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1.
Kimberly LeChasseur 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(3):305-320
This article uses a critical race theory lens to explore how members of one community-district partnership understand “community.” Engaging the community through full service schools (Dryfoos & Maguire, 2002), parent engagement programs (Comer & Emmons, 2006), lab schools through universities (Goldring & Sims, 2005), and other partnerships have become a major strand of reform in schools and districts. However, there is a dearth of critical scholarship that explores the contested meanings and implications of evoking community-laden terminology and approaches (Sanders, 2003; Warren, 2005). Using a grounded theory approach, this case study draws from a combination of ethnographic observations of governance meetings, committee meetings, and events over a year and a half; semi-structured interviews with 11 governance council members from the school district and other partners; and document analysis. Iterative rounds of coding identified ten concepts that were organized into three key categories: geographical and sociocultural conceptualizations of community, “community” as a euphemism, and structuring constraints and empowerment through advisory roles. These findings have broad implications for how we engage in community development and district partnership work in ways that are constructive, effective, and socially just. 相似文献
2.
V. Barbara Bush 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(10):623-638
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of key informants about the processes of institutional change and collaboration involved in the development of three early college high schools (ECHS)s over a 4-year period. The 15 study participants were members of early college high school councils and included high school principals, counselors, community college administrators, and school district administrators. Participants were located at two early college high schools located on community college campuses, and one was located on a school district site. This mixed methods study used a survey and structured interviews, both based loosely on case studies from Not so easy going: The policy environments of small urban schools and schools-within-schools (Raywid & Schmerler, 2003) and factors identified by the Wilder Collaboration Inventory (Mattessich & Monsey, 1992) as critical to successful collaboration. The findings of the study showed that the ECHS partnership, according to the majority of its members, exhibited (a) indicators of institutional change in policy and attitude toward collaboration; and (b) the success factors of history of collaboration, favorable political climate, appropriate cross section of members, collaboration seen in self interest, sharing a stake in process and outcome, shared decision making, concrete attainable goals and objectives, and shared vision. Success factors not showing a majority response were adequate resources, mutual respect, open and frequent communication, clear roles and policy guidelines, and sufficient funds. 相似文献
3.
Kathleen Madigan Richard W. Cross Lisa A. Strycker 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2016,22(7-8):402-421
This study evaluated the long-term impact of schoolwide positive behavioural interventions and supports (PBIS) on student academic achievement. In this quasi-experimental study, academic achievement data were collected over 9 years. The 21 elementary, middle, and high schools that achieved moderate to high fidelity to the Save & Civil Schools’ PBIS model were matched with 28 control schools to assess academic gains. There were 5 years of baseline data (no intervention in treatment schools) and 4 years of intervention data, including 1 year of maintenance. Results indicate that implementation of the PBIS programme was significantly associated with increased student academic achievement (p = .001) and that the rate of change for students’ academic achievement in treatment schools was greater than for students in control schools. This study suggests that PBIS programmes, such as Safe & Civil Schools’ Foundations, may complement other efforts to improve academic outcomes. 相似文献
4.
Individual differences in solution strategies have frequently been reported for different measures of mental rotation (MR) ability. In the present study (N = 346 German students), we investigated the relationship between solution strategies on two tests commonly used to identify different patterns of strategies: the Mental Rotations Test (MRT; Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978; Peters, Laeng, Lathan, Jackson, Zaiouna, & Richardson, 1995) and the Cube Comparison Test (CCT; Amthauer, 1953; Amthauer, Brocke, Liepmann, & Beauducel, 2001). The results revealed high convergent validity of the solution strategy assignment. Individuals using analytic (holistic) strategies on the MRT tended to use analytic (holistic) strategies also on the CCT. More females than males were identified as users of analytic solution strategies on the MRT. In addition, males tended to generally show a faster performance than did females. Our findings suggest that solution strategies in MR generalize across different tasks and are not an artifact of a particular test. 相似文献
5.
Scales to assess Japanese school environment were constructed based on the Classroom Environment Scale (CES) (Moos & Trickett,
1974) and a Japanese scale (Hirata, 1994). Factor analysis revealed four factors extracted from 61 items: Teacher Control,
Sense of Isolation, Order and Discipline, and ‘Wa’ Affiliation. The resulting Classroom Environment Scale (CES-J) consists
of 29 items. In Study I, 635 pupils from four junior high schools were compared on the CES-J, and statistically significant
school differences were found for Sense of Isolation, Order & Discipline and ‘Wa’ Affiliation. In Study II, the CES-J was
administered to 266 junior high school students, 106 juvenile delinquents and 11 non-attendant pupils. Delinquents showed
a stronger sense of isolation in the classroom, and non-attendant students reported more maladjustment regarding affiliation
with classmates. The results suggest that the CES-J is useful for assessing students' perceptions of the characteristics of
their schools. It was necessary to modify the CES for use in Japan, as well as for the factors which delineate the Japanese
school environment.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
The early results of a recent, as yet unfunded, study of the impact of markets on schools suggest that schools in Wales have become less stratified since 1988 in terms of indicators of poverty and educational need (Gorard & Fitz, 1998). The Smithfield study in New Zealand, on the other hand, concluded that market-like systems of choice had made segregation worse by advantaging the already advantaged (Waslander & Thrupp, 1997). Commentators in England, impressed by the range of existing secondary evidence from England, as well as from the Smithfield project, showing a relationship between school choice and class, have suggested that the picture for Wales is entirely a Welsh phenomenon. This article shows that this is not so, and that early results from a similar analysis in England confirm that between-school segregation has declined since 1998. It goes on to suggest that a fuller consideration of the interaction of poverty, markets and public monopoly schooling can help to resolve the dispute. The findings from Wales, the Cardiff study, did not fit in with the zeitgeist, appeared to contradict mainstream research on school choice, and threatened to defend the use of market forces in education policy. Of course, none of these are valid reasons for rejecting them. This article suggests that, despite the impressive work of the Smithfield project and others, there are few empirical or analytical reasons for rejecting the new findings either. It is proposed here that the linked notions of the starting-gun effect and the established market can resolve some of the apparent differences in the findings. 相似文献
7.
The research presented in this paper, based on ethnographic interviews with 19 female and 6 male Canadian teachers of Chinese ancestry, is part of a larger study examining perceptions of careers in teaching by secondary school and university students as well as practising teachers, all of minority Chinese or Punjabi Sikh ancestry (Beynon, Toohey & Kishor, 1992; Beynon & Toohey, 1995; Beynon & Toohey, 1998; Hirji & Beynon, 2000). Drawing on Britzman's (1992) theoretical distinction between teachers' roles and identities, the thesis of our research is that "role", which Britzman describes as impermeable and prescribed by normative institutional practices and ideologies, is, rather, potentially porous. We see that teachers of minority ancestry infuse their roles with new dimensions that draw on their identities. Hall's (1996) materialist theorizing helps us to see how identity, multifaceted and fluid, can be a source for negotiating roles. We recommend changes in teacher education and schools that would help to authorize transformation so that these settings which presently privilege the values, practices and discourses of the dominant Anglo-European Canadian society can become more inclusive of the identities and experiences of minority teachers. 相似文献
8.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(3):37-40
Psychology Spelling and Education Chris M. Sterling and Cliff Robson Multilingual Matters Ltd 1992 Adelaide $39.50 (Paperback) $114.00 (Hardback) Computers and Schools Lawrie Shears (editor) 1995 Camberwell, Victoria Australian Council for Educational Research $24.95 Paperback, 17cm × 25cm, 149 pages Dyslexia ‐ An Introductory Guide Jim Doyle 1996 London, UK Whurr Publishers Ltd $28.00 ? Students at Risk: A Review of Australian Literature 1980–1994, ACER Research Monograph No. 46 ? Programs for At‐Risk Youth: A Review of the American, Canadian and British Literature since 1984, ACER Research Monograph No. 47 No. 46: Margaret Batten & Jean Russell No. 47: Graeme Withers & Margaret Batten 1995 Melbourne, Australia The Australian Council for Educational Research Limited $49.94 (Total for both books) $5.00 (Postage within Australia) Telephone: (03) 9277 5656 Understanding English Reading comprehension and traditional and functional grammar for primary schools ‐ Book 5 Catherine Silk 1994 Brookvale, Australia Educational Supplies Pty Ltd, Dominie $8.95 Dyslexia: Theory & Practice of Remedial Instruction 2nd Edition Diana Brewster Clark & Joanna Kellogg Uhry October 1995 Timonium, Maryland USA York Press Inc. US$27.50 Paperback, Size 23cm x 15.5 cm., 284 pages. Spelling Development, Disability, and Instruction Louisa Cook Moats, Ph.D. November 1995 Timonium, Maryland USA York Press Mackennan & Petty Unit 4, 809 Botany Road, Roseberry NSW 2018 PO Box 145, Roseberry NSW 2018 US$21.00 Size 23cm x 15cm, 137 pages. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3):251-307
This is a time of great opportunity, but also of great danger in the education of students placed at risk for school failure. Students may be placed at risk for many reasons, among which are low socioeconomic status (SES), minority status, and limited English proficiency, if they attend schools that are not prepared to build on their strengths. Although individual low-income and minority students may excel, and individual schools may have great success with high-poverty students, on average such students perform significantly worse in school than do advantaged students in well-funded schools (Knapp & Woolverton, 1995; National Center for Education Statistics, 1993, 1994). In particular, African American and Latino students have, as a group, performed significantly lower than other groups. Although the gap between these groups and White students on the National Assessment of Educational Process (NAEP) and other tests has gradually diminished since the early 1970s, the gap remains substantial, and in the most recent NAEP assessments the White-minority gap actually increased slightly for the first time since the NAEP has been given (National Center for Education Statistics, 1994). 相似文献
10.
Cynthia E. Hazel 《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2013,23(2-3):125-132
This commentary on Zins and Illback's (1995) article, Consultation to Facilitate Planned Organizational Change in Schools, argues that the authors provided a solid foundation for well-planned, proactive, sustainable, internally-driven systemic change in schools that has yet to be widely realized. Their school organizational change model and more recent change models provide guidance for realizing a change from an individual, remedial focus to a population-based and preventative practice. 相似文献
11.
Marlynn M. Griffin Daniel H. Robinson 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2005,53(1):23-36
The conjoint retention hypothesis (CRH) claims that students recall more text information when they study geographic maps
in addition to text than when they study text alone, because the maps are encoded spatially (Kulhavy, Lee, & Caterino, 1985).
This claim was recently challenged by Griffin and Robinson (2000), who found no advantage for maps over feature lists in facilitating
text recall. In two experiments, we crossed maps and lists with icons and names (c.f., Griffin & Robinson), and employed materials
and methodology very similar to those used in previous CRH studies by Kulhavy and colleagues (Kulhavy, Stock, Verdi, Rittschof,
and Savenye, 1993; Stock, Kulhavy, Peterson, Hancock, & Verdi, 1995). In addition, we included a concurrent task to measure
spatial encoding, as did Griffin and Robinson. No advantages were found for maps over lists in facilitating text recall, nor
were maps processed in a more spatial manner than litsts. Instead, it appears that the key stimulus feature for facilitating
text recall is mimetic icons (i.e., icons that represent features) rather than the spatial characteristics of geographic maps,
a finding that supports dual-coding theory (Paivio, 1986), but not the CRH. 相似文献
12.
Little is known about adolescent exposure to and factors associated with violence in Malawi. The aim of this research was to describe the prevalence of exposure to violence among adolescents in Malawi, and test the hypotheses that such exposures are associated with gender-based violent attitudes, and with internalizing and externalizing problems. In 2014, 561 primary school pupils were interviewed (50% girls), and logistic regression analysis was performed on gender-stratified data, adjusting for sociodemographic differences. Both girls and boys had witnessed domestic violence (28.5% & 29.6%), experienced emotional abuse at home (23.1% & 22.9%), physical abuse at home (28.1% & 30.4%), physical abuse at school (42.4% & 36.4%), and been bullied (33.8% & 39.6%). Among girls, internalized violent attitudes towards women were associated with emotional abuse at home (OR 2.1) and physical abuse at school (OR 1.7). Condoning rape was associated with physical abuse at school (OR 1.9). Bullying perpetration was associated with emotional abuse at home (OR 4.5). Depression was associated with emotional abuse at home (OR 3.8) and physical abuse at school (OR 2.4). Among boys, violent attitudes towards women and condoning rape were not associated with violence exposure. Bullying perpetration was associated with having been a victim of bullying (OR 2.9) and physical abuse at school (OR 2.7). Depression was associated with emotional abuse at home (OR 2.9), domestic violence (OR 2.4) and physical abuse at school (OR 2.5). These findings can inform programs designed to reduce violence victimization among Malawian girls, both in homes and schools. 相似文献
13.
The goal of this study was to describe the relationship between the creative abilities and the school grades of high school students in Poland. Almost six hundred (N = 589) students from 34 high schools from all over Poland participated in the study. Their creative abilities were measured by using the Test of Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP), and the school results were measured by GPA. Students’ intelligence level (as measured by the Raven's Progressive Matrices) and their gender were controlled. The analyses were based on OLS regressions as well as on multilevel models controlling for grouping students into classes. It was shown that creative abilities are not correlated with students’ GPA, yet the multilevel control of grouping students into classes demonstrated interesting and potentially important differences. In some schools, the relations were positive, strong and statistically significant, while in others they were non-existent or negative. The role of creative abilities for GPA was greater in larger schools and in schools located in big cities. We discuss the possible reasons for and consequences of our findings. 相似文献
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The Baltimore City Public School System (BCPSS) is one of the first urban districts in the country to undertake large-scale high school reform, phasing in small learning communities by opening new high schools and transforming large, comprehensive high schools into small high schools. With support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a dozen local foundations, and school reform developers and technical assistance providers, BCPSS opened 18 small high schools between 2002 and 2006. Using data from surveys, administrative records, and site visits, we examine the implementation and outcomes of these reform efforts. Although BCPSS high schools met many obstacles while implementing the reform, including continual leadership turnover and limited resources, students and staff in the small learning communities reported more positive social and academic environments than their counterparts in the district's comprehensive high schools. In addition, students in small, newly created high schools demonstrated positive academic outcomes (e.g., higher test scores, engagement) relative to students in the other schools in the district. 相似文献
17.
This paper reports results from a large-scale observational study investigating attention allocation during instructional activities in elementary school students (kindergarten through fourth-grade). In Study 1, 22 classrooms participated while a more diverse sample of 30 classrooms participated in Study 2. This work investigated temporal patterns in children's attention allocation by collecting observational data on children's on- and off-task behaviors at three different time points (i.e., beginning, middle, and end of the school year) [Study 1]. We also investigated whether patterns of attention allocation changed as a function of student characteristics (gender, grade-level, SES), teachers' instructional design choices (instructional format and duration of an instructional activity), and school type (private, parochial, public charter schools) [Studies 1 & 2]. Children's patterns of attention allocation fluctuated over the course of the school year. Female students were found to be more on-task compared to male students. On-task behavior tended to decline as the instructional duration increased. The lowest rates of on-task behavior were observed while children were engaged in whole-group instructional formats. An effect of school type was found with higher proportions of on-task behavior observed in parochial schools. However, the effect of grade-level was equivocal across studies. These findings can begin to form a foundation for the development of research-based guidelines for instructional design aimed to support engagement among students in elementary classrooms. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that performance assessment increases educational value in teachinglearning activities
using a quasi-experimental research design. In this research, the three measurement criteria of educational value are suggested
as ‘improvement & advancement,’ ‘sincerity & enthusiasm,’ and ‘individuality & wholeness.’ A pre-test was administered to
4 classes (156 students) in 7th grade. Classes were divided into an experimental group (2 classes, 79 students) and a control
group (2 classes, 77 students), according to the pre-test results. Only the experimental group was involved in the performance
assessment for 9 weeks. The results of this study show that performance assessment has a positive effect on the educational
value of teaching-learning activities in schools. 相似文献
19.
T.E. Vossen I. Henze R.C.A. Rippe J.H. Van Driel M.J. De Vries 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(13):1629-1652
Research and design activities are often employed in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) education. This study aims to examine students’ attitudes towards doing research and design activities in secondary school, among two groups of students: (1) students that take the quite recently introduced Dutch subject O&O (research & design), in which students perform authentic research and design projects related to STEM disciplines; and (2) students that do not take O&O. The subject O&O is only taught at a limited number of certified, so called ‘Technasium’, schools. A questionnaire, developed by the authors, was completed by 1625 students from Grades 8 and 11. Unlike previous studies on student attitudes, which usually use abstract concepts like ‘science’ or ‘technology’, the questionnaire used in this study contains active verbs to characterise research and design activities. The results showed that, in general, students who took the subject O&O had more positive attitudes towards doing research and design activities than regular students. Both student groups appeared to find doing design activities more enjoyable than doing research activities. The results of this study provide useful information for teachers as well as teacher educators about the existing attitudes of students, for example their preference for design projects over research projects. 相似文献
20.
Maureen Tam Gillian Boulton-Lewis Laurie Buys Ernest Chui 《Educational gerontology》2017,43(8):393-403
This article is an overview and summary of the findings from a General Research Fund project funded (2012–2014) by the Research Grants Council of the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong to investigate cross cultural understanding of ageing and learning by seniors in Hong Kong and Australia. Results have been published separately in Boulton-Lewis, & Buys (2015), Boulton-Lewis, Aird, & Buys (2016), Boulton-Lewis, Tam, Buys, & Chui (2016), Tam (2016), Tam & Chui (2016) and Tam, Aird, Boulton-Lewis & Buys (2016). These articles have dealt separately and variously with either a qualitative or quantitative analysis of learning choices in Australia, structural barriers to learning in Australia, a comparison of views of and ageing and learning in both cultures, Chinese views of later life learning, the meaning of ageing and learning to Chinese elders and an analysis and comparison of results in both places. The focus of this article is a summative discussion based mainly on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the main themes of ageing and learning. It intends to provide an overview of the findings in some of the publications above. Other details can be found in the publications listed. 相似文献