条件下,玉米在不同供氮形态营养条件下的适应性机制不同,其适应性强弱主要取决于是否为适宜的供氮水平。 相似文献
14.
Ramesh Maheshwari 《Resonance》2006,11(4):33-44
The roots of most land plants establish intimate associations with soil fungi. This association of plant roots with fungi
is termed mycorrhiza. It is a marriage between two highly dissimilar organisms based on mutual exchange of nutrients: while
the plants provide photosynthetically made carbon compounds to the fungi, the fungi in turn provide to the plants nitrogen
and phosphorus scavenged from the breakdown of organic polymers in natural substrates. This mutually beneficial partnership
makes possible the green cover on Earth and of all life, ultimately, dependent on plants. 相似文献
15.
苦参不同器官中的生物碱含量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]探讨苦参不同器官中的生物碱含量,为该资源植物的合理应用提供依据.[方法]用薄层色谱法(TLC)分析测定了辽宁产苦参不同器官中苦参碱及氧化苦参碱含量.[结果]各类器官,除叶片外,氧化苦参碱含量均显著超过苦参碱含量;苦参碱含量以种子中的为最高,占干重的0.065%,其次为茎(0.034%)、根(0.016%)、叶(0.013%);氧化苦参碱含量以根最高,占干重的3.847%,其次为种子(1.982%)、茎(0.140%),叶中未检测到;粗老根(直径大于1 cm)与细嫩根(直径在0.5~1.0 cm)中的两种生物碱含量差别不大.[结论]达到一定生长年限后,生物碱积累不再有明显增加而趋于饱和;大部分器官中,氧化苦参碱含量高于苦参碱含量;种子及茎更适合作为苦参碱的提取器官. 相似文献
16.
Ramesh Maheshwari 《Resonance》2008,13(6):541-547
Most plants are attached via their roots to specialized fungi. The filamentous hyphae of these fungi extend beyond the nutrient-depleted
zone in the soil, absorbing and supplying nutrients to the plants in exchange for photosynthetically-made carbon compounds
manufactured by the plant. The hyphae also attach to litter and decompose the organic matter, releasing the mineral ions sequestered
in the structural polymers. The mineral ions are absorbed and translocated to the roots. Most plants are so dependent on their
fungal partners for supplying nutrients that they languish or die without them. Our understanding of this fascinating interaction,
to a large extent, has come from the pioneering work of Sir David J Read, FRS, Emeritus Professor of Plant Sciences at the
University of Sheffield, UK.
Ramesh Maheshwari is a former Professor and Chairman of the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Banglaore.
This is his sixth article for Resonance. 相似文献
17.
本文测定了屏边三七的根、茎、叶中水解氨基酸的组成,将其根中水解氨基酸组成绘制成组成一含量特征线图,并与同科、同属的其它植物进行比较,说明其同属植物间水解氨基酸组成特征的相似性及其在植物分类上的实用意义. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
Muhammad Waqas Yoon-Ha Kim Abdul Latif Khan Raheem Shahzad Sajjad Asaf Muhammad Hamayun Sang-Mo Kang Muhammad Aaqil Khan In-Jung Lee 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(2):109-124
We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar (BC) and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC+G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro- and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC+G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents. 相似文献