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1.
Tamás Lajos 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(3):94-102
Academic co‐operation between higher education institutions in Hungary and those of western Europe, on the one hand, and those of the United States of America, on the other, are compared. Hungarian co‐operation with western European higher education, particularly the European Union countries, has been far more developed than that with the United States. The greater success and scope of co‐operation with western European higher education institutions is attributed to the comprehensiveness of the TEMPUS Programme of the European Union countries and its careful and well‐planned responses to the problems of the central and eastern European region. However, Hungarian higher education could gain a great deal from more intensive co‐operation with American higher education. Efforts should be made to encourage such co‐operation including the greater involvement of American higher education institutions in TEMPUS projects. 相似文献
2.
Political change and declining economies have forced the higher education systems of the countries of east and central Europe to undergo restructuring, in particular to develop new financing mechanisms and to permit the emergence of private higher education. The Hungarian experience is described with reference to the situations in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Reference is made to the “base and addition” model of higher education finance as it evolved in eastern Europe beginning in the 1950's. This model went into crisis in the 1980's because it failed to encourage institutions to search for sources of funding other than government grants. In the post‐Communist situation, new types of funding mechanisms are being explored in the three countries. Czechoslovakia has so far made the fewest fundamental changes because of the relative strength of its economy. Poland has adopted a policy of professional co‐ordination for academic survival. Hungary is experimenting with professional and market co‐ordination. 相似文献
3.
《Higher Education in Europe》1996,21(2-3):34-48
An account of the results of a TEMPUS evaluation is given. It reflects the experiences of the evaluators in the course of their work. While the TEMPUS Programme can be characterized as being very successful, the evaluation nevertheless unearthed a number of problems. The pure numbers and facts presented for the quantitative and structural development of higher education in central and eastern Europe are quite impressive. They are set against an assessment of the quality of cooperation between central and eastern European partners and western partners and of the relations between the institutional, the national, and the supranational levels of higher education development. The account is framed by a critical reflection of the role of western experts and evaluators in central and eastern Europe.
4.
Lesley Wilson 《Higher Education in Europe》1996,21(2-3):103-114
This article is an edited version of the Keynote Address given by the author at the Annual EAIE (European Association for International Education) Conference that was held in Budapest from 5 to 7 December 1996. It examined the question of the development of international educational exchanges on equal terms. Looking at the situation in Europe, the article suggests a number of preconditions that the author considers important in favouring the growth of partnerships on equal terms, referring, for example, to the different types of relationships that can exist and to the importance of the choice of partners. The question of financial inequality and what to do about it is evoked. The article also mentions different mechanisms available in Europe for building partnerships, concentrating on the impact of the enormous growth in European Union investment in higher education co‐operation programmes over the last ten years. The conclusions reached are that both institutional and individual commitment are crucial to the development of sustainable relationships, that each partner must contribute something of value to the relationship, and that the partners must have respect for and confidence in one another. Finally, co‐operation on equal terms must be seen as a work objective, one that is as much a challenge among western countries as it is between western countries and central and eastern European ones. 相似文献
5.
John S. Daniel 《Higher Education in Europe》1991,16(1):38-45
The political changes which have occurred in eastern Europe and the shift of the countries concerned from command to free market economies have created a need for new forms of continuing education for retraining in such areas as management, economics, and political science. Given current technical possibilities, such education and retraining could be offered through modern distance education techniques by means of an international aid consortium analogous in some ways to United Nations peace keeping forces, so that one western institution or nation would not predominate. As human resource development is the first step to other kinds of progress, and distance education in other areas of the world has proven its worth in the field, a well planned project for eastern Europe would attract support from western aid donors, particularly international groupings such as the European Communities. Thus would distance education contribute to the creation of the common European home. 相似文献
6.
Tamas Kozma 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(2):85-96
The higher education systems in the countries of eastern and central Europe are still in a period of stagnation. A period of rapid growth is expected, similar to that of the 1960's in the western part of Europe, to begin around the turn of the millenium. Because of the similarities of its middle classes, Subregion A (territories with traditional state education) might adopt a massification scenario even in the face of financial restrictions. The higher education of Subregion D (territories with non‐state education) might follow an élitist scenario in the course of higher education development according to which the autonomy of institutions and the privatization of systems would become major political issues. 相似文献
7.
D. Bruce Johnstone 《Higher Education in Europe》1992,17(3):30-45
This article, by the Chancellor of a major American university system, proffers advice and suggestions as to how the Hungarian higher education system, particularly the universities, can reform and adapt to the market economy and the liberal democratic institutions which Hungary is in the process of creating for itself. Beginning with a consideration of the basic components of the costs of higher education, it moves on to a discussion of the macro isssue of the cost and the financing of higher education, and then analyses six cost issues facing Hungarian universities. Suggestions both for cost containment and for funding are presented and analysed. 相似文献
8.
Sergij Gabršček 《Higher Education in Europe》1999,24(3):359-373
Slovenia has introduced the Matura, an external examination taken at the conclusion of higher secondary education. This examination has two distinct purposes: to certify completion of secondary education and to replace all entrance examinations that might be required for selection and matriculation. As Slovenia was the first country in central and eastern Europe to introduce an external examination at the interface of secondary and higher education, its experience might serve as an example to other countries in the region wishing to move in a similar direction. This article describes the new examination that has been successfully administered in Slovenia since 1995, its structure, and the impact it has had on the education system, particularly on higher education, Matura results determining admission to course programmes. 相似文献
9.
Liam Ryan∗ 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(3):81-90
Beginning with an overview of various international initiatives which have been taken in recent years with regard to exchanges of information and experiences on quality assessment in higher education, this article reflects on the adoption of quality assessment techniques and accreditation in the higher education systems of eastern and central Europe. The principles of Total Quality Management (TQM), self‐evaluation, the structures of formal accreditation, and methodological issues of quality assurance are discussed, examples being drawn from several countries. The point is made that the countries of central and eastern Europe must individualize the evaluation and accreditation systems which they choose to adopt in ways which are compatible with specific cultural and national factors while at the same time upholding international norms of quality. 相似文献
10.
Lesley Wilson 《Higher Education in Europe》1996,21(2-3):9-11
This article introduces the topic of this issue of the review. Because there has been no systematic evaluation, so far, of the impact of western assistance programmes for higher education in eastern and central Europe since they got underway in 1989‐1990, the hope is that this publication will kick off the necessary debate. In general, two stages in the reform process can be identified, a reparatory stage that lasted around three years, and now a holistic stage, that emphasizes a systemic approach to reform. It is hoped that the eight articles making up the topic will serve as catalysts for many more studies on all aspects of this vast problem. 相似文献
11.
我国高等教育的公平性问题主要体现在高校区域分布不均,尤其是高水平大学区域分布不均问题更为突出。通过对985和211大学在东部、中部、西部分布的差异,以及二者在京津沪、高考大省及其他省分布的差异进行研究,并通过对东部、中部、西部985大学专任教师与新生人数的平均比重进行研究,可以发现我国985和211大学主要集中在东部地区和京津沪地区。由于985和211大学对本地生源的照顾,从而加剧了我国高等教育在区域上的不公平。相应的建议是:增加中西部985和211大学的数量并加大支持力度,985和211大学在各省的招生数要符合其人口比重等。 相似文献
12.
James Wimberley 《Higher Education in Europe》1999,24(4):483-491
The author begins by defining “civil society” and then traces the historical origins of the concept. He summarizes the views in regard to civil society of the Council of Europe and explains how these views are reflected in the reform programmes developed by the organization for central and eastern Europe after 1989. The author concludes his article with a discussion of the role and place of higher education in civil society with reference to a major Council of Europe programme, the Legislative Reform Programme for Higher Education and Research. 相似文献
13.
Hans N Weiler 《Compare》2000,30(3):333-339
The construct of the market is an interesting new element in the discourse on higher education in Europe. It has generated serious initiatives in deregulating higher education, in developing performance-based models of resource allocation, in fostering inter-institutional competition and efficient management structures, and even in considering the 'privatisation' of higher education. These developments affect particularly the financing of higher education, where new models of resource generation and allocation, institutional steering and controlling, and accountability are being explored. Within this context, and with a view towards the future of higher education in Europe, four issues are being examined in more detail: formula funding, the mobilisation of external resources, the introduction of tuition fees, and the creation of private institutions of higher education. 相似文献
14.
基于2003—2010年四个高等教育信息化指标的省际面板数据,对我国高等教育信息化软硬件资源建设的区域差异进行了实证分析。研究发现:我国东中西三大区域高校信息化资源配置的总体差距在逐渐缩小,但区域间和区域内的差距有增大趋势,东部发展领先,西部发展速度较快,部分指标赶超中部。进一步分析了区域经济发展水平、政府财政投入、信息化发展的区位选择以及教育资源的聚集效应对高等教育信息化软硬件资源建设的影响。最后对缩小高等教育信息化资源配置差异提出了对策建议。 相似文献
15.
John Flemming 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(3):37-44
This article presents and discusses in slightly paradoxical terms the increasing action of market forces in the academic world in the United Kingdom as set against the transition in eastern and central Europe of centrally planned economies to market economies. The process in neither case is simple, nor does it necessarily deliver the desired results. For instance, can the massive job losses associated with privatization, East and West, really be construed as liberation? Since in the United Kingdom markets for health and education will always retain a degree of artificiality, their privatization must be undertaken with particular care of a kind which is not necessarily forthcoming. The tentative conclusion is that higher education will have to come to grips with the market whether it be considered inspiring or insidious. 相似文献
16.
通过对高等教育大众化背景下东西部高等教育发展状况的分析，探讨了造成高等教育区域发展失衡的历史原因以及这种失衡对目前我国进行大众化转型的影响，同时提出了利用高等教育规模扩张发挥多方面力量协调东西部高等教育发展的几点措施。 相似文献
17.
Ondrej Kascak 《教育政策杂志》2017,32(2):159-175
The neoliberalisation of higher education in post-communist central and eastern Europe, the new EU member states, is not seen as being distinct. Implementation of the Bologna Process and Lisbon Strategy means it has become part of the competitive global sphere of higher education. The transformation of post-communist higher education has attracted little attention, but it is in fact an example of an unprecedented radical 25 year-long transformation: from centralised non-research-orientated communist policy to the radical autonomous Humboldtian environment that emerged after the fall of communism to a strong European neoliberalisation. This article highlights not only the gradual and unique nature of these processes but also shows how they have merged to form the current neoliberalist hybrid. Focusing primarily on former Czecho-Slovakia and the subsequent Slovak and Czech Republics, it details the education policy strategies and initiatives that have contributed to this process. By examining the new educational policy framework at a Slovak university, it shows how Humboldtian culture encountered neoliberal culture: a distinct feature of post-communist neoliberalisation. It is suggested that the Slovak and Czech implementation of neoliberalism has not proved immune to forms of governance similar to those found under communism; rather the two have fused together. 相似文献
18.
中国早期书院与西欧中世纪大学的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国早期书院与西欧中世纪大学是东西文化教育发展历史中两颗璀璨的明珠。本文通过对二者的形成机制、办学目的、课程设置、教学方法、管理模式的比较研究，分析了二者的异同，以期对现代的高教改革提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
19.
James Angresano 《Higher Education in Europe》1994,19(2):112-118
This article presents a critical analysis of economics education in central’ and eastern Europe since the 1989 revolutions. The infusión of Western economics teachers and literature, while introducing a new perspective to central and eastern Europe, has also created problems. These problems stem from the narrow perspective and belief in the universal validity of orthodox economic theory held by these teachers and their failure to teach any other perspective. The author advocates a different type of economics education for central and eastern Europe. It includes a broader focus on societal problems and the integration of economic history, comparative economics, economic development, and history of economic thought into economics curricula. Finally, the author recommends that economics education be focussed on giving students a perspective with which to develop their own alternative policies for their respective nations, teaching them that there is more than one economics paradigm and that there are multiple alternative transformation paths. 相似文献
20.
基础教育均衡发展的现状分析与政策选择——对教育局长们的问卷调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
许杰 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,29(3):62-65
该研究在方法上以调查问卷为主,辅以现场访谈。对来自全国东、中、西部地区的市、县教育局长就“基础教育均衡发展的现状、成因及对策”问题进行了调查研究。调查结果显示,“教育事业费、公用经费的供给”不平衡是目前我国基础教育面临的最大难题;市、县局长及东、中、西部的局长们在基础教育均衡发展指标的选择上存在着明显差异。在现状研究的基础上,对进一步促进基础教育均衡发展提出了政策选择和制度安排。 相似文献