共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
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尹华站 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007,33(5):14-17
计时中断是为探究非时间因素对计时加工的影响机制而提出的一种操纵开关运作机制的研究范式。这种研究范式基于动物计时的顶峰程序研究，后经Fortin和Masse等修订拓展应用于人类计时研究。系列研究发现在该范式中呈现出期望中断和中断时距等两种效应。期望中断效应基于注意资源在计时加工和监控中断信号源之间的分配而产生；中断时距效应基于中断期间的准备加工影响开关潜伏期而产生。未来研究值得讨论的问题主要包括：（1）“期待”心理涵义的揭示；（2）基于注意和基于记忆效应的澄清；（3）更广时距内计时中断效应的探究；（4）计时中断触发机制的多维考察。 相似文献
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通过三组手动按键反应实验,创设无编码转换的反应条件,验证反转STROOP效应的编码转换理论.在无编码转换的条件下,经方差分析和t检验,反应时均无显著差异.说明无论是有刺激材料冲突还是有反应冲突,均无反转Stroop效应出现,即使增加了反应难度,增加了所需加工时间的情况下,颜色对字义加工也没有产生干扰.实验结果支持编码转换理论. 相似文献
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为了提高学生的运动参与和运动技能,本研究在武术俱乐部课程教学中引用心理学的SPT实验操作范式,实验编码按SPT和VT两个水平,SPT条件下被试学生默读语词材料,做出相应动作;VT条件下被试学生只是默读所呈现的语词刺激,未有相应的动作;若SPT的记忆成绩优于VT的记忆成绩则被称为SPT效应。研究发现,①SPT效应可应用于武术俱乐部教学中;②SPT效应存在泛化现象,存在于武术动作记忆任务。结果表明:在武术教学连续有意义动作技能学习中显著存在SPT效应。SPT实验过程中,动作编码执行促进了语词记忆的项目加工,SPT范式均优于VT范式成绩。因此建议在武术项目以及同属于技能主导类表现难美性的运动中项目教学,可应用SPT范式教学,从而提高学生动作记忆效果,进一步提升高校体育俱乐部课程的课程效果。 相似文献
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研究预防性周期维护策略下再制造系统中可中断和不可中断2类工件的单机调度问题.以最小化完工时间为目标,提出了LPT-LS算法,该算法首先按LPT(longest processing time)规则安排不可中断工件,然后按LS(list scheduling)规则安排可中断工件.并根据可中断工件的总加工时间(记为S2)分3种情况证明了该算法的最坏情况比,结论如下:当S2大于按LPT规则安排不可中断工件后机器的空闲时间时,最坏情况比为1;当S2介于分别按LPT规则和OPT(最优排序)规则安排不可中断工件后机器的空闲时间之间时,最坏情况比小于2;当S2小于按OPT规则安排不可中断工件后机器的空闲时间时,最坏情况比小于2.最后通过算例验证了结论的正确性. 相似文献
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本研究探究了朋友参照条件对前瞻记忆效果的影响。结果发现:朋友参照编码的回溯记忆成绩要好于名人参照编码,前瞻记忆任务的反应时在朋友参照编码下要长于名人参照编码;而朋友参照编码和自我参照编码条件下,前瞻记忆的反应时、再认率的成绩均不存在显著差异,这就表明朋友参照编码和自我参照编码一样也会促进前瞻记忆的效果。此外,再认率的结果显示,个体对褒义人格特质的记忆效果要好于贬义特质。 相似文献
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本文考虑一个由两个组件供应商和单制造商构成的产品组装系统在组件供应中断时的应对策略．将分别讨论组件供应正常和启动“产品升级”策略（发生中断时）两种情形下各成员的最优决策,并进行比较分析．数值例子揭示这一策略可以有效地应对中断风险． 相似文献
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不同的时间估计长度、时间估计方法是否基于共同的加工机制一直是时间认知研究中的一个焦点。本研究目的在于通过因素分析方法来探讨时间估计长度和估计方法是否存在共同的加工机制。采用复制法和产生法对2s、5s和8s的目标时间进行估计，并对时间估计的准确性和变异性进行探索性因素分析，结果表明：无论是时间估计的准确性还是变异性的分析结果都出现两个与估计方法有关的因素，一个与复制法有关，另一个与产生法有关。结合相关研究的结果，本研究认为可能存在时间估计的方法效应，但对时间估计的长度效应还应该进行更深一步的分析和探讨。 相似文献
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The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) was used to examine whether high level information affects preview benefit during Chinese reading. In two experiments, readers
read sentences with a 1-character target word while their eye movements were monitored. In Experiment 1, the semantic relatedness between the target word and the preview word was manipulated so that there were semantically related
and unrelated preview words, both of which were not plausible in the sentence context. No significant differences between
these two preview conditions were found, indicating no effect of semantic preview. In Experiment 2, we further examined semantic preview effects with plausible preview words. There were four types of previews: identical, related & plausible, unrelated & plausible, and unrelated & implausible. The results revealed a significant effect of plausibility as single fixation and gaze duration on the target region were
shorter in the two plausible conditions than in the implausible condition. Moreover, there was some evidence for a semantic
preview benefit as single fixation duration on the target region was shorter in the related & plausible condition than the unrelated & plausible condition. Implications of these results for processing of high level information during Chinese reading are discussed. 相似文献
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孟迎芳 《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(1):162-167
人类记忆具有复杂的认知功能,可表现为多种类型,如内隐记忆、外显记忆等,不同的记忆类型在编码过程中是否就存在着差异?本文通过两阶段的迫选再认,分别以词和面孔为刺激,在单一测验中区分出记住、启动、忘记和虚报四种不同的记忆类型,然后比较不同类型的记忆项目在编码过程中的加工差异,结果发现记住和启动项目在学习阶段所获得的加工资源要多于忘记项目,而虚报项目所得到的加工资源最少,表明不论是外显还是内隐记忆,在编码阶段都需要获得一定的加工资源,否则就会从记忆痕迹中消失,甚至产生错误记忆。 相似文献
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干扰负载对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童视觉工作记忆的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为考察编码和提取阶段的干扰负载对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童视觉工作记忆的影响。本研究采用纸笔测验,分别要求被试对编码和提取阶段的材料进行操作。结果发现,编码阶段,干扰负载对两组被试的影响没有显著差异;提取阶段,干扰负载对ADHD组被试的影响显著大于普通组被试。相对于普通组儿童而言,ADHD儿童的视觉工作记忆更易受到干扰负载的影响,这种影响体现在提取阶段。 相似文献
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通过调查某大学30名英语专业四年级学生的记笔记行为，试图揭示记笔记的两大功能（解码功能和外储存功能）对不同类型的任务表现（近迁移和远迁移）的影响。实验表明：记笔记与不记笔记（解码功能）对近迁移和远迁移任务表现没有显著影响，复习笔记与不复习笔记（外储存功能）对近迁移任务没有显著影响，但对远迁移任务却有显著的消极作用；还讨论了该结果对英语教学的启示，包括对考生参加含有记笔记任务的测试的指导意义等。 相似文献
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Ben A. Williams 《Learning & behavior》1989,17(2):223-233
Previous research has produced conflicting results regarding the effects of component duration on interactions in multiple schedules. In Experiment 1, potential sources of this conflict were evaluated. Both the effects of absolute reinforcement rate and carry-over effects (hysteresis) from a preceding condition were isolated. When 10-sec components were used, the sensitivity of relative response rate to relative reinforcement rate was affected very little by hysteresis effects and absolute reinforcement rate, but it was systematically reduced as a function of the number of prior conditions. Sensitivity to relative reinforcement rate was also substantially higher with the 10-sec components than with 2-min components. In Experiment 2, this effect of component duration was decomposed into two separate effects. Contrast effects during presentation of a target component with a constant reinforcement rate were greater the shorter the target component was itself; but they were smaller the shorter the alternative component in which reinforcement rate was varied. The latter effect was smaller and more unreliable across subjects. The existence of these two separate effects demonstrates that the usual method of studying component duration—that is, holding all components equal in duration—systematically causes underestimation of the effects of the component duration, and obscures the different processes controlling the two effects. 相似文献
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In a typical conditional discrimination, a target stimulus (X) is reinforced during one feature cue (A→X+), but not during
another feature cue (B→X−). The present experiments used only a single “feature” cue (a 66-sec tone). On half of the trials,
the target stimulus (a 400-msec light) was paired with the reinforcer when the feature-target interval was one duration (e.g.,
5 sec). On the remaining trials, the interval was different (e.g., 45 sec), and the target stimulus was presented without
the reinforcer. All the animals acquired this temporal discrimination, and subsequent testing with other feature-target intervals
yielded generalization-like gradients. These results provide solid evidence that each portion of a feature cue is encoded
in a distinctive fashion. Had temporal encoding not occurred, the feature cue would have been just as ambiguous a predictor
of the reinforcer as was the target stimulus, and discrimination would not have been possible. The integration of real-time
temporal encoding mechanisms into models of conditional discrimination is discussed. 相似文献
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Six water-deprived pigeons were exposed to a fixed-time 90-sec water schedule with and without a conspecific target available. Target contacts and the pigeon’s location in the test chamber during the interreinforcement interval were recorded, and the results were compared with those previously obtained with food reinforcement. Prior to target introduction, water-reinforced birds spent more total time in the front near the reinforcer dispenser and less in the rear than food-reinforced birds and, unlike food-reinforced birds, exhibited postreinforcement drinking-like behaviors near the reinforcer dispenser before moving away from that area. With the target available, the level, topography, and duration of target-directed biting pecks were comparable for food- and water-reinforced pigeons. In contrast, the temporal organization of target pecks reflected the different temporal and spatial organizations of behavior prior to target introduction. For both food- and water-reinforced birds, the time between reinforcers at which a bird was spatially situated halfway between the front and rear of the chamber prior to target presentation was positively correlated with the time at which maximum target contact subsequently occurred. 相似文献