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1.
Barbara J. Reys Robert E. Reys Alfinio Flores Peñafiel 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1991,22(4):353-375
What computational estimation skills and strategies do Mexican students possess? Does the theoretical model based on interviews with a select United States sample accurately describe the Mexican sample? These were questions studied based on interviews with 8 eighth graders (those scoring in the top 5%) out of a sample of 177 eighth graders from twelve different Mexican schools representing a range of social and economic backgrounds. Preliminary screening data collected by administering a computational estimation test revealed that estimation was very difficult for the Mexican students (mean 4.0, range of 0 to 18 on the 38-item open-ended test). The interviews revealed that the Mexican students as a whole did employ the three general cognitive processes outlined in the theoretical model, namely reformulation, translation, and compensation. The most common strategy employed was the front-end technique. Similarly, a frequent strategy used to “estimate” was mentally applying a paper/pencil algorithm. In contrast to data collected under similar conditions in Japan and the United States, rounding was a strategy only occasionally used in the interviews. The use of benchmarks (key reference points used as bounds in forming an estimate) as a strategy for estimating problems involving percent was common and may reflect students' “out-of-school” experience with mathematical applications. Consistent with parallel investigations with Japanese and United States students, these Mexican strudents rarely reflected on their estimates through their own initiative and rarely recognized unreasonable estimates. 相似文献
2.
Martin Carlsen 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2010,74(2):95-116
The aim of this article is to illustrate how students, through collaborative small-group problem solving, appropriate the
concept of geometric series. Student appropriation of cultural tools is dependent on five sociocultural aspects: involvement
in joint activity, shared focus of attention, shared meanings for utterances, transforming actions and utterances and use
of pre-existing cultural knowledge from the classroom in small-group problem solving. As an analytical point of departure,
four mathematical theoretical components are identified when appropriating the cultural tool of geometric series: (1) estimating
of parameters, (2) establishing of the general term, (3) composing of the sum and (4) deciding on convergence. Analyses of
five excerpts focused on the students’ social processes of knowledge objectification and the corresponding semiotic means,
i.e., lecture notes, linguistic devices, gestures, head movements and gaze, to obtain shared foci and meanings. The investigation
of these processes unveils the manner in which the students established links to pre-existing mathematical knowledge in the
classroom and how they simultaneously combined the various mathematical theoretical components that go into appropriating
the cultural tool of geometric series. From the excerpts, it is evident that the students’ participation changes throughout
their involvement in the problem-solving process. The students are gaining mathematical knowing through a process of transforming
and by establishing shared meanings for the concept and its theoretical components. 相似文献
3.
为顺应工程教育认证对土木工程专业学生英语应用能力的要求,提高土木工程专业英语课程的教学效果,利用问卷在厦门理工学院土木工程专业学生中进行教改调研,了解学生对专业英语学习的真实态度和个人诉求。根据调研数据,分析和讨论了学生对土木工程专业英语学习的认同度及其变化规律。文章的研究结论可以为土木工程专业的其他课程,在进行课程建设或教学大纲修改时提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Although studies on students’ difficulties in producing mathematical proofs have been carried out in different countries,
few research workers have focussed their attention on the identification of mathematical proof schemes in university students.
This information is potentially useful for secondary school teachers and university lecturers. In this article, we study mathematical
proof schemes of students starting their studies at the University of Córdoba (Spain) and we relate these schemes to the meanings
of mathematical proof in different institutional contexts: daily life, experimental sciences, professional mathematics, logic
and foundations of mathematics. The main conclusion of our research is the difficulty of the deductive mathematical proof
for these students. Moreover, we suggest that the different institutional meanings of proof might help to explain this difficulty.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Aeneas Rooch Philipp Junker Jörg Härterich Klaus Hackl 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2016,41(2):172-191
Too difficult, too abstract, too theoretical – many first-year engineering students complain about their mathematics courses. The project MathePraxis aims to resolve this disaffection. It links mathematical methods as they are taught in the first semesters with practical problems from engineering applications – and thereby shall give first-year engineering students a vivid and convincing impression of where they will need mathematics in their later working life. But since real applications usually require more than basic mathematics and first-year engineering students typically are not experienced with construction, mensuration and the use of engineering software, such an approach is hard to realise. In this article, we show that it is possible. We report on the implementation of MathePraxis at Ruhr-Universität Bochum. We describe the set-up and the implementation of a course on designing a mass damper which combines basic mathematical techniques with an impressive experiment. In an accompanying evaluation, we have examined the students' motivation relating to mathematics. This opens up new perspectives how to address the need for a more practically oriented mathematical education in engineering sciences. 相似文献
7.
Mathematical Modelling: the Interaction of Culture and Practice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Susan Molyneux-Hodgson Teresa Rojano Rosamund Sutherland Sonia Ursini 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,39(1-3):167-183
Using a sociocultural approach we analyse the results of a Mexican/British project which investigated the ways in which mathematics
is used in the practice of school science and the role of spreadsheets as a mathematical modelling tool. After discussing
the different school cultures experienced by two groups of pre-university 16–18 year old students we analyse how these different
cultures influenced their practice of mathematics, as well as their work with mathematical spreadsheet modelling activities.
There were clear differences between the two groups of students in their preference for external representations, in their
understanding of the kind of answers they were expected to produce and in the way they conceived the role of mathematics in
the practice of science. Although students preferences for a particular representation were not significantly modified by
the use of a spreadsheet as a modelling resource, at the end of the study the students recognised the value of using a more
diverse set of representations. The results obtained suggest the possibility of enhancing students' capability to shift between
a wider range of representations, including graphical, algebraic and numeric ones, using a modelling approach embedded in
a computer environment such as a spreadsheet.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
This paper investigates the role of tools in the formation of mathematical practices and the construction of mathematical
meanings in the setting of a telecommunication organization through the actions undertaken by a group of technicians in their
working activity. The theoretical and analytical framework is guided by the first-generation activity theory model and Leont’ev’s
work on the three-tiered explanation of activity. Having conducted a 1-year ethnographic research study, we identified, classified,
and correlated the tools that mediated the technicians’ activity, and we studied the mathematical meanings that emerged. A
systemic network was generated, presenting the categories of tools such as mathematical (communicative, processes, and concepts)
and non-mathematical (physical and written texts). This classification was grounded on data from three central actions of
the technicians’ activity, while the constant interrelation and association of these tools during the working process addressed
the mathematical practices and supported the construction of mathematical meanings that this group developed from the researchers’
perspective. Technicians’ emerging mathematical meanings referred to place value, spatial, and algebraic relations and were
expressed through personal algorithms and metaphorical and metonymic reasoning. Finally, the educational implications of the
findings are discussed. 相似文献
9.
阐述了应用型本科院校土木工程专业学生工程素质培养的重要性,分析了我校土木工程专业人才的培养目标,提出了加强实习基地建设,培养学生的工程素质,深化土木工程专业的人才培养模式改革.在实习基地建设过程中充分利用高校、企业和科研机构在人才培养上的优势,建立校内实习基地、校外实习基地,确实保证实践教学的要求.经过几年的专业建设,我们的专业人才培养模式取得了较好的成效,可供同类院校参考. 相似文献
10.
Dennis Barker 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1988,13(1):1-15
The possibility of using diagnostic tests was explored and several tests were used with civil engineering students to see if they would be useful in selecting students for the civil engineering degree course. The performance of students on the tests used was compared with the examination results and it was found that the tests showed a little promise. It will be necessary to design a test specifically for civil engineering students. On the other hand perhaps our methods of teaching and examining subjects fundamental to civil engineering should be examined in depth. The results from the tests used indicated a culture gap between home and overseas students and the need for a database of student information. 相似文献
11.
Teo Paoletti Irma E. Stevens Natalie L. F. Hobson Kevin C. Moore Kevin R. LaForest 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2018,97(1):93-109
Researchers have argued teachers and students are not developing connected meanings for function inverse, thus calling for a closer examination of teachers’ and students’ inverse function meanings. Responding to this call, we characterize 25 pre-service teachers’ inverse function meanings as inferred from our analysis of clinical interviews. After summarizing relevant research, we describe the methodology and theoretical framework we used to interpret the pre-service teachers’ activities. We then present data highlighting the techniques the pre-service teachers used when responding to tasks that involved analytical and graphical representations of functions and inverse functions in both decontextualized and contextualized situations and discuss our inferences of their meanings based on their activities. We conclude with implications for the teaching and learning of inverse function and areas for future research. 相似文献
12.
"结构力学"是土木、水利、交通及桥梁工程专业为设计建筑工程结构提供理论依据和计算数据的重要基础课程,它以其独有的课程特性、难度和灵活的解题技巧而为众多相关专业的师生所高度重视。文章通过对"结构力学"主要知识点学习方法的论述及相关解题技巧的分析,旨在培养学生掌握灵活的结构分析方法,开阔解题思路,提高结构计算能力,为工程类专业知识的学习奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study is to understand the motivating factors behind students’ choices in their decision-making process and also get an insight on their perception of different engineering branches. A survey was prepared and the results were evaluated amongst 1163 answers. Two major influences on student's decision in their professional choices are shown to be career services and family members. Generally, students have claimed to choose a profession based on ‘finding a job’ and ‘being happy’. Some engineering branches such as Genetic and Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Industrial Engineering, are shown to be distinctly preferred by female students, whereas mechanical, civil and electronic engineering are favourites for male students. The survey results were also compared with the distribution of male and female students in various engineering departments. This study clearly shows that certain engineering branches are perceived as more appropriate for women and are thus favoured by female students, while those perceived as more appropriate for men are favoured by male students. 相似文献
14.
Carlos A. LópezLeiva Zayoni Torres Lena L. Khisty 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2013,8(4):919-934
As English-only efforts continue in the US schooling system, dual-language programs have served as attempts to preserve students’ home language. An after-school, dual-language, Spanish–English, mathematics program, Los Rayos was developed in a predominantly Mexican/Mexican–American neighborhood in Chicago. As participant observers with a sociocultural perspective, we explored the linguistic and personal resources used by participating 4th grade bilingual Latina/o students. We found that students used imaginative, playful, and hybrid linguistic resources to make sense of and solve probability tasks when engaged within a zone of mathematical practice. Results challenge narrow perspectives on bilingual students’ linguistic resources. Language implications are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Voices from Mexico: How American Teachers can Meet the Needs of Mexican Immigrant Students 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study 18 Mexican teachers of English as a foreign language in Guanajuato, Mexico were asked for their professional
opinion about the teaching of English to Mexican immigrant students in the U.S. Teachers responded to a questionnaire that
asked about attitudes toward the U.S. educational system, ways to support Mexican immigrant students, advice for American
teachers, and Mexican students’ motivation for learning English. Respondents averaged 4 years of teaching English at various
levels ranging from elementary to university. Half of the teachers had received some K-12 education in the U.S. Respondents
held generally positive views regarding the U.S. educational system, but felt American teachers could do a better job in teaching
Mexican immigrant students. They offered numerous linguistic and culturally responsive suggestions for improving upon the
learning of English and the academic performance of immigrant students. 相似文献
16.
Giorgio T. Bagni 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2006,62(3):259-280
The main focus of this paper is on the study of students' conceptual understanding of two major concepts of Set Theory – the concepts of inclusion and belonging. To do so, we analyze two experimental classroom episodes. Our analysis rests on the theoretical idea that, from an ontogenetic viewpoint, the cognitive activity of representation of mathematical objects draws its meaning from different semiotic systems framed by their own cultural context. Our results suggest that the successful accomplishment of knowledge attainment seems to be linked to the students' ability to suitably distinguish and coordinate the meanings and symbols of the various semiotic systems (e.g. verbal, diagrammatic and symbolic) that encompass their mathematical experience. 相似文献
17.
Richard Kirk 《Journal of Latinos & Education》2018,17(3):257-271
This qualitative study examines how Mexican American students participating in an AVID for Higher Education course perceived their preparation for the workforce and efficacy of completing a college credential. A focus group approach was used to explore how social and cultural networks (networks for success) contribute to college completion. The study is guided by the theoretical framework of building social networks through the availability and reception of social capital. Findings include Mexican American students’ efficacious beliefs of how networks for success assist in their persistence toward college graduation and entry into the workforce. Major themes are college success and social/cultural capital. 相似文献
18.
李桂红 《邢台职业技术学院学报》2011,28(1):5-8
本文依照学生思维发展过程特点以工程构筑物构造认识和施工图阅读为基础,设计了《土木工程制图》的学习情境,通过学习情境的实施使学生掌握土木工程专业技能,培养其综合素质,以达到该课程的培养目标。本文的相关研究成果与结论不仅对《土木工程制图》教学改革有借鉴作用,而且对于其他相关课程的教学改革也具有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
19.
Paulo C. Oliveira Cristina G. Oliveira 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(2):201-211
In this paper, we present a teaching proposal used in an Introductory Physics course to civil engineering students from Porto's Engineering Institute/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). The proposal was born from the need to change students’ perception and motivation for learning physics. It consists in the use of an integrator element, called the physics elevator project. This integrator element allows us to use, in a single project, all the content taught in the course and uses several active learning strategies. In this paper, we analyse this project as: (i) a clarifying element of the contents covered in the course; (ii) a promoter element of motivation and active participation in class and finally and (iii) a link between the contents covered in the course and the ‘real world’. The data were collected by a questionnaire and interviews to students. From the data collected, it seems that the integrator element improves students’ motivation towards physics and develops several skills that they consider to be important to their professional future. It also acts as a clarifying element and makes the connection between the physics that is taught and the ‘real world’. 相似文献
20.
Informatics is a first-year subject in the new Bachelor of Engineering/Graduate Diploma in Engineering Practice degree at the University of Technology, Sydney. All undergraduate engineering students must do this subject irrespective of their intended engineering discipline (civil, mechanical, environmental systems, electrical, telecommunications, computer systems). The focus of this subject is to introduce students to computational tools (such as spreadsheets and programming languages) and information retrieval tools (such as the World Wide Web), which support engineering, as well as looking at the effective and professional use of these tools. Informatics has three core elements: the development of specific skills which will assist students in both their studies and their professional practice; the development of an ability to continue to develop further skills independently; and consideration of a wide variety of issues related to the computational tools that the students are using. Examples of the issues covered include: privacy; accuracy of content; fraud; security; the professional and ethical responsibility of engineers for the results of their calculations; selecting the best tool for the job; and limitations of computational tools. This paper will review the activities and challenges the students faced, describe the approaches that we adopted and the various issues we raised, the expected and actual outcomes arising from the activities, and our plans for the future of the subject. 相似文献