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1.
Students can struggle to understand and use terms that describe probabilities. Such struggles lead to difficulties comprehending classroom conversations. In this article, we describe some specific misunderstandings a group of students (ages 11–12) held in regard to vocabulary such as certain, likely and unlikely. We discuss our efforts to help the students use such terms appropriately. In particular, we show how engaging students in a game requiring the use of the terms helped them begin to develop their vocabulary more fully. We also explain how a probability ladder visual organizer helped students begin to organize their thinking about the meanings of terms relative to one another. 相似文献
2.
Claire Margolinas Lalina Coulange Annie Bessot 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,59(1-3):205-234
Our research is concerned with teacher’s knowledge, and especially with teacher’s processes of learning, in the classroom,
from observing and interacting with students’ work. In the first part of the paper, we outline the theoretical framework of
our study and distinguish it from some other perspectives. We argue for the importance of distinguishing a kind of teacher’s
knowledge, which we call didactic knowledge. In this paper, we concentrate on a subcategory of this knowledge, namely observational didactic knowledge, which grows from teacher’s observation and reflection upon students’ mathematical activity in the classroom. In modeling
the processes of evolution of this particular knowledge in teachers, we are inspired, among others, by some general aspects
of the theory of didactic situations. In the second part of the paper, the model is applied in two case studies of teachers
conducting ordinary lessons. In conclusion, we will discuss what seems to be taken into account by teachers as they observe
students’ activity, and how in-service teacher training can play a role in modifying their knowledge about students’ ways
of dealing with mathematical problems. 相似文献
3.
In this paper we describe the efforts of foreign university teachers in graduate schools in Thailand as they incorporate cultural knowledge into their classroom teaching styles and methodology. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews we have gathered qualitative data on the teachers’ concerns, mindsets and their proposed solutions. We build up our discussion in several stages. We set the scene by discussing the importance of cultural sensitivity in settings where teacher and learners have different cultural backgrounds. We then introduce the concept of cultural intelligence and use this to help us examine the literature on cultural sensitivity in teaching from a new perspective. We then describe the cultural context of teaching in Thailand and offer empirical data from our respondents’ experiences. From our research data we identified five main aspects of Thai culture where teachers felt the need to expand/adapt their existing teaching repertoires. These aspects are: fun/sanuk; hierarchy/kreng jai; authority with a kind heart/jai dee; collectivist group activities; and localized class content. We discuss our findings in relation to cultural adjustments that the teachers sought to make and, in conclusion, link this discussion to our earlier examination of cultural intelligence. 相似文献
4.
Shannon Portillo Danielle S. Rudes Lincoln B. Sloas Kirsten Hutzell Paula Salamoun 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(1):68-96
Undergraduate programs across the country are working to develop students as scholars, integrating independent scholarly experiences into traditional undergraduate classroom environments (see, e.g. George Mason University's Students as Scholars Quality Enhancement Plan; Boston University’s Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program; University of Houston’s Learning through Discovery; University of Michigan’s Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program; etc.). Scholars and universities have touted the benefits of engaging students in research experiences for students as well as faculty. However, there is little empirical work exploring how undergraduate students adapt to their new role as scholars. In this paper, we explore the process of students integrating research into their undergraduate classroom experience. Based on participant observation and pre and postsemester survey data, we discuss the process of students learning as scholars in a capstone Criminology, Law & Society course. We focus on how students gathered and analyzed data and integrated their research experience into their overall learning for the course. We find the process of research reinforces the learning objectives of the course. 相似文献
5.
To better inform and improve classroom teaching and learning, now more than ever before, educational researchers need to effectively and efficiently describe essential components of positive learning environments. In this article, we discuss how our research findings about motivation in classrooms have led to a closer examination of emotions. We describe how motivation theories such as Academic Risk Taking, Flow Theory, and Goal Theory have helped us better understand emotions in our classroom research. Our findings suggest that engaging students in learning requires consistently positive emotional experiences, which contribute to a classroom climate that forms the foundation for teacher–student relationships and interactions necessary for motivation to learn. We conclude that we need to integrate emotion, motivation, and cognition theoretically and methodologically to move our research forward. New theories and methods, even new forms of intellectual discourse, are required. Therefore, we end this article by beginning a discussion of new directions for conceptualizing and researching classrooms in ways that will involve examining the emotions of students and teachers.
相似文献
| Debra K. MeyerEmail: |
6.
Carmen Fies Juliet Langman 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(6):1415-1438
We report on a case study that took place in a southwestern culturally and linguistically diverse urban high school science
classroom during a grade recovery summer session. The introduction of a technology-infused unit on epidemiology engaged students
in a multi-contextual exploration of the spread of diseases. The analysis of the resultant classroom discourse centers on
connections made and identities expressed by the students (as students, social beings, avatars, and scientists), with particular
attention to how these students use language to bridge worlds (the participatory simulation world, the classroom world, the ‘real’ world (outside the classroom), and the laboratory (science)
world). The results indicate that including a participatory technology tool supported students’ learning journey. Specifically,
students built on a shared virtual experience in ways that helped them to draw and expand on prior experiences well beyond
the classroom in the service of developing science understanding. 相似文献
7.
Drawing on 60 qualitative interviews with Canada research chairs (CRCs), we explore their careers in context. We develop a
model to understand the intersection of individual and institutional factors that shape the everyday experiences of the CRCs.
The model shows the dialectical relationship between faculty identity, research, relations with colleagues and students, and
institutional practices and structures. We classify individuals’ experiences as “good,” “bad,” or “ugly.” The interviews show
that while a majority of CRCs have a positive experience, others have a negative experience that is prone to becoming ugly
when institutional practices and systemic factors impede the work of the CRC. We discuss the perceived problems with the CRC
program from the standpoint of Chairholders, and the implications of our findings for the CRC program and universities. As
well, we propose that additional research on the professoriate is needed to determine whether or not the model from our study
is generalizable beyond our sample. 相似文献
8.
James L. Myers 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2006,7(2):162-172
In a case study, I applied philosophical hermeneutic principles in an advanced level EFL writing class in Taiwan. A “fusion
of horizons” occurs at the junction of two intertwined interpretations: one from our socio-historical tradition and the other
from our experience of novel phenomena. I explored students’ hermeneutic horizons in relation to Nietzsche’s textWill and Wave. Data collection was through classroom observations, informant interviews, and an analysis of three students’ interpretive
essays. The results indicated that students experienced particular difficulties comprehending metaphors and the author’s purpose.
Comprehension was a painstaking effort for most students because of their perceived ambiguity of Nietzsche’s message. Nevertheless,
the text evoked personal stories and new perspectives for some students 相似文献
9.
Chit-Kwong Kong 《Learning Environments Research》2008,11(2):111-129
It is generally believed that classroom learning experiences very much influence students’ academic development. However,
relatively little is known about whether classroom learning experiences have much effect on students’ affective and social
development. In this study, we argued for the importance of learning experiences on students’ affective and social development.
From research on Accelerated Schools Project and active learning, we conceptualised Positive Learning Experiences, Teacher
Support in Learning, and Active Learning Experiences as three components of learning experiences and developed relevant measures
to tap these learning experiences. Using research data from a large-scale student survey in Hong Kong (N = 19,477), we examined the construct validity of learning experiences and quality of school life. Confirmatory factor analysis
provided very strong support for the measures and the underlying constructs that they tap. In two-way analysis of variance,
the effects of gender and school level (secondary versus primary) on learning experiences and quality of school life were
examined. Significant gender and school-level main effects, as well as gender by school-level interaction effects, were found
for students’ ratings of their learning experiences and quality of school life. Female students gave more favourable ratings
than male students, and primary students gave more favourable ratings than secondary students. In addition, gender differences
in these ratings in secondary schools were relatively smaller than in primary schools. In subsequent multilevel modelling,
learning experiences were strong predictors of quality of school life after controlling for the effects of gender, school
level and average school achievement. These findings provide strong empirical support for the significance of classroom learning
experiences for students’ social and affective development.
相似文献
| Chit-Kwong KongEmail: |
10.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has declared in an advertising campaign that “you can’t start
young enough” in science. However, there is no long-term data evaluating the effect of early exposure to original scientific
research on producing career scientists. To address this issue, we examined a hands-on summer science research program for
high school students that ran from 1958 to 1972. We compared participants in that program with science students that only
began their hands-on research experience once in university. Our data indicate that students who are interested in science
and have an opportunity to participate in original scientific research while in high school are significantly more likely
(p < .005) to both enter and maintain a career in science compared to students whose first research experience didn’t occur until university. Our data
suggest that more hands-on high school science research programs could help increase the number of students entering and maintaining
scientific careers, relieving the growing concern that North America is losing its leadership status in the international
scientific community. 相似文献
11.
12.
This review essay adds to the conversation to which Allison Skerrett and Hannah Sevian contribute in their article, Identity and biography as mediators of science and mathematics faculty’s involvement in K-12 service. Here we address the need to reconceptualize faculty service in public schools and traditional notions of scholarship. We
discuss the importance of transforming university structures that envision service as less important than “scholarship” and
“teaching” while mediating hierarchical ideas of what “service” entails. We share a dialectical view of social life and an
ethical stance that values polysemy and polyphony both in research and in our daily interactions. Here we employ a dialectical
lens that seeks multiple perspectives as we engage in a dialogue about these issues. 相似文献
13.
Romaizah Salleh Grady J. Venville David F. Treagust 《Research in Science Education》2007,37(3):291-312
With increasing numbers of students learning science through a second language in many school contexts, there is a need for
research to focus on the impact language has on students’ understanding of science concepts. Like other countries, Brunei
has adopted a bilingual system of education that incorporates two languages in imparting its curriculum. For the first three
years of school, Brunei children are taught in Malay and then for the remainder of their education, instruction is in English.
This research is concerned with the influence that this bilingual education system has on children’s learning of science.
The purpose was to document the patterns of Brunei students’ developing understandings of the concepts of living and non-living
things and examine the impact in the change in language as the medium of instruction. A cross-sectional case study design
was used in one primary school. Data collection included an interview (n = 75), which consisted of forced-response and semi-structured interview questions, a categorisation task and classroom observation.
Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results indicate that the transition from Malay to English as the
language of instruction from Primary 4 onwards restricted the students’ ability to express their understandings about living
things, to discuss related scientific concepts and to interpret and analyse scientific questions. From a social constructivist
perspective these language factors will potentially impact on the students’ cognitive development by limiting the expected
growth of the students’ understandings of the concepts of living and non-living things.
A paper accepted by Research in Science Education, August, 2006. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, we report an analysis of metaphors used by three science teachers in their classroom discourse and consider
the implications of this research for the image of science that students are likely to construct. Teacher beliefs about the
nature of science are implicit and entrenched and may be contrary to both contemporary philosophies of science and constructivist
theory. We argue that the presence of metaphors such ateaching as a journey, knowledge as object andteacher as pathfinder in teachers' classroom discourse signify the implicit existence of a powerful objectivist epistemology that governs teachers'
pedagogies. If students are to construct contemporary views of the nature of science and if constuctivist pedagogy is to develop
in the science classroom then science teachers need to reflect on their use of these role-determining objectivist metaphors. 相似文献
15.
Chinese students’ science-related experiences: Comparison of the ROSE study in Xinjiang and Shanghai
Background: Students’ daily-life experiences may render favorable effects on the students’ affective domain like interest, enthusiasm, motivation, joy, curiosity, awareness, and eagerness to learn science as not commonly found in the classroom environment. However, no rigorous research has been reported on those aspects in Mainland China despite many recent studies done in various Western countries.Purpose: This paper aims to report and compare the science-related experiences of ninth-graders from two places (in Urumqi City of Xinjiang province and Shanghai) in China through a large-scale survey of their junior secondary three students.Sample: The sample consists of 4115 students in Urumqi City (from 28 schools) and Shanghai (from 25 schools).Design and methods: This study adopted a Likert scale questionnaire instrument, as translated from the international Relevance Of Science Education (ROSE) Project. From a confirmatory factor analysis of the data, we identify and focus on six factors which are directly correlated with students’ science-related experiences outside school environment in Xinjiang and Shanghai and employ relevant factor scores to compare the gender, regional, and socioeconomic effects.Results: As revealed by the t-test, gender and regional differences were statistically significant in affecting (1) students’ outdoor living experience, (2) hands-on experience of transportation, and (3) their daily-life experience with do-it-yourself tools and models. In all three aspects, boys and Xinjiang students possessed richer experiences than girls and Shanghai students, respectively.Conclusions: Based on ANOVA tests, Shanghai students’ out-of-school science-related experiences were more often significantly affected by various socioeconomic variables (including their parents’ education and occupation and their family income) than Xinjiang students. From cross-regional comparison, Chinese students had much fewer science-related experiences than those of Greek and Finnish students. The limitations and educational implications of the present study are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACTA Playable Case Study (PCS) is a hybrid learning experience where students (1) participate in a fictional narrative that unfolds through an immersive, simulated environment and (2) engage in classroom activities and lessons that provide educational scaffolding and promote metacognition through in-game and out-of-game experiences. We present the Microcore PCS to illustrate the potential of this new type of experiential simulation that incorporates aspects of Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) to increase immersion and teach workplace literacies in the technical communication classroom. We explore results from a pilot test of Microcore with an undergraduate technical communication course, identifying design strategies that worked well and others that led to improvements that are currently being incorporated. We also provide questions to prompt future research of playable case studies and discuss our findings in a broader context of technical communication pedagogy. 相似文献
17.
Alison Happel-Parkins Jennifer Esposito 《Educational Studies A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association》2015,51(1):3-16
This article examines how undergraduate instructors of pre-service educators can address complex issues of sexuality and sexual orientation within the classroom. First, we explain our own backgrounds and positionalities to provide a context for our ensuing ideas and discussions. Second, by reviewing the literature on homophobic bullying, we outline why it is imperative that preservice teachers understand and mobilize around issues of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex rights. Third, we offer suggestions as to how to relate to undergraduate students when talking about sexuality and sexual orientation. We propose that using popular culture is an effective and engaging way of connecting to preservice teachers who have not previously had to confront their own homophobia and heterosexism. We suggest that using popular films or TV shows, such as Ugly Betty, has the potential to open up space for dialogue and critical engagement with issues such as explicit or implicit homophobia. We believe that critical media literacy skills are necessary tools for young people who are constantly bombarded with oftentimes stereotypical images and personifications of GLBTQI people within the mainstream media. Consequently, although we propose that popular culture be used as an educative space within the undergraduate classroom, it must be used both carefully and critically. Finally, we discuss why it is imperative that undergraduate professors address these issues within the classroom by referencing recent tragedies that are directly connected to homophobic bullying. 相似文献
18.
William B. Irvine 《Academic Questions》2000,14(1):42-49
Conclusion After dealing with student relativism for decades, I have come to the conclusion that it is a view students can fairly easily
be talked out of. It is not at all difficult to reveal to students the extent to which they are closet absolutists. It is
also not difficult to reveal to them that their fondness for relativism is in large part due to their misunderstanding the
nature of absolutism. A number of misconceptions surround absolutism, and students fall victim to these misconceptions. It
doesn’t help matters that many of their college professors have fallen victim to these same misconceptions and as a result
encourage student relativism. In their minds, by encouraging relativism, they are encouraging tolerance in the classroom.
As we have seen, though, absolutism is not synonymous with intolerance. Morality allows us to be tolerant in some cases, but
requires us to be intolerant in others. By confronting relativism in the classroom—by correcting students' mistaken beliefs
about absolutism—college professors are taking an important step in fostering their students' development as moral beings.
Editor’s Note: This essay by William B. Irvine and the subsequent article by Charles Landesman are loosely tied by subject matter. They
both address academic dimensions of morality. The former charts from its author’s experience in the classroom a landscape
of the relativism that prevails among today's undergraduates. The latter explores the realm of the academic moralists, where
we find scholars and philosophers projecting their political longings as unconditional imperatives for a just society. The
two territories trade on each other's needs. The dreams of the moralists for diversity or multiculturalism provide alternatives
to genuine ethical deliberation in a packaged philosophy that affords students the luxury of never having to formulate their
own moral framework.
William B. Irvine is an associate professor in the Department of Philosophy at Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. Paragon
House is to release his Doing Right by Children: Reflections on the Nature of Childhood and the Obligations of Parenthood in 2001. 相似文献
19.
This study examines young children’s ideas about natural science phenomena and explores possibilities in starting investigations
in kindergarten from their ideas. Given the possibilities inherent in how young children make sense of their experiences,
we believe it is critical to take children’s perspectives into consideration when designing any activities, and ideally, to
design activities from their perspectives and understandings. Specifically, this research focuses on 5- and 6-year old children’s explanations of
rainbows, and there are three main findings. First, our analysis demonstrates that opportunities to discuss their ideas revealed
children’s different perceptions of the phenomena of rainbows. Secondly, this research emphasizes that peer-to-peer interaction
in the co-construction of science concepts provided support to the children to learn from, and with, each other. Third, children’s initial explanations provided the teacher-researcher (second author) with a starting point
to scaffold her teaching from. Although rainbows are quite an abstract topic to try to reproduce in the classroom, the children
demonstrated their often sophisticated understandings of natural science phenomena, as well as their creative ideas as related
to rainbows. In order to foster an appreciation of themes in natural science, it is crucial to build from what children already
know and can do, and to use these emergent theories and considerations in designing curriculum. Thus, we draw implications
for the importance of teaching science at the early childhood level and for using children’s ideas as starting points in planning
instruction. 相似文献
20.
To address the shortage of professionals in measurement, it is essential that we make young career‐seekers aware that measurement is an option as a profession. In this paper, we discuss how creating a strong pipeline of students into our field involves personal interactions between faculty representing the graduate programs in measurement and undergraduate students, in addition to the equally important task of educating instructors of undergraduates about our field. We describe advertising strategies that, in our experience, catch and hold the attention of undergraduates, resulting in many of them investigating graduate training in measurement. After attracting students to the field, we must engage them in practice, enabling them to build an identity as a measurement professional. In general, we believe that although it is possible to attract some students via non‐personal advertising strategies (e.g., articles, websites), measurement professionals must personally reach out to young people to connect them with the field. 相似文献